Gongshi, also known as scholar's rocks or viewing stones, are naturally occurring or shaped rocks which are traditionally appreciated by Chinese scholars. The term is related to the Korean suseok (수석) and the Japanese suiseki (水石).
Gongshi (Scholar's rock) in Wenmiao temple, Shanghai
Lingbi stone from Anhui. Ming Dynasty, 15th century
Emperor Huizong of Song painted Auspicious Dragon Rock (祥龍石圖), depicting a water-eroded Taihu rock that was likened to a dragon
Taihu limestone
Suseok, also called viewing stones or scholar's stones, is the Korean term for rocks resembling natural landscapes. The term also refers to the art of stone appreciation. The stone may be hand-carved or naturally occurring, with natural stones being of greater value. Such stones are similar to Chinese gongshi (供石) and Japanese suiseki (水石).
Korean artwork shows scholar paying homage to a special stone – painting with calligraphy by Hô Ryôn, 1885