The glossary of wine terms lists the definitions of many general terms used within the wine industry. For terms specific to viticulture, winemaking, grape varieties, and wine tasting, see the topic specific list in the "See also" section below.
Wine barrels
An empty wine bottle
A basic corkscrew
Wine bottle with drip cloth around it
Winemaking, wine-making, or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine-making stretches over millennia. There is evidence that suggests that the earliest wine production took place in Georgia and Iran around 6000 to 5000 B.C. The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology. A winemaker may also be called a vintner. The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of grapes.
Wine grapes from the Guadalupe Valley in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
Vineyards in Italy
Harvested Cabernet Sauvignon grapes
A mechanical destemming machine in use at Chateau Montelena winery in Napa Valley