1.
Gus Van Sant
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Gus Green Van Sant, Jr. is an American film director, screenwriter, painter, photographer, musician and author who has earned acclaim as both an independent and more mainstream filmmaker. His films typically deal with themes of marginalized subcultures, in particular homosexuality, as such, Van Sants early career was devoted to directing television commercials in the Pacific Northwest. He made his cinematic directorial debut with Mala Noche. In addition to directing, Van Sant wrote the screenplays for several of his earlier works, a book of his photography, called 108 Portraits, has also been published, and he has released two musical albums. He is openly gay and currently lives in Portland, Oregon, as a result of his fathers job, the family moved continually during Van Sants childhood. His paternal family is of partial Dutch origin, the name Van Sant is derived from the Dutch name Van Zandt, the earliest Van Zandt arrived in the New Netherland area in the early 17th century, around what is now New York City. Van Sant is an alumnus of Darien High School in Darien, Connecticut, one constant in the directors early years was his interest in visual arts, while still in school he began making semi-autobiographical shorts costing between 30 and 50 dollars. Van Sants artistic leanings took him to the Rhode Island School of Design in 1970, after spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as an assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas. In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a young actress who goes to Hollywood. During this period, Van Sant began to spend time observing the denizens of the more down-and-out sections of Hollywood Boulevard. He became fascinated by the existence of this section of L. A. s population, especially in context with the more ordinary. Van Sant would repeatedly focus his work on those existing on societys fringes and it was made two years after Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there, enabling him to finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay store clerk and a Mexican immigrant. Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, Van Sant moved back to Portland, Oregon, where he set up house and began giving life to the ideas rejected by Universal. He directed Drugstore Cowboy about four drug addicts robbing pharmacies to support their habit, the film met with great critical success and revived the career of Matt Dillon. Only with the success of Cowboy was Van Sant now given license to make Idaho, now New Line Cinema had given Van Sant the green light, he was on a mission to get the Idaho script to his first choices for his two young leads. After months of struggle with agents and managers over the content of the script, Van Sant finally secured River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves in the roles of Mike Waters and Scott Favor
2.
Lawrence Bender
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Lawrence Bender is an American film producer. He rose to fame by producing Reservoir Dogs in 1992 and has produced all of Quentin Tarantinos films with the exception of Death Proof, Django Unchained. He also produces films, most notably the controversial film An Inconvenient Truth. Throughout his career, he has won awards and has received three Academy Award nominations for Best Picture. Bender was born to a Jewish family in The Bronx, New York, and grew up in New Jersey, in high school, he decided to pursue a career as a civil engineer. His grandfather had been an engineer and he heard there were good jobs available in the field. He is a graduate of The University of Maine, Class of 1979, while attending U-Maine, Bender acquired a passion for dance. After graduating Bender wanted to be a dancer and followed that dream for years until an injury sidelined him. In the 1980s, he worked as a grip on the anthology series Tales from the Darkside. In 1989, he produced the film Intruder, in leading roles are Sam Raimi. His film An Inconvenient Truth, which raised unprecedented awareness about climate change, Lawrence has also produced, Dirty Dancing, Havana Nights, Knockaround Guys, A Price Above Rubies, White Mans Burden, Killing Zoe, and Fresh. He produced the 2012 film Safe, which starred Jason Statham, since May 2005, Bender has been a contributing blogger at The Huffington Post. He now works in Hollywood running the operations of his own production company. Bender has been working with Nine Inch Nails Trent Reznor to create a television TV series based on the 2007 album Year Zero, Bender is also a passionate social and political activist and supports many causes. Bender is on the Advisory Board to the Dean at Harvards John F. Kennedy School of Government and he is a member of Council on Foreign Relations the Pacific Council. He is a recipient of the Torch of Liberty Award from the ACLU, Bender is on the Advisory Board for the UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability. He was named a Wildlife Hero by the National Wildlife Federation, Lawrence Bender gave an interview for UMaine where he talks about his favorite UMaine memories. On May 11,2013, he returned to The University of Maine to receive an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree and he is a member of the Wilshire Boulevard Temple
3.
Matt Damon
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Matthew Paige Damon is an American actor, film producer, and screenwriter. He is ranked among Forbes magazines most bankable stars and is one of the actors of all time. Born and raised in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Damon began his career by appearing in high school theater productions. Damon is also known for his roles as Jason Bourne in the Bourne franchise. The latter also won him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor, Damon has received Emmy Award nominations for his portrayal of Scott Thorson in the biopic Behind the Candelabra and for producing the reality series Project Greenlight. He also received an Oscar nomination for producing Manchester by the Sea, in addition to acting in films, Damon has performed voice-over work in both animated and documentary films and has established two production companies with Affleck. He has been involved in charitable work, including the ONE Campaign, H2O Africa Foundation, Feeding America. Damon is married to Luciana Bozán Barroso, and they have three daughters together, Damon was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the second son of Kent Telfer Damon, a stockbroker, and Nancy Carlsson-Paige, an early childhood education professor at Lesley University. His father has English and Scottish ancestry, and his mother is of five-eighths Finnish, Damon and his family moved to Newton for two years. His parents divorced when he was two old, and Damon and his brother returned with their mother to Cambridge, where they lived in a six-family communal house. His brother Kyle is now a sculptor and artist. As a lonely teenager, Damon has said that he felt that he did not belong, due to his mothers by the book approach to child-rearing, he had a hard time defining a self identity. He attended Cambridge Alternative School and then Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, Damon performed as an actor in several high school theater productions. He credited his drama teacher, Gerry Speca, as an important artistic influence, though Ben Affleck, his friend and schoolmate, got the biggest roles. While at Harvard, he wrote a treatment of the screenplay for Good Will Hunting as an exercise for an English class. Damon was a member of the Delphic Club, one of the Universitys select Final Clubs, in 2013, he was awarded the Harvard Arts Medal. Damon received an Academy Award for the screenplay of Good Will Hunting in 1998, which was handed to him by Harvard alumnus Jack Lemmon, Damon entered Harvard in 1988, where he appeared in student theater plays, such as Burn This and A. Later, he made his debut at the age of 18
4.
Ben Affleck
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Benjamin Geza Ben Affleck-Boldt is an American actor and filmmaker. He began his career as a actor, starring in the PBS educational series The Voyage of the Mimi. He later appeared in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused and various Kevin Smith films including Chasing Amy, Affleck gained recognition when he and childhood friend Matt Damon won the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Good Will Hunting. He then starred in films including Armageddon, Shakespeare in Love, Pearl Harbor, Changing Lanes. After a career downturn, during which he appeared in Daredevil and Gigli, Afflecks directorial debut, Gone Baby Gone, which he also co-wrote, was well received. He then directed, co-wrote, and starred in the crime drama The Town. For the political thriller Argo, which he directed and starred in, Affleck won the Golden Globe and BAFTA Award for Best Director, and the Golden Globe, BAFTA, in 2014, he starred in the psychological thriller Gone Girl. In 2016, Affleck began playing Batman in the DC Extended Universe, Affleck is the co-founder of the Eastern Congo Initiative, a grantmaking and advocacy-based nonprofit organization. He is also a member of the Democratic Party. His younger brother is actor Casey Affleck, with whom he has worked on films including Good Will Hunting. Following high-profile relationships with Gwyneth Paltrow and Jennifer Lopez, Affleck married Jennifer Garner in 2005, Affleck and Garner have three children together, and announced their separation in 2015. Benjamin Geza Affleck-Boldt was born on August 15,1972 in Berkeley and his family moved to Massachusetts when he was two, living in Falmouth, where his brother Casey was born, before settling in Cambridge. His mother, Christopher Anne Chris, was a Radcliffe College- and his father, Timothy Byers Affleck, worked sporadically as an auto mechanic, a carpenter, a bookie, an electrician, a bartender, and a janitor at Harvard University. In the mid-1960s, he had been an actor and stage manager with the Theater Company of Boston, during Afflecks childhood, his father had a self-described severe, chronic problem with alcoholism and Affleck has recalled him drinking all day, every day. His parents divorced when he was 12, and he and his brother lived with their mother. In the following years, his fathers alcoholism worsened and he spent two years homeless, when Affleck was 16, his father moved to Indio, California to enter a rehabilitation facility and, after gaining sobriety, worked as an addiction counselor at the facility for many years. Affleck was raised in an active, liberal household. He and his brother were surrounded by people who worked in the arts, were taken to the theater by their mother
5.
Robin Williams
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Robin McLaurin Williams was an American stand-up comedian and actor. Starting as a comedian in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the mid-1970s. After rising to fame as Mork in Mork & Mindy, Williams established a career in both comedy and feature film acting. He was known for his improvisational skills, Doubtfire, Jumanji, The Birdcage, Night at the Museum, and Worlds Greatest Dad. Williams won the 1997 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as teacher Sean Maguire in Good Will Hunting and he also received two Emmy Awards, seven Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and five Grammy Awards throughout his career. On August 11,2014, Williams committed suicide by hanging at his home in Paradise Cay and his wife attributed his suicide to his struggle with Lewy body dementia. Robin McLaurin Williams was born at St. Lukes Hospital in Chicago and his father Robert Fitzgerald Williams was a senior executive in Ford Motor Companys Lincoln-Mercury Division. His mother Laurie McLaurin was a model from Jackson, Mississippi. Her paternal great-grandfather was Mississippi senator and governor Anselm J. McLaurin, Williams had two elder half-brothers named Robert and McLaurin. He had English, Welsh, Irish, Scottish, German, while his mother was a practitioner of Christian Science, Williams was raised in the Episcopal Church, where his father belonged. Williams wrote a list, Top Ten Reasons to be an Episcopalian, during a TV interview on Inside the Actors Studio in 2001, Williams credited his mother as being an important early influence for his sense of humor. He also said that he tried to make her laugh to gain attention, Williams attended public elementary school in Lake Forest at Gorton Elementary School and middle school at Deer Path Junior High School. He described himself as a quiet and shy child who did not overcome his shyness until he became involved with his school drama department. His friends recall him as being very funny, in late 1963, when Williams was twelve, his father was transferred to Detroit. The family lived in a 40-room farmhouse on 20 acres in suburban Bloomfield Hills, Michigan and he excelled in school, where he was on the schools soccer team and wrestling team, and was elected as class president. As his father traveled frequently for work and his also worked, Williams was attended to by the familys maid. When Williams was 16, his father took early retirement and the moved to Tiburon. Following their move, Williams attended Redwood High School in nearby Larkspur, at the time of his graduation in 1969, he was voted Most Likely Not to Succeed and Funniest by his classmates
6.
Minnie Driver
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Amelia Fiona Minnie Driver is an English actress and singer-songwriter. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Gus van Sants Good Will Hunting, Driver was born in Marylebone, London. Her mother, Gaynor Churchward, is a designer and former couture model. Her parents never married, as her father was married to another throughout his relationship with her mother. Her parents separated when Minnie was six years old and she was sent to Bedales School, Hampshire as a boarder. Ronald Driver moved to Barbados, where Minnie spent her school holidays and she later attended the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, and Collingham College, an independent college in Kensington. Drivers television debut was in a 1991 TV advertisement for Right Guard deodorant, Driver also made her stage debut in 1991, supplementing her income by performing as a jazz vocalist and guitarist. She appeared on British television with comedians Steve Coogan and Armando Iannucci, Driver gained broader public attention when she played the lead role in Circle of Friends in 1995. She followed this with supporting roles in GoldenEye, Sleepers and Grosse Pointe Blank and she played opposite Matt Damon as Skylar in the drama Good Will Hunting, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Screen Actors Guild Award. In 1998, Driver starred in Sandra Goldbachers film The Governess and that same year, she co-starred opposite Christian Slater and Morgan Freeman in the action thriller, Hard Rain. Driver has also worked on several animated features, voicing Jane in Disneys 1999 version of Tarzan, in 2003 and 2004, she had a recurring role on Will & Grace as Lorraine Finster, the nemesis of Karen Walker and daughter of Karens lover, Lyle Finster. In March 2007, Driver made her return to television in the FX Network show The Riches and she was nominated for an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award as Best Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2007 and 2008, respectively. She was scheduled to appear in The Simpsons Movie, although her appearance was cut from the final version, Driver appeared in the January 2010 episode of Modern Family entitled Moon Landing. She also starred in the television series The Deep and appeared in Conviction, in the comedy-drama Barneys Version, winning a Genie Award for Best Supporting Actress. In October 2013, Driver started filming for The Crash, starring alongside Frank Grillo, AnnaSophia Robb, Dianna Agron, John Leguizamo, Ed Westwick, Mary McCormack, Christopher McDonald and Maggie Q. The film is directed by Aram Rappaport and produced by Hilary Shor, Atit Shah, the Crash releases January 13,2017. Driver landed the role in the ABC sitcom Speechless, playing the mother of three children, one of whom has cerebral palsy and uses a wheelchair. The series debuted in the 2016–17 TV season, Driver began making music during boarding school
7.
Danny Elfman
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Daniel Robert Danny Elfman is an American composer, singer, songwriter, and record producer. In 1976 Elfman entered the industry as an actor. In 1982 he scored his first film, Forbidden Zone, directed by his older brother Richard Elfman, among his honours are four Academy Award nominations, a Grammy for Batman, an Emmy for Desperate Housewives, the 2002 Richard Kirk Award, and the Disney Legend Award. Danny Elfman was born on May 29,1953 in Los Angeles and he is the son of Blossom Elfman, a writer and teacher, and Milton Elfman, a teacher who was in the Air Force. He was raised in a racially mixed affluent community in Baldwin Hills and he spent much of his time in the neighborhoods local movie theatre, adoring the music of such film composers as Bernard Herrmann and Franz Waxman. Stating that he hung out with the band geeks in high school, after dropping out of high school, he followed his brother Richard to France, where he performed with Le Grand Magic Circus, an avant-garde musical theater group. He was never officially a student at the CalArts, nonetheless, Elfman stated, He just laughed, and said, Sit. I continued to sit and play for a couple years, at this time, his brother Richard was forming a new musical theater group. In 1972 Richard Elfman founded the American new wave band/performance art group and they played several shows throughout the 1970s until Richard Elfman left the band to become a filmmaker. As a send-off to the original concept, Richard Elfman created the film Forbidden Zone based on their stage performances. Danny Elfman composed his first score for the film and played the role of Satan, by the time the movie was completed, they had taken the name Oingo Boingo and begun recording and touring as a rock group. From 1976 and on, it was led by Danny Elfman, the semi-theatrical music and comedy troupe had transformed into a ska-influenced new wave band in 1979, and then changed again towards a more guitar-oriented rock sound, in the late 1980s. Oingo Boingo, still led by Danny Elfman, performed as themselves in the 1986 movie Back to School, in 1985, Tim Burton and Paul Reubens invited Elfman to write the score for their first feature film, Pee-wees Big Adventure. Elfman also provided the voice for Jack Skellington in Tim Burtons The Nightmare Before Christmas. Years later he provided the voice for Bonejangles the skeleton in Corpse Bride and the voices of the Oompa-Loompas in Charlie, one of Elfmans notable compositions is The Simpsons Theme. He composed the theme in 1989, and it has been in use ever since, in 2002 Elfman composed the opening theme for the Sam Raimi Spider-Man series. This as well as altered versions made its way to all 3 Spider-Man movies, in 2004 Elfman composed Serenada Schizophrana for the American Composers Orchestra. It was conducted by John Mauceri on its recording and by Steven Sloane at its premiere at Carnegie Hall in New York City on February 23,2005, after its premiere, it was recorded in studio and released onto SACD on October 3,2006
8.
Miramax
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Miramax is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows. It is headquartered in Santa Monica, California, shortly thereafter, Pulp Fiction was released. Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings, a joint venture of Colony Capital, Tutor-Saliba Corporation, in 2016, ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group. The company was founded by the brothers Harvey and Bob Weinstein in Buffalo, New York in 1979 and it was created to distribute independent films deemed commercially unfeasible by the major studios. The Weinsteins worked with Lewis to distill the two films into one film for the US marketplace, the resulting film The Secret Policemans Other Ball was a successful release for Miramax in the summer of 1982. This release presaged a modus operandi that the company would later in the 1980s of acquiring films from international filmmakers. Among the companys other breakthrough films as distributors in the late 1980s and early 1990s were Scandal, Sex, Lies, the Crying Game, Pulp Fiction and Clerks. The company also made such as Flirting with Disaster, Heavenly Creatures. Miramax acquired and/or produced many films that did extraordinarily well financially. The company became one of the leaders of the independent film boom of the 1990s, Miramax produced or distributed seven films with box office grosses totaling more than $100 million, its most successful title, Chicago, earned more than $300 million worldwide. The company was also successful in securing Academy Award nominations for its releases. In 1992, Miramax began a deal with Paramount Pictures for VHS, Paramount would also distribute theatrically certain releases that might have commercial appeal. On June 30,1993, Miramax was purchased for $60 million by The Walt Disney Company, Harvey and Bob Weinstein continued to operate Miramax until they left the company on September 30,2005. During their tenure, the Weinstein brothers ran Miramax independently of other Disney subsidiaries, Disney, however, had the final say on what Miramax could release. Disneys Buena Vista Home Entertainment division released Miramax output, Miramax operated, until September 30,2005, the label Dimension Films, specializing in genre films and created the Scream and Scary Movie film franchises. The primary source of dispute was over distribution of Fahrenheit 9/11 by Michael Moore, Disneys film studio consortium, Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group assumed control of Miramax, which was projected to have a smaller annual production budget. The Weinsteins started a new production company called The Weinstein Company. The Miramax name remained with the studio owned by Disney
9.
South Boston
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South Boston is a densely populated neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, located south and east of the Fort Point Channel and abutting Dorchester Bay. South Boston, most popularly known as Southie, was once a working class Irish Catholic community. South Boston contains Dorchester Heights, where George Washington forced British troops to evacuate during the American Revolutionary War, South Boston has undergone gentrification, and consequently, its real estate market has seen property values join the highest in the city. South Boston has also left its mark on history with Boston busing desegregation, South Boston is also home to the St. Patricks Day Parade, a celebration of the Irish-American culture and the Evacuation Day observance. Geographically, Dorchester Neck was an isthmus, a strip of land that connected the mainland of the colonial settlement of Dorchester with Dorchester Heights. South Boston gained an identity separate from Dorchester, but the two were annexed by Boston in pieces, from 1804 to 1870. During the American Revolutionary War, George Washington placed a cannon on Dorchester Heights, the British evacuated Boston and Fort William and Mary for Halifax, Nova Scotia. Fort William and Mary was replaced with a fortification known as Fort Independence. That fort was replaced by a granite fortification prior to the American Civil War, edgar Allan Poe was stationed at Castle Island for five months in 1827 and was inspired to write The Cask of Amontillado based on an early Castle Island legend. During the 1970s, South Boston received national attention for its opposition to court-mandated school desegregation by busing students to different neighborhoods. In the early 21st century, property values, especially in the City Point neighborhood near Castle Island, the City Point area of South Boston, labeled East Side by realtors, has seen a major increase in property values due to its close proximity to downtown Boston and gentrification. Additionally, the West Side is home to the first green residence in Boston — the Macallen Building which was featured in the movie The Greening of Southie. The City of Boston is investing in the West Side through developments like the ~150, the Harrison house is a mansion located in Southie. It was used as a residence until 1913. At that time it was purchased by the Roman Catholic Church to use the space as a convent, since 1987, its current owner has converted it into apartment style housing. The house located at 789 East Broadway is full of rich history and it is associated with Harrison Loring, who owned and operated one of the first South Boston shipyards. The history behind the South Boston, Saint Patricks Day Parade is General John Henry Knox brought 55 cannons captured at Fort Ticonderoga, in March, the troops positioned the cannons on Dorchester Heights. They had cut trees to cannon size, hollowed them out
10.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
11.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
12.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, often cited as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. Researchers worked on computers, radar, and inertial guidance during World War II, post-war defense research contributed to the rapid expansion of the faculty and campus under James Killian. The current 168-acre campus opened in 1916 and extends over 1 mile along the bank of the Charles River basin. The Institute is traditionally known for its research and education in the sciences and engineering, and more recently in biology, economics, linguistics. Air Force and 6 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT, the school has a strong entrepreneurial culture, and the aggregated revenues of companies founded by MIT alumni would rank as the eleventh-largest economy in the world. In 1859, a proposal was submitted to the Massachusetts General Court to use newly filled lands in Back Bay, Boston for a Conservatory of Art and Science, but the proposal failed. A charter for the incorporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rogers, a professor from the University of Virginia, wanted to establish an institution to address rapid scientific and technological advances. The Rogers Plan reflected the German research university model, emphasizing an independent faculty engaged in research, as well as instruction oriented around seminars, two days after the charter was issued, the first battle of the Civil War broke out. After a long delay through the war years, MITs first classes were held in the Mercantile Building in Boston in 1865, in 1863 under the same act, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts founded the Massachusetts Agricultural College, which developed as the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In 1866, the proceeds from sales went toward new buildings in the Back Bay. MIT was informally called Boston Tech, the institute adopted the European polytechnic university model and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date. Despite chronic financial problems, the institute saw growth in the last two decades of the 19th century under President Francis Amasa Walker. Programs in electrical, chemical, marine, and sanitary engineering were introduced, new buildings were built, the curriculum drifted to a vocational emphasis, with less focus on theoretical science. The fledgling school still suffered from chronic financial shortages which diverted the attention of the MIT leadership, during these Boston Tech years, MIT faculty and alumni rebuffed Harvard University president Charles W. Eliots repeated attempts to merge MIT with Harvard Colleges Lawrence Scientific School. There would be at least six attempts to absorb MIT into Harvard, in its cramped Back Bay location, MIT could not afford to expand its overcrowded facilities, driving a desperate search for a new campus and funding. Eventually the MIT Corporation approved an agreement to merge with Harvard, over the vehement objections of MIT faculty, students. However, a 1917 decision by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court effectively put an end to the merger scheme, the neoclassical New Technology campus was designed by William W. Bosworth and had been funded largely by anonymous donations from a mysterious Mr. Smith, starting in 1912. In January 1920, the donor was revealed to be the industrialist George Eastman of Rochester, New York, who had invented methods of production and processing
13.
Harvard University
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Although never formally affiliated with any denomination, the early College primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, james Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war. The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College, Harvards $34.5 billion financial endowment is the largest of any academic institution. Harvard is a large, highly residential research university, the nominal cost of attendance is high, but the Universitys large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. Harvards alumni include eight U. S. presidents, several heads of state,62 living billionaires,359 Rhodes Scholars. To date, some 130 Nobel laureates,18 Fields Medalists, Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, it obtained British North Americas first known printing press, in 1639 it was named Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard an alumnus of the University of Cambridge who had left the school £779 and his scholars library of some 400 volumes. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650 and it offered a classic curriculum on the English university model—many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge—but conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any denomination, but many of its earliest graduates went on to become clergymen in Congregational. The leading Boston divine Increase Mather served as president from 1685 to 1701, in 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, which marked a turning of the college toward intellectual independence from Puritanism. When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804, in 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College. Agassizs approach was distinctly idealist and posited Americans participation in the Divine Nature, agassizs perspective on science combined observation with intuition and the assumption that a person can grasp the divine plan in all phenomena. When it came to explaining life-forms, Agassiz resorted to matters of shape based on an archetype for his evidence. Charles W. Eliot, president 1869–1909, eliminated the position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. While Eliot was the most crucial figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated not by a desire to secularize education, during the 20th century, Harvards international reputation grew as a burgeoning endowment and prominent professors expanded the universitys scope. Rapid enrollment growth continued as new schools were begun and the undergraduate College expanded. Radcliffe College, established in 1879 as sister school of Harvard College, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. In the early 20th century, the student body was predominately old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, by the 1970s it was much more diversified
14.
Stanford University School of Medicine
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Stanford University School of Medicine is the medical school of Stanford University and is located in Stanford, California. Due to this descent, it ranks as the oldest medical school in the Western United States, the medical school moved to the Stanford campus near Palo Alto, California in 1959. The School of Medicine, along with Stanford Health Care and Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital, is part of Stanford Medicine and it is a research-intensive institution that emphasizes medical innovation, novel methods, discoveries, and interventions in its integrated curriculum. In 1855, Illinois physician Elias Samuel Cooper moved to San Francisco in the wake of the California Gold Rush, Lane also built a hospital and a nursing school and made provision for the creation of Lane Medical Library. In 1908, Cooper Medical College was deeded to Stanford University as a gift and it became Stanfords medical institution, initially called the Stanford Medical Department and later the Stanford University School of Medicine. The school expanded and built up a reputation for excellence and providing cutting edge clinical care, in the 1950s, the Stanford Board of Trustees decided to move the school to the Stanford main campus near Palo Alto. The move was completed in 1959, in the 1980s the Medical Center launched a major expansion program. A new hospital was added in 1989 with 20 new operating rooms, state of the art intensive care and inpatient units, the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine opened in May 1989 as an interdisciplinary center focusing on the molecular and genetic basis of disease. The Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital was completed in 1991, adding even more diversity to Stanford Medicine, in the early years of the 21st century the School of Medicine underwent rapid construction to further expand teaching and clinical opportunities. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building also opened in 2010, it is the largest stem cell, the Stem Cell Research Building is the first of the planned Stanford Institutes of Medicine. In addition to research facilities it houses offices for faculty from the Stanford Cancer Center and hotel space offices for visiting researchers. The School of Medicines programs include more than 1,250 enrolled students, matriculating in MD, MD/PhD, PhD, and master’s programs, most Stanford medical students elect to extend their training over five or more years in order to pursue more in-depth research. Approximately 19 percent of its MD students graduate with a joint MD/PhD degree while at Stanford, the School of Medicine is currently in midst of a process to transform its medical curriculum. The School of Medicine also has a Physician Assistant program that was added in 1971 and it was one of the first accredited physician assistant programs in California. It is offered in association with Foothill College, the program has graduated more than 1,300 physician assistants since its opening. Most graduates fulfill the mission of serving underserved medical communities. In the 2018 U. S. News & World Report rankings, Stanford was ranked 2nd in the nation for research, admissions to Stanford is highly competitive. The acceptance rate is the second-lowest in the country at 2. 5%, in 2016,7,512 people applied, and 516 were interviewed
15.
Bunker Hill Community College
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Bunker Hill Community College is a two-year, multi-campus community college serving the Greater Boston area. The college enrolls more than 13,000 students in day, afternoon, evening, late-evening, midnight, weekend, in web-based and distance-learning courses each semester. BHCC is one of the most diverse institutions of education in Massachusetts, with 24% of the student population African-American, 24% white or caucasian. More than half of BHCCs students are women and the age for all students is 27 years of age. Additionally, the college more than 800 international students who come from approximately 100 countries. Bunker Hill Community Colleges main campus is situated on 42 acres in the historic Charlestown neighborhood of Boston, inaugurated in 1973, BHCCs campus is located at the site of the former Charlestown State Prison, which closed in 1955. BHCC has operated a campus in Chelsea since 1987. The campus, located in a former post office in historic Bellingham Square, was inaugurated in 1998 after being housed at several sites around the city. The two-story brick structure was built in 1910, but had been vacant for a decade before being donated to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. PTC provides the residents of the South End and Lower Roxbury with the opportunity to earn a GED certificate, take adult education classes, additionally, BHCC operates their East Boston Satellite campus at the Education and Training Institute of the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center. Opened in 2007, this satellite offers introductory and allied health courses in the evening during the fall, spring, the college was awarded nearly $2 million in federal funds from the United States Department of Education to boost graduation rates among first-time, full-time students. BHCC was recently awarded an Achieving the Dream grant from the Lumina Foundation which will dedicate up to $450,000 toward supporting student success at the college, the college was featured in the movie Good Will Hunting, as the location where Dr. Sean Maguire teaches. BHCC behavioral science chairperson, John P. Reeves, served as a model for Williams’ Maguire, on July 1,2013, Dr. Pam Y. Eddinger became BHCCs seventh president, replacing Dr. Mary L. Fifield who retired after 16 years, dana Rosenblatt, boxer Stephen Stat Smith, state representative Bob Kelly, comedian
16.
1975 World Series
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The 1975 World Series of Major League Baseball was played between the Boston Red Sox and Cincinnati Reds. In 2003, it was ranked by ESPN as the second-greatest World Series ever played, Cincinnati won the series four games to three. The Reds won the seventh and deciding game of the series on a ninth-inning RBI single by Joe Morgan, the sixth game of the Series was a 12-inning classic at Bostons Fenway Park. While there are many moments from that game, it is remembered in Boston for the walk-off home run hit in the bottom of the twelfth by Carlton Fisk. Fisks home run gave the Sox a 7–6 win to send the series to a seventh game. The series also included a play involving Fisk and the Reds Ed Armbrister in Game 3, Tony Pérezs home run off Bill Lees blooper pitch in Game 7. This was also the eleventh consecutive World Series that did not feature the New York Yankees, the Yankees would win the next three pennants afterwards, and the last two World Series in that same run, as well as a memorable tiebreaker game against the Red Sox in 1978. This pennant drought was matched in 1992, and surpassed in 1993, NL Cincinnati Reds vs. AL Boston Red Sox †, postponed from October 18 due to rain Luis Tiant and Don Gullett were locked in a scoreless pitching duel until the seventh. Tiant, batting in this game for the first time all season and he later scored the Red Sox first run on a single by Carl Yastrzemski. The Red Sox sandwiched the Reds run with single tallies of their own in the first on an RBI single by Carlton Fisk, the Reds, however, rallied in the ninth to tie the series. Bench led off the inning with a double down the field line. Dave Concepción tied the game by singling in Bench and then stole second, with two outs, Ken Griffey doubled in Concepción with the go-ahead run. Rawly Eastwick retired the Sox in the ninth to get the victory, back at home, the Reds prevailed in another squeaker that showed just how much this Series was destined to become a classic. For nine innings, the game was a homer-fest, Carlton Fisk put the Sox on the board in the second with a solo homer off Reds starter Gary Nolan. The Reds countered by taking a 2–1 lead in the fourth when Tony Pérez walked, the Reds then chased Wise in the fifth when Dave Concepción and César Gerónimo hit back-to-back solo shots. Pete Rose followed with a triple and scored on Joe Morgans sacrifice fly to give the Reds a 5–1 lead. The Sox scratched back in the sixth when Reds reliever Pat Darcy issued consecutive walks to Carl Yastrzemski and Fisk, wild-pitched Fisk to third, in the seventh, Bernie Carbo closed the gap to 5–3 with a pinch-hit solo homer off Clay Carroll. In the ninth, with ace reliever Rawly Eastwick on the mound, but, Eastwick gave up a single to Rico Petrocelli and a tying two-run homer to Dwight Evans, sending the game into extra innings
17.
National Security Agency
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NSA is concurrently charged with protection of U. S. government communications and information systems against penetration and network warfare. Moreover, NSA maintains physical presence in a number of countries across the globe. SCS collection tactics allegedly encompass close surveillance, burglary, wiretapping, breaking and entering, additionally, the NSA Director simultaneously serves as the Commander of the United States Cyber Command and as Chief of the Central Security Service. Originating as a unit to decipher coded communications in World War II, NSA surveillance has been a matter of political controversy on several occasions, such as its spying on anti-Vietnam-war leaders or economic espionage. In 2013, the extent of some of the NSAs secret surveillance programs was revealed to the public by Edward Snowden, internationally, research has pointed to the NSAs ability to surveil the domestic Internet traffic of foreign countries through boomerang routing. The origins of the National Security Agency can be traced back to April 28,1917, a code and cipher decryption unit was established as the Cable and Telegraph Section which was also known as the Cipher Bureau. It was headquartered in Washington, D. C. and was part of the war effort under the executive branch without direct Congressional authorization, during the course of the war it was relocated in the armys organizational chart several times. On July 5,1917, Herbert O. Yardley was assigned to head the unit, at that point, the unit consisted of Yardley and two civilian clerks. It absorbed the navys cryptoanalysis functions in July 1918, World War I ended on November 11,1918, and MI-8 moved to New York City on May 20,1919, where it continued intelligence activities as the Code Compilation Company under the direction of Yardley. MI-8 also operated the so-called Black Chamber, the Black Chamber was located on East 37th Street in Manhattan. Its purpose was to crack the codes of foreign governments. Other Black Chambers were also found in Europe, during World War II, the Signal Security Agency was created to intercept and decipher the communications of the Axis powers. When the war ended, the SSA was reorganized as the Army Security Agency, on May 20,1949, all cryptologic activities were centralized under a national organization called the Armed Forces Security Agency. This organization was established within the U. S. Department of Defense under the command of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The AFSA was tasked to direct Department of Defense communications and electronic intelligence activities, in December 1951, President Harry S. Truman ordered a panel to investigate how AFSA had failed to achieve its goals. The results of the led to improvements and its redesignation as the National Security Agency. The agency was established by Truman in a memorandum of October 24,1952. Since President Trumans memo was a document, the existence of the NSA was not known to the public at that time
18.
Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova
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The Chevrolet Chevy II/Nova was a small automobile manufactured by Chevrolet, and produced in five generations for the 1962 through 1979, and 1985 through 1988 model years. Nova was the top model in the Chevy II lineup through 1968, the Chevy II nameplate was dropped, Nova becoming the nameplate for the 1969 through 1979 models. Built on the X-body platform, the Nova was replaced by the 1980 Chevrolet Citation introduced in the spring of 1979, the Nova nameplate returned in 1985, produced through 1988 as a NUMMI manufactured, subcompact based on the front wheel drive, Japan home-based Toyota Sprinter. The 1962 Chevy II rode a 110-inch wheelbase, compared to 109.5 for the Ford Falcon, I think that was the quickest program we ever did at any time, he continued. We worked night and day on that car, and it didnt take long to run it through our shop because we had a deadline. Unlike the Corvair, the 1962 Chevy II was deliberately never intended to be revolutionary in concept or execution, its mission was to give Chevrolet buyers a simple, back-to-the-basics compact car. When he announced the Chevy II to the press, Chevrolet General Manager Ed Cole described the car as offering maximum functionalism with thrift. There was a lot of debate within the Chevrolet organization over just what to call this new car, and it lost out because it didnt start with a C, but was selected as the name for the top-of-the-line series. Ultimately the Nova badge would replace Chevy II, but that wouldnt happen until 1969, in almost every way, the creators of the Chevy II used Falcon as a benchmark. The 1962 model range included sedans and wagons, as well as a two-door hardtop, the only body styles it didnt offer which the Falcon did were a sedan delivery and coupe utility, most likely to avoid competing with Chevrolets own El Camino. After the rear-engine Chevrolet Corvair was outsold by the conventional Ford Falcon in 1960, the 1962 Chevy II came in three series and five body styles—the 100 Series,300 Series and Nova 400 Series. A200 series was introduced, but was discontinued almost immediately. The sportiest-looking of the lot was the $2,475 Nova 400 convertible—23,741 were produced that year, available engines for the Chevy II in 1962 and 1963 included Chevrolets inline-four engine of 153 cu in and a new third generation 194 cu in Chevrolet straight-6 engine. All Chevy II engines featured overhead valves, a V8 engine was not available in 1962 and 1963. Absent documentation, dealer installed options of a V8 in a 1962 or 1963 is a myth, refer to the GM Heritage Center 1963 Chevrolet Nova information available on the GM Heritage site. In addition, that documentation does not list a V8 engine as a dealer installed option. Like all Chevy two-door hardtops, the style was marketed as the Sport Coupe. For 1963, the Chevy II Nova Super Sport was released and it featured special emblems, instrument package, wheel covers, side moldings, bucket seats, and floor shifter, and was available only on the 400 series sport coupe and convertible
19.
Casey Affleck
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Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt is an American actor and director. He began his career as a actor, appearing in the PBS television movie Lemon Sky. He later appeared in three Gus Van Sant films – To Die For, Good Will Hunting, and Gerry – and in Steven Soderberghs comedy heist trilogy Oceans Eleven, Oceans Twelve and his first leading role was in Steve Buscemis independent comedy-drama Lonesome Jim. In 2010, he directed the mockumentary Im Still Here, the film features his brother-in-law Joaquin Phoenix, and starred as a serial killer in The Killer Inside Me. He then appeared as an outlaw in Aint Them Bodies Saints, in 2016, Affleck appeared in the crime thriller Triple 9, the disaster drama The Finest Hours, and the drama Manchester by the Sea. For his performance as a man in the latter, he won the Golden Globe, BAFTA. Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck was born on August 12,1975 in Falmouth, Massachusetts, to Christopher Anne Chris, the surname Affleck is of Scottish origin. He also has English, Irish, German, and Swiss ancestry and his mother was a Radcliffe College– and Harvard–educated elementary school teacher. His father worked sporadically as a mechanic, a carpenter, a bookie, an electrician, a bartender. In the mid-1960s, he had been a manager, director, writer. During Afflecks childhood, his father was a disaster of a drinker, following his parents divorce when he was nine, Affleck and his older brother, Ben, lived with their mother and visited their father weekly. His first experience of acting was reenacting what was happening at home during role play exercises at Alateen meetings and he learned to speak Spanish during a year spent travelling around Mexico with his mother and brother when he was ten. The two siblings spent all of our time together, pretty much, obviously at school we were in different grades, but we had the same friends. When Affleck was 14, his father moved to Indio, California to enter a rehabilitation facility, Affleck reconnected with his father during visits to California as a teenager, I got to know him, really, because he was sober for the first time. The man I knew before that was just completely different, the brothers sometimes appeared in local weather commercials and as movie extras because of their mothers friendship with a local casting director. Affleck acted in high school theater productions while a student at Cambridge Rindge. He has said he wouldn’t be an actor if not for his high school theater teacher Gerry Speca, He kind of turned me on to acting, why it can be fun, how it can be rewarding. At the age of eighteen, Affleck moved to Los Angeles for a year to pursue an acting career and he soon transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he followed the core curriculum for a total of two years
20.
Cole Hauser
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Cole Kenneth Hauser is an American film and television actor. Hauser was born in Santa Barbara, California, son of Cass Warner, who founded the production company Warner Sisters. His paternal grandfather was Academy Award-winning screenwriter Dwight Hauser, Hauser is of Irish and German descent on his fathers side and Jewish on his mothers. Hausers parents divorced in 1977, when he was two years old, according to him, at roughly fifteen, he first met his father after the relocation-induced years of separation. His father took him in for a year and taught him about auditioning, prior to that, his mother had moved Hauser and his half brother and sisters from Santa Barbara to Oregon to Florida and then back to Santa Barbara within a 12-year-span. At the time, he participated heavily in sports, but half-heartedly pursued school, at 16 years old he decided to leave high school to try to break into acting. Hauser made his debut in School Ties, which starred many young and up-and-coming actors such as Brendan Fraser, Matt Damon, Chris ODonnell. A role in Richard Linklater’s Dazed and Confused also starring Affleck came along subsequently, in 1995, Hauser played the role of the leader of the campus neo-Nazi skinheads in the John Singleton film Higher Learning. Hauser would later re-team with Affleck and Damon when they appeared together in Good Will Hunting, in 2000 he played William J. Johns in Pitch Black and voiced the character in the prequel video game. In 2002, he played a racist American prisoner-of-war in Harts War with Bruce Willis, then in 2003, he played a Navy SEAL in Tears of the Sun alongside Bruce Willis. He also appeared as a mob boss in 2 Fast 2 Furious and he has since had several leading roles in Hollywood films, including the Mel Gibson-produced Paparazzi and The Cave. In 2007, he starred with Anthony Anderson in the FOX series K-Ville, the show was canceled after ten episodes. That same year, Hauser starred in The Stone Angel adapted from a novel by Margaret Laurence, the film played in various festival circles and had a limited release in Canadian theaters in May 2008. During that same year, Cole filmed other indie productions such as Like Dandelion Dust from a novel by Karen Kingsbury, Tyler Perrys The Family That Preys and the CBS television pilot The Tower. Hauser and Daniel have three children, two boys, one born in 2004, the other in 2008, one girl, born in 2013, Cole Hauser at the Internet Movie Database Cole Hauser at AllMovie Article from People. com
21.
John Mighton
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John Mighton, OC is a Canadian author, film actor, and mathematician. He is the founder of JUMP, a organization that works to educate students in mathematics. He is the author of The Myth of Ability and The End of Ignorance and he has also been the recipient of the prestigious Siminovitch Prize in Theatre for playwriting. Mighton also advised Gus Van Sant, Matt Damon, and Ben Affleck on the script for Good Will Hunting, and as an actor in the film. His one major line is a reference to his idea in The Myth of Ability. Mighton completed a Ph. D. in mathematics at the University of Toronto and was awarded an NSERC fellowship for research in knot. He is currently a Fellow of the Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences and has also taught mathematics at the University of Toronto, dr. Mighton also lectured in philosophy at McMaster University, where he received a Masters in philosophy. In 2004, Mighton was elected as a Fellow of Ashoka in recognition for his work founding JUMP, in 2010, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada. Mighton was born in Hamilton, Ontario on October 2,1957 and lives in Toronto, Ontario with partner Pamela Sinha and daughter Chloe. Good Will Hunting, Tom - Lambeaus Teaching Assistant Hokees, John Mighton at the Internet Movie Database JUMP website utoronto. academia. edu page Excerpt from The End of Ignorance
22.
Christopher Britton (actor)
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More recently, he has voiced the character of Soichiro Yagami in the English dub of the anime series Death Note and its live action counterpart. He also was the narrator on the Dino Crisis II video game created by Capcom in 2000 and he has a regular role as Richard Norton in Da Vincis Inquest/City Hall, and has acted in several different movies from The Day After Tomorrow to Godsend. He has worked on different plays and theater productions, including two seasons with the Stratford and Shaw Festivals, and has acted throughout Ontario, Vancouver. Born and raised in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Chris Britton first studied acting as a teenager, for a brief period, an interest in dance led him to become a member of the Judy Jarvis Dance Company, one of the first modern dance companies in Toronto. He graduated from York University with a BFA in theatre, while an undergraduate he was an Associate Fellow of Stong College teaching a course in the life and work of Edward Gordon Craig. Upon graduating he spent two seasons at both the Stratford and Shaw Festivals and worked at theaters across Canada. In 1980 Chris started the first Artists Action Network within Amnesty International that worked for the release of imprisoned artists and he returned to Canada to be a member of the Grand Theater Company with Robin Phillips. In the late 80s he landed the role of Einstein in the one play and toured Canada, Boston and Louisville. He has had recurring roles in DaVincis Inquest, DaVincis City Hall, Intelligence and his first screenplay Capital Murder, based on the true story of the lawyer who defended the last two men to be executed in Canada was awarded a Fellowship in the Praxis Screenwriting Competition. A second screenplay, The Good Men, a thriller, was also awarded a Fellowship at Praxis. Chris Britton lives and works in Vancouver with his wife, actress Gwynyth Walsh and frequently returns to Toronto to work and spend time with his daughter Paget
23.
George Plimpton
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George Ames Plimpton was an American journalist, writer, literary editor, actor and occasional amateur sportsman. He is widely known for his sports writing and for helping to found The Paris Review, during the summers, he lived in the hamlet of West Hills, Huntington, Suffolk County on Long Island. He was the son of Francis T. P, Plimpton, and the grandson of Frances Taylor Pearsons and George Arthur Plimpton. His grandfather was the founder of the Ginn publishing company and a philanthropist and his father was a successful corporate lawyer and partner of the law firm Debevoise and Plimpton. He was appointed by President John F. Kennedy as U. S. deputy ambassador to the United Nations serving from 1961 to 1965 and his mother was Pauline Ames, the daughter of botanist Oakes Ames and artist Blanche Ames. George had three siblings, Francis Taylor Pearsons Plimpton Jr. Oakes Ames Plimpton, and Sarah Gay Plimpton. Plimpton attended St. Bernards School, Phillips Exeter Academy, and Daytona Beach Mainland High School and he wrote for the Harvard Lampoon, was a member of the Hasty Pudding Club, Pi Eta, the Signet Society, and the Porcellian Club. Plimpton entered Harvard as a member of the Class of 1948 and he was also an accomplished birdwatcher. Plimptons studies were interrupted by military service lasting from 1945 to 1948, after graduating from Harvard, he attended Kings College at Cambridge University in England. He studied there from 1950 to 1952 and graduated with third class honors, in 1953, Plimpton joined the influential literary journal The Paris Review, founded by Peter Matthiessen, Thomas H. Guinzburg, and Harold L. Humes, becoming its first editor in chief. This periodical carries great weight in the world, but has never been financially strong, for its first half-century, it was allegedly largely financed by its publishers. Peter Matthiessen took the magazine over from Harold Humes and ousted him as editor, replacing him with Plimpton, Plimpton was associated with the literary magazine in Paris, Merlin, which folded because the State Department withdrew its support. Future Poet Laureate Donald Hall, who had met Plimpton at Exeter, was Poetry Editor, outside the literary world, Plimpton was famous for competing in professional sporting events and then recording the experience from the point of view of an amateur. In 1958, prior to an exhibition game at Yankee Stadium between teams managed by Willie Mays and Mickey Mantle, Plimpton pitched against the National League. His experience was captured in the book Out of My League, Plimpton sparred for three rounds with boxing greats Archie Moore and Sugar Ray Robinson, while on assignment for Sports Illustrated. In 1963, Plimpton attended preseason training with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League as a backup quarterback and these events were recalled in his best-known book Paper Lion, which was later adapted into a feature film starring Alan Alda, released in 1968. Plimpton revisited pro football in 1971, this time joining the Baltimore Colts and seeing action in a game against his previous team. Another sports book, Open Net, saw him train as an ice hockey goalie with the Boston Bruins, Plimptons classic The Bogey Man chronicles his attempt to play professional golf on the PGA Tour during the Nicklaus and Palmer era of the 1960s
24.
Castle Rock Entertainment
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Castle Rock Entertainment is an American film and television production company founded in 1987 by Martin Shafer, director Rob Reiner, Andrew Scheinman, Glenn Padnick and Alan Horn. It is a subsidiary of Time Warners Warner Bros, Reiner and Scheinman already had a production company. They were friends with Shafer, who worked with Horn at 20th Century Fox at the time, Horn was disappointed at Fox and agreed to join the trio at forming the company. Horn brought along Padnick, who was an executive at Embassy Television, in Castle Rock, Horn became the CEO, Shafer ran the film division, Padnick ran TV, and Reiner & Scheinman became involved in the development of productions. The company was backed by The Coca-Cola Company, the then-parent company of Columbia Pictures. Coke and the companys founders jointly owned a stake in the company, months after the deal, Coke exited the entertainment business, succeeded by Columbia Pictures Entertainment. In 1989, Castle Rock was supported by another backer, Group W, some of Nelsons holdings were later acquired by New Line Cinema, which took over Nelsons duty. Columbia, shortly after the formation, thereafter had to re-invest with a substantial change in terms when accumulated losses exhausted its initial funding. Reiner has stated that Castle Rocks purpose was to allow freedom to individuals. Castle Rock was to make films of the highest quality, whether they made or lost money, Castle Rock has also produced several television shows, such as the successful sitcom Seinfeld and the animated sitcom Mission Hill. In August 1993, Turner Broadcasting System agreed to acquire Castle Rock, the sale was completed on December 22,1993. The motivation behind the purchase to allow a company to handle the overhead. Turner Broadcasting eventually merged with Time Warner in 1996, Castle Rock Entertainment then became a division of Warner Bros. MGM owns the rights to the pre-1994 Castle Rock Entertainment films because of the acquisition of the pre-1996 PolyGram library where Nelson Entertainment was in it. Warner Bros. through Castle Rock, owns its post-1994 library and the TV rights to the pre-1994 library with the exception of Seinfeld and Thea
25.
Rob Reiner
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Robert Rob Reiner is an American actor, writer, director, producer, and activist. As an actor, Reiner first came to prominence with the role of Michael Stivic on All in the Family. That role earned him two Emmy Awards during the 1970s and he also directed the psychological horror-thriller Misery, the romantic comedy fantasy adventure The Princess Bride and the heavy metal mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap. Reiner was born to a Jewish family in the Bronx, New York, and is the son of Estelle Reiner, an actress, and Carl Reiner, a renowned comedian, actor, writer, producer and director. As a child, Reiner lived at 48 Bonnie Meadow Road in New Rochelle, New York and he studied at the UCLA Film School. In the late 1960s, Reiner acted in bit roles in television shows including Batman, The Andy Griffith Show, Room 222, Gomer Pyle, U. S. M. C. He began his writing for the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour in 1968 and 1969. The characters nickname became closely associated with him, even after he had left the role, Reiner has stated, I could win the Nobel Prize and theyd write Meathead wins the Nobel Prize. For his performance, Reiner won two Emmy Awards in addition to three other nominations and five Golden Globe nominations, after an extended absence, Reiner has recently returned to television acting with a recurring role on New Girl. In 1972, Reiner, Phil Mishkin, and Gerry Isenberg created the situation comedy The Super for ABC. Starring Richard S. Castellano, the show depicted the life of the harried Italian American superintendent of a New York City apartment building, Reiner and Mishkin co-wrote the premiere episode. Beginning in the 1980s, Reiner became known as a director of several successful Hollywood films that many different genres. Several of these film remains popular with fans and critics. He often collaborates with film editor Robert Leighton, whom he shares with fellow director-actor Christopher Guest as their go-to editor. Reiner has gone on to other critically and commercially successful films with his own company. These include several iconic films such as the romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally, subsequent films directed by Reiner include the political romance The American President, the courtroom drama Ghosts of Mississippi, and the uplifting comedy The Bucket List. He has also parodied himself with cameos in such as Dickie Roberts. Reiner has devoted time and energy to liberal activism in recent years
26.
Terrence Malick
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Terrence Frederick Malick is an American film director, screenwriter and producer. Malick began his career as part of the New Hollywood film-making wave with the films Badlands and Days of Heaven, Malicks films have been noted for exploring themes such as individual transcendence, nature, and conflicts between reason and instinct. The stylistic elements of the work have inspired divided opinions among film scholars. Terrence Malick was born in Ottawa, Illinois and he is the son of Irene and Emil A. Malick, a geologist. His paternal grandparents were Assyrian Christian immigrants from Urmia, Iran, Malick attended St. Stephens Episcopal School in Austin, Texas, while his family lived in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Malick had two brothers, Chris and Larry. Larry Malick was a guitarist who went to study in Spain with Andrés Segovia in the late 1960s, in 1968, Larry intentionally broke his own hands due to pressure over his musical studies. Their father Emil went to Spain to help Larry, but his son died shortly after, the early death of Malicks younger brother has been explored and referenced in his films The Tree of Life and Knight of Cups. Malick received a A. B. in philosophy from Harvard College, graduating cum laude. He did graduate work at Magdalen College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar, after a disagreement with his advisor, Gilbert Ryle, over his thesis on the concept of world in Kierkegaard, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein, Malick left Oxford without a degree. In 1969, Northwestern University Press published Malicks translation of Heideggers Vom Wesen des Grundes as The Essence of Reasons, after returning to the United States, Malick taught philosophy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology while freelancing as a journalist. He wrote articles for Newsweek, The New Yorker, and Life, Malick started his film career after earning an MFA from the AFI Conservatory in 1969, directing the short film Lanton Mills. At the AFI, he established contacts with people such as actor Jack Nicholson, longtime collaborator Jack Fisk, and agent Mike Medavoy and he wrote early uncredited drafts of Dirty Harry and Drive, He Said, and is credited with the screenplay for Pocket Money. Malick was also co-writer of The Gravy Train, under the pseudonym David Whitney, after one of his screenplays, Deadhead Miles, was made into what Paramount Pictures believed was an unreleasable film, Malick decided to direct his own scripts. Malicks first feature-length work as a director was Badlands, an independent film starring Martin Sheen and it was influenced by the crimes of convicted teenage spree killer Charles Starkweather. Malick raised half of the budget by approaching people outside of the industry, including doctors and dentists, the rest was raised by executive producer Edward R. Pressman. After a troubled production that many crew members leaving halfway through the shoot. As a result, Warner Bros. bought distribution rights for three times its budget, Malicks second film was the Paramount-produced Days of Heaven, about a love triangle that develops in the farm country of the Texas Panhandle in the early 20th century
27.
William Goldman
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William Goldman is an American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter. He came to prominence in the 1950s as a novelist, before turning to writing for film and his other notable works include his thriller novel Marathon Man and comedy-fantasy novel The Princess Bride, both of which Goldman adapted for film. Author Sean Egan has described Goldman as one of the late twentieth century’s most popular storytellers. Goldman was born in Chicago and grew up in a Jewish family in the Chicago suburb of Highland Park, Illinois, the son of Marion and Maurice Clarence Goldman, who worked in business. Goldmans father initially was a businessman, working in Chicago and then in partnership. He came home to live and he was in his pajamas for the last five years of his life, Maurice Goldman killed himself while his son was still in high school. Marion Goldmans deafness increased the stress in the home, Goldman received a bachelor of arts degree from Oberlin College in 1952, then went into the army. He knew how to type, so was sent to the Pentagon and he then matriculated at Columbia University, where he earned a master of arts degree in 1956. Throughout all this, Goldman wrote short stories in the evenings, after graduating, Goldman received an offer to teach at a high school and also considered working in advertising. But he really wanted to write, according to his memoir, Adventures in the Screen Trade, Goldman began writing when he took a creative-writing course in college. His grades in the class were horrible and he did not originally intend to become a screenwriter. His main interests were poetry, short stories, and novels, in 1956 he completed an MA thesis at Columbia University on the comedy of manners in America. His brother, James Goldman, who died in 1998, was a playwright and they shared an apartment in New York with their friend John Kander and helped out Kander, a composer, by writing the libretto for his dissertation. All three later won separate Academy Awards, on 25 June 1956 Goldman started writing what became his first novel, The Temple of Gold. It was written in less than three weeks and was picked up for publication and it sold well enough to launch Goldman on his career. Goldman published five novels, and had three plays produced on Broadway, before he began to write screenplays and he wrote mostly serious literary works until the death of his first agent, when he started writing thrillers, the first of which was Marathon Man. Goldman began writing screenplays in his 30s when Cliff Robertson hired him to adapt Flowers for Algernon, later retitled Charly, Robertson then hired him to do some rewriting on Masquerade, which was Goldmans first screen credit. Goldman researched Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid for eight years, after deciding he did not want to write a cowboy novel, he turned the story into his first original screenplay and sold it for a record $400,000 in the late 1960s
28.
Which Lie Did I Tell?
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More Adventures in the Screen Trade is a work of non-fiction first published in 2000 by novelist and screenwriter William Goldman. It is the follow-up to his 1982 book Adventures in the Screen Trade, originally to be called The Big Campfire, the inspiration for the title came when Goldman was in the office of a Hollywood producer who was talking on the phone to one of his associates. Suddenly he cupped his hands over the receiver, snapped his fingers, the book begins with more stories about movies he has been involved with, starting with the period from 1982—when Adventures in the Screen Trade was published—to 1986 when he received no movie work. Other adventures are Misery, The Year of the Comet, Maverick, The Ghost, two films he does not cover are Heat and The Chamber. The next part of the book has Goldman analyzing scenes from various screenplays he admires including Theres Something About Mary, North by Northwest, the next section covers four original story ideas he has had and why he does not want to write any of them. The final section is a screenplay where he examines the writing process. In between chapters are various musings on a range of topics from why not to open a script with a scene to how he sets about adapting a book. More Adventures in the Screen Trade
29.
Brad Pitt
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William Bradley Brad Pitt in Shawnee Oklahoma. He is an American actor and producer and he has received multiple awards and nominations including an Academy Award as producer under his own company Plan B Entertainment. Pitt first gained recognition as a hitchhiker in the road movie Thelma & Louise. His first leading roles in big-budget productions came with the dramas A River Runs Through It and Legends of the Fall, Pitt starred in the cult film Fight Club and the heist film Oceans Eleven and its sequels, Oceans Twelve and Oceans Thirteen. As a public figure, Pitt has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry, as well as the worlds most attractive man and his personal life is also the subject of wide publicity. Divorced from actress Jennifer Aniston, to whom he was married for five years and they have six children together, three of whom were adopted internationally. In September 2016, Jolie filed for divorce from Pitt, William Bradley Pitt was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma, to William Bill Alvin Pitt, manager of a trucking company, and Jane Etta, a school counsellor. The family soon moved to Springfield, Missouri, where he lived together with his siblings, Douglas. Pitt has described Springfield as Mark Twain country, Jesse James country, having grown up with a lot of hills, Pitt attended Kickapoo High School, where he was a member of the golf, swimming and tennis teams. He participated in the schools Key and Forensics clubs, in school debates, following his graduation from high school, Pitt enrolled in the University of Missouri in 1982, majoring in journalism with a focus on advertising. As graduation approached, Pitt did not feel ready to settle down and he loved films—a portal into different worlds for me—and, since films were not made in Missouri, he decided to go to where they were made. Two weeks before earning his degree, Pitt left the university and moved to Los Angeles, while struggling to establish himself in Los Angeles, Pitt took lessons from acting coach Roy London. Pitts acting career began in 1987, with uncredited parts in the films No Way Out, No Mans Land and his television debut came in May 1987 with a two-episode role on the NBC soap opera Another World. In November of the same year Pitt had a guest appearance on the ABC sitcom Growing Pains and he appeared in four episodes of the CBS primetime series Dallas between December 1987 and February 1988 as Randy, the boyfriend of Charlie Wade. Later in 1988, Pitt made a guest appearance on the Fox police drama 21 Jump Street, in the same year, the Yugoslavian–U. S. Co-production The Dark Side of the Sun gave Pitt his first leading film role, the film was shelved at the outbreak of the Croatian War of Independence, and was not released until 1997. He made guest appearances on television series Head of the Class, Freddys Nightmares, Thirtysomething, and Growing Pains. Pitt was cast as Billy Canton, an addict who takes advantage of a young runaway in the 1990 NBC television movie Too Young to Die. the story of an abused teenager sentenced to death for a murder
30.
Leonardo DiCaprio
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Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio is an American actor and film producer. He began his career by starring as Josh in Critters 3. He starred in the adaptation of the memoir This Boys Life. Since 2000, DiCaprio has received acclaim for his work in a wide range of film genres. Edgar, the western Django Unchained, and the period drama The Great Gatsby and he also won his first Academy Award and BAFTA Award for his performance in The Revenant. DiCaprio is the founder of his own company, Appian Way Productions. Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was born on November 11,1974 in Los Angeles and he is the only child of Irmelin, a legal secretary, and George DiCaprio, an underground comics artist and producer/distributor of comic books. DiCaprios father is of Italian and German descent, DiCaprios maternal grandfather, Wilhelm Indenbirken, was German. His maternal grandmother, Helene Indenbirken, was a Russian-born German citizen, in an interview in Russia, DiCaprio referred to himself as half-Russian and said that two of his grandparents were Russian. DiCaprios parents met while attending college and subsequently moved to Los Angeles, DiCaprio was named Leonardo because his pregnant mother was looking at a Leonardo da Vinci painting in a museum in Italy when he first kicked. His parents separated when he was an old, and he lived mostly with his mother. The two lived in several Los Angeles neighborhoods, such as Echo Park and Los Feliz, while his mother worked several jobs, DiCaprio attended Seeds Elementary School and John Marshall High School a few blocks away, after attending the Los Angeles Center for Enriched Studies for four years. However, he dropped out of school following his third year. DiCaprio spent part of his childhood in Germany with his grandparents, Wilhelm. He is conversant in German and Italian, DiCaprios career began with his appearance in several commercials and educational films. In 1990, he got his break on television when he was cast in the series based on the movie Parenthood. After Parenthood, DiCaprio had bit parts on several shows, including The New Lassie and Roseanne, as well as a stint on the soap opera Santa Barbara. His involvement in Parenthood and the daily soap earned him a nomination for the Young Artist Award for Best Young Actor each, released in 1991, the movie went direct-to-video
31.
Kevin Smith
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Kevin Patrick Smith is an American filmmaker, actor, comedian, public speaker, comic book writer, author, and podcaster. He came to prominence with the comedy film Clerks, which he wrote, directed, co-produced. Jay and Silent Bob have appeared in Smiths follow-up films Mallrats, Chasing Amy, Dogma, and Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back which were set primarily in his home state of New Jersey. Smith also directed and produced such as the buddy cop action comedy Cop Out, the horror film Red State, and the horror comedy Tusk. Smith is the owner of Jay and Silent Bobs Secret Stash and he also hosts the movie-review television show Spoilers. As a podcaster, Smith co-hosts several shows on his own SModcast Podcast Network, including SModcast, Fatman on Batman, Smith is well known for participating in long, humorous Q&A sessions that are often filmed for DVD release, beginning with An Evening with Kevin Smith. Kevin Smith was born on August 2,1970 in Red Bank, New Jersey, the son of Grace, a homemaker, and Donald E. Smith and he has an older sister, Virginia, and an older brother, Donald Smith, Jr. He was raised in a Catholic household, in the nearby clamming town of Highlands, as a child, Smiths days were scheduled around Donalds late shifts at the post office. Donald grew to despise his job, which greatly influenced Smith, Smith vowed never to work at something that he did not enjoy. Smith later attended Henry Hudson Regional High School, where as a B and C student, he would videotape school basketball games, an overweight teen, he developed into a comedic observer of life in order to successfully socialize with friends and girls. After high school, Smith attended the New School in New York, but did not graduate On his 21st birthday, Smith went to see Richard Linklaters comedy Slacker. Smith relates, It was the movie that got me off my ass, it was the movie that lit a fire under me, and I had never seen a movie like that before ever in my life. To finance the film, Smith maxed out more than a credit cards and sold his much-treasured comic book collection. He cast friends and acquaintances in the major parts. Clerks was screened at the Sundance Film Festival in 1994, where it won the Filmmakers Trophy, at a restaurant following the screening, Miramax executive Harvey Weinstein invited Smith to join him at his table, where he offered to buy the movie. In May 1994, it went to the Cannes International Film Festival, released in October 1994 in two cities, the film went on to play in 50 markets, never playing on more than fifty screens at any given time. Despite the limited release, it was a critical and financial success, initially, the film received an NC-17 rating from the MPAA, solely for the sexually graphic language. Smiths second film, Mallrats, which marked Jason Lees debut as a leading man and it received a critical drubbing and earned merely $2.2 million at the box office, despite playing on more than 500 screens
32.
Mallrats
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Mallrats is a 1995 American comedy film written and directed by Kevin Smith. It is the film in the View Askewniverse series and prequel to 1994s Clerks. As in the other View Askewniverse films, the characters Jay and Silent Bob feature prominently, several cast members, including Jason Lee, Ben Affleck, and Joey Lauren Adams, have gone on to work in several other Smith films. Comic book icon Stan Lee appeared, as did Brian OHalloran, plans for a sequel, MallBrats, were announced in March 2015. They argue over this and eventually break up, T. S. turns to his best friend Brodie Bruce, who has also broken up with his girlfriend, Rene Mosier, after having an argument, and Brodie suggests the two might find comfort at the local mall. These actions result in the two being pursued by security guard LaFours, but they are able to escape him. Brodie finds out Rene began a relationship with his enemy Shannon Hamilton, Brodie confronts Rene to find out more about her relationship with Shannon, and the two have sex in an elevator. Brodie is later abducted and attacked by Shannon, who intends to have sex with Rene in an uncomfortable place. As a result of this incident, Jay and Silent Bob assault the malls Easter Bunny, brandis father, Jared, who is aware of Brodie and T. Ss presence at the mall, has the two arrested on false charges of drug possession. Jay and Silent Bob are able to rescue Brodie and T. S. and are once again able to evade LaFours, meanwhile, Brodie and T. S. hide out at a local flea market, where they meet fortune teller Ivannah. T. S. decides to win Brandi back and the two return to the mall, before the show begins, Brodie receives advice on romance from Stan Lee, who was visiting the mall. After this, Brodie requests that his friend Tricia Jones retrieve footage of her having sex with Shannon. Meanwhile, T. S. also persuades Jay to get two of the show contestants stoned, which allow him and Brodie to replace them on Truth or Date, joining Gil Hicks. During the show, Brandi recognizes the voices of Brodie and T. S. Brodie tells Brandi that T. S. had spent all day trying to win her back. T. S. then proposes to Brandi, which she accepts, as the police arrive to arrest T. S. and Brodie after the show is over, Silent Bob plays a sex tape of Shannon and Tricia, resulting in his arrest for statutory rape. Brodie and Rene renew their relationship as a result, Jay and Silent Bob are also shown with a monkey named Suzanne, which promises to be another story. After the success of the independent hit Clerks, writer/director Kevin Smith, after a screening of Clerks, producer James Jacks approached them to do another film for Universal Studios. Smith soon finished the script for this new film, and casting began, Jason Lee was cast with no prior acting experience, before the film he was a professional skateboarder
33.
Chasing Amy
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Chasing Amy is a 1997 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Kevin Smith. The film is about a comic artist who falls in love with a lesbian. It is the film in Smiths View Askewniverse series. The film was inspired by a brief scene from an early movie by a friend of Smiths. In Guinevere Turners Go Fish, one of the lesbian characters imagines her friends passing judgment on her for selling out by sleeping with a man, Kevin Smith was dating star Joey Lauren Adams at the time he was writing the script, which was also partly inspired by her. The film won two awards at the 1998 Independent Spirit Awards, Holden McNeil and Banky Edwards are comic book artists and lifelong friends. They meet fellow comic book artist Alyssa Jones at a book convention in New York City. Holden is attracted to Alyssa, but soon learns that she is a lesbian, the two begin hanging out, and a deep friendship develops. Eventually, Holden is no longer able to contain his feelings and she is initially angry with him, but that night, the two begin a romantic relationship. This new development worsens the tension between Holden and Banky, who hates and mistrusts Alyssa and is disturbed by her and Holdens relationship. Banky investigates and uncovers dirt on Alyssas past, and he reports to Holden that Alyssa participated in a threesome with two guys during high school, which gave her the nickname Finger Cuffs. Holden is deeply upset by this revelation, having believed that he is the first man Alyssa had ever slept with. He angrily confronts Alyssa while attending a game, and clumsily attempts baiting her into confessing. During a tearful argument, she tells Holden about her many youthful sexual experimentations and she apologizes for letting him believe that he was the only man she had been with. However, she refuses to apologize for her past, and Holden leaves feeling disillusioned, later, during lunch with Jay and Silent Bob, Silent Bob reveals that he was once in a relationship similar to Holdens. Despite the fact that he was in love with his girlfriend, Amy, his neurosis about her adventurous sexual past caused him to sabotage the relationship, angry at himself for letting her go, he has spent every day since then chasing Amy, so to speak. Moved by Silent Bobs story, Holden devises a plan to fix both his relationship with Alyssa and his friendship with Banky. He invites them both over and tells Alyssa that he would like to get over her past and remain her boyfriend and he also tells Banky that he realizes that Banky is in love with him—kissing him passionately to prove the point
34.
Baskin-Robbins
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Baskin-Robbins is the worlds largest chain of ice cream specialty shop restaurants. Based in Canton, Massachusetts, it was founded in 1945 by Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins in Glendale, the company is known for its 31 flavors slogan, with the idea that a customer could have a different flavor every day of any month. The slogan came from the Carson-Roberts advertising agency in 1953, Baskin and Robbins believed that people should be able to sample flavors until they found one they wanted to buy. The company has introduced more than 1,000 flavors since 1945, Baskin-Robbins was founded in 1945 by brothers-in-law Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins from the merging of their respective ice cream parlors, in Glendale, California. Baskin-Robbins sells ice cream in nearly 50 countries, the company has been headquartered in Canton, Massachusetts since 2004 after moving from Randolph, Massachusetts. The Baskin-Robbins ice cream parlors started as separate ventures of Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins, Snowbird Ice Cream offered 21 flavors, a novel concept at that time. When the separate companies merged in 1953, the number of flavors was expanded to 31 flavors, by 1948, Burt and Irv had opened six stores. The first franchise covering the sale of ice cream was executed May 20,1948 for the store at 1130 South Adams in Glendale, in 1949, the company’s production facility opened in Burbank. Burt and Irv made the decision to sell the stores to the managers, in 1953, Baskin-Robbins hired Carson-Roberts Advertising who recommended adoption of the number 31 as well as the pink and brown polka dots and typeface that were reminiscent of the circus. The first store that adopted the new 31 look was 804 North Glendale Ave. in Glendale, between 1949 and 1962, the corporate firm was Huntington Ice Cream Company. The name succeeded The Baskin-Robbins Partnership and was changed back to Baskin-Robbins. In the 1970s, the chain went international, opening stores in Japan, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Baskin-Robbins also was the first to introduce ice cream cakes to the public. Baskin-Robbins often still incorporates 31 in its promotions despite offering more flavors, for example, in Malaysia this includes giving 31% off their hand-packed ice cream on the 31st of a month, which invariably causes queues at their outlets. Baskin-Robbins was owned by its founders until it was acquired in 1967 by the United Brands Company, in 1972, the company went public for the first time in its history when United Brands sold 17% in an IPO. A year later, British food company J. Lyons and Co. purchased Baskin-Robbins from United Brands, J. Lyons then merged with Allied Breweries, becoming Allied-Lyons in 1978. Allied-Lyons then merged with Pedro Domecq S. A. in 1994, Baskin-Robbins and Dunkin Donuts comprise Dunkin Brands, Inc. Dunkin Brands was part of Allied Domecq until its purchase in 2006 by a group of private equity firms - Bain Capital, Thomas Lee, in August 2012, Dunkin Brands became completely independent of the private equity firms. In 2008, Baskin-Robbins launched its first full menu of frozen treats called BRight Choices
35.
Dunkin' Donuts
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Dunkin Donuts is an American global donut company and coffeehouse chain based in Canton, Massachusetts, in Greater Boston. It was founded in 1950 by William Rosenberg in Quincy, Massachusetts, since its founding, the company has grown to become one of the largest coffee and baked goods chains in the world, with more than 12,000 restaurants in 36 countries. The chains products include donuts, bagels, other baked goods, before 1990, Dunkin Donuts primary competitor was Mister Donut, but in February of that year Mister Donut was acquired by Dunkin Donuts owner Allied-Lyons. After the acquisition of Mister Donut by Allied-Lyons, all Mister Donut stores in North America were offered the chance to change their name to Dunkin Donuts, as of 2014, Dunkin Donuts is owned by Dunkin Brands Inc. which also owns Baskin-Robbins and previously owned the Togos chain. In 1948, William Rosenberg opened Open Kettle, a restaurant selling donuts and coffee in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1950, the restaurant was given the name Dunkin Donuts. Rosenberg conceived of the idea for the restaurant after his experiences selling food in factories and at construction sites, the restaurant was successful, and Rosenberg sold franchises of Dunkin Donuts to others starting in 1955. In 1963, Rosenberg’s son Robert became CEO of the company at the age of 25, in that same year, Dunkin’ Donuts opened its 100th location. Dunkin Donuts was at the time a subsidiary of Universal Food Systems, and Dunkin Donuts locations varied greatly, with some selling full breakfasts and other food and others serving only donuts and coffee. In the following years, the businesses in the Universal Food Systems portfolio were sold or closed. The menu and shop format were standardized, and various new items were introduced. In 1990, Allied Lyons, which already owned Baskin-Robbins, purchased Dunkin Donuts, by 1998, the brand had grown to 2,500 locations worldwide with $2 billion in annual sales. In 2006, Dunkin Donuts began using the slogan America Runs on Dunkin which continues to be used in advertisement campaigns. By 2010, Dunkin Donuts global system-wide sales were $6 billion, in 2012, Dunkin Donuts launched an application for payment and gifting for iPhone, iPod touch, and Android smartphones. Dunkin Donuts has several varieties of donuts, however, only 8% of the chains sales are donuts, 65% are drinks, and 27% are other food items. There are also ice coffees, lattes, and macchiatos that can have such as caramel, hazelnut. Seasonal flavors are also presented to customers for a duration of time. During the fall, customers can also choose pumpkin or salted caramel as a flavor, during the winter, customers can have peppermint hot chocolate. Since October 18,2007, Dunkin Donuts locations in the United States have reduced trans fats from their menu items by switching to a blend of oils, palm, soybean, international locations are expected to adopt the change over time
36.
Mel Gibson
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Mel Colmcille Gerard Gibson AO is an American actor and filmmaker. He was born in Peekskill, New York, and moved with his parents to Sydney, Australia and he studied acting at the Australian National Institute of Dramatic Art. During the 1980s, he founded Icon Entertainment, a company which independent film director Atom Egoyan has called. Director Peter Weir cast him as one of the leads in the critically acclaimed World War I drama Gallipoli, the film also helped to earn Gibson the reputation of a serious, versatile actor. He later directed and produced the successful and controversial, biblical drama film The Passion of the Christ. He received further critical notice for his work of the action-adventure film Apocalypto. Gibson was born in Peekskill, New York, the sixth of eleven children, and the son of Hutton Gibson, a writer. One of Gibsons younger brothers, Donal, is also an actor, because of his mother, Gibson retains dual Irish and American citizenship. Mel was twelve years old at the time, Gibson was educated by members of the Congregation of Christian Brothers at St Leos Catholic College in Wahroonga, New South Wales, during his high school years. Gibson gained very favorable notices from critics when he first entered the cinematic scene. In 1982, Vincent Canby wrote that Mr. Gibson recalls the young Steve McQueen, I cant define star quality, but whatever it is, Mr. Gibson has it. Gibson has also likened to a combination Clark Gable and Humphrey Bogart. Gibsons roles in the Mad Max series of films, Peter Weirs Gallipoli, later, Gibson expanded into a variety of acting projects including human dramas such as Hamlet, and comedic roles such as those in Maverick and What Women Want. He expanded beyond acting into directing and producing, with, The Man Without a Face, in 1993, Braveheart, in 1995, The Passion of the Christ, in 2004, jess Cagle of Time compared Gibson with Cary Grant, Sean Connery, and Robert Redford. Connery once suggested Gibson should play the next James Bond to Connerys M. Gibson turned down the role, Gibson studied at the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney. The students at NIDA were classically trained in the British-theater tradition rather than in preparation for screen acting. As students, Gibson and actress Judy Davis played the leads in Romeo and Juliet, and Gibson played the role of Queen Titania in an experimental production of A Midsummer Nights Dream. After graduation in 1977, Gibson immediately began work on the filming of Mad Max, but continued to work as a stage actor, and joined the State Theatre Company of South Australia in Adelaide
37.
Michael Mann
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Michael Kenneth Mann is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer of film and television. His most acclaimed works are the crime film Heat and the docudrama The Insider, Mann was born on February 5,1943 in Chicago, Illinois, of Jewish ancestry, the son of grocers Esther and Jack Mann. He received a B. A. in English at the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he developed interests in history, philosophy and it was at this time that he saw Stanley Kubricks Dr. Strangelove and fell in love with movies. So thats what Kubrick meant, aside from the fact that Strangelove was a revelation and his daughter Ami Canaan Mann is also a film director and producer. Mann later moved to London in the mid 1960s to go to school in cinema. He went on to receive a degree at the London Film School. He spent seven years in the United Kingdom going to school and then working on commercials along with contemporaries Alan Parker, Ridley Scott. Mann returned to United States after divorcing his first wife in 1971 and he went on to direct a road trip documentary,17 Days Down the Line. Three years later, Hawaii Five-O veteran Robert Lewin gave Mann a shot, Mann wrote four episodes of Starsky and Hutch and the pilot episode for Vega$. Around this time, he worked on a show called Police Story with cop-turned-novelist Joseph Wambaugh, Police Story concentrated on the detailed realism of a real cops life and taught Mann that first-hand research was essential to bring authenticity to his work. His first feature movie was a special called The Jericho Mile. It won the Emmy for best MOW in 1979 and the DGA Best Director award and his television work also includes being the executive producer on Miami Vice and Crime Story. Contrary to popular belief, he was not the creator of these shows and they were produced by his production company and his cinematic influence is felt throughout each show in terms of casting and style. Mann is now known primarily as a film director. In terms of sound, he is known for unusual scores, dante Spinotti is a frequent cinematographer of Manns pictures. His next film The Keep, a thriller set in Nazi-occupied Romania, was an uncharacteristic choice. Though it was a flop, the film has since attained cult status amongst fans. He gained widespread recognition in 1992 for his adaptation of James Fenimore Coopers novel into the epic film Last of the Mohicans
