1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Olivia Newton-John
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Olivia Newton-John, AO, OBE is a British-Australian singer, songwriter and actress. She is a four-time Grammy award winner who has amassed five number-one and ten other Top Ten Billboard Hot 100 singles, eleven of her singles and fourteen of her albums have been certified gold by the RIAA. She has sold an estimated 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the worlds best-selling artists of all time and she starred in Grease, which featured one of the most successful soundtracks in Hollywood history. Newton-John has been a long-time activist for environmental and animal rights issues, since surviving breast cancer in 1992, she has been an advocate for health awareness becoming involved with various charities, health products and fundraising efforts. Her business interests have included launching several product lines for Koala Blue and she is the mother of one daughter, Chloe Rose Lattanzi, with her first husband, actor Matt Lattanzi. Her second husband is John Easterling, Newton-John was born in Cambridge, England, to Irene Helene, the eldest child of the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Max Born and Welsh father, Brinley Bryn Newton-John. Her mothers family had left Germany before World War II to avoid the Nazi regime and she is a third cousin of comedian Ben Elton. Her maternal great-grandfather was jurist Victor Ehrenberg and her matrilineal great-grandmothers father was jurist Rudolf von Jhering. Newton-John is the youngest of three children, following brother Hugh, a doctor, and sister Rona, an actress who was married to Grease co-star Jeff Conaway from 1980 until their divorce in 1985. Newton-Johns father was an MI5 officer on the Enigma project at Bletchley Park who took Rudolf Hess into custody during the Second World War. In 1954, when she was six, Newton-Johns family emigrated to Melbourne, Australia and she attended Christ Church Grammar School, and then University High School, adjacent to Ormond College. At fourteen, Newton-John formed a short-lived all-girl group, Sol Four and she became a regular on local Australian radio and television shows including HSV-7s The Happy Show where she performed as Lovely Livvy. She also appeared on the Go Show where she met future partner, Pat Carroll. Newton-John was initially reluctant to use the prize she had won, a trip to Britain, Newton-John recorded her first single, Till You Say Youll Be Mine Forever, in Britain for Decca Records in 1966. While in Britain, Newton-John missed her then-boyfriend, Ian Turpie, with whom she had co-starred in the Australian telefilm, Newton-John repeatedly booked trips back to Australia that her mother subsequently cancelled. Newton-Johns outlook changed when Pat Carroll also moved to the UK, the two formed a duo called Pat and Olivia and toured nightclubs in Europe. After Carrolls visa expired forcing her to return to Australia, Newton-John remained in Britain to pursue solo work until 1975 and she became engaged to The Shadows guitarist Bruce Welch, but they never married. Newton-John was recruited for the group Toomorrow formed by American producer Don Kirshner, in 1970, the group starred in a science fiction musical film and recorded an accompanying soundtrack album both named after the group
3.
Walgreens
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The Walgreen Company is an American company which operates as the second-largest pharmacy store chain in the United States behind CVS Health. It specializes in filling prescriptions, health and wellness products, health information, as of August 31,2016, the company operated 8,175 stores in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands. It was founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1901, the Walgreens headquarters office is in the Chicago suburb of Deerfield, Illinois. In 2014, the agreed to purchase the remaining 55% of Switzerland-based Alliance Boots that it did not already own to form a global business. Under the terms of the purchase, the two merged to form a new holding company, Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. on December 31,2014. Walgreens became a subsidiary of the new company, which retains its Deerfield headquarters, Walgreens began in 1901, with a drug store on the corner of Bowen Ave and Cottage Grove in Chicago, owned by Galesburg native Charles R. Walgreen, Sr. By 1913, Walgreens had grown to four stores on Chicagos South Side and it opened its fifth in 1915, and four more in 1916. By 1919, there were 20 stores in the chain, as a result of alcohol prohibition, the 1920s was a successful time for Walgreens. Although alcohol was illegal, prescription whiskey was available and sold by Walgreens, in 1922, the company introduced a malted milkshake, which led to its establishing ice cream manufacturing plants. The next year, Walgreen began opening stores away from residential areas, in the mid-1920s, there were 44 stores with annual sales of $1,200,000. Walgreens had expanded into Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin, by 1930, it had 397 stores with annual sales of US$4,000,000. This expansion partly was attributed to selling alcohol, mainly whiskey, the stock market crash in October 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression did not greatly affect the company. In 1934, Walgreens was operating in 30 states with 601 stores, after Charles Walgreen, Sr. died in 1939, his son Charles R. Walgreen took over the chain until his retirement. The Charles R. Walgreen years were prosperous, but lacked the massive expansion seen in the early part of the century. Charles Cork R. Walgreen III took over after Walgreen Jr. s retirement in the early 1950s, the Walgreen family was not involved in senior management of the company for a short time following Walgreen IIIs retirement. In 1986, it acquired the MediMart chain from Stop & Shop, in 1995, Kevin P. Walgreen was made a vice-president and promoted to Senior Vice President - Store Operations in 2006. On July 12,2006, David Bernauer stepped down as CEO of Walgreens, greg Wasson, former President of Walgreens Health Services, was named President and Chief Operations Officer. On October 10,2008, Rein abruptly quit as CEO, replaced by Alan G. McNally as Chairman, on January 26,2009, Gregory Wasson was named CEO, effective February 1,2009
4.
Sitar
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The sitar is a plucked stringed instrument used mainly in Hindustani music and Indian classical music. The sitar flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries and arrived at its present form in 18th century India and it derives its distinctive timbre and resonance from sympathetic strings, bridge design, a long hollow neck and a gourd-shaped resonance chamber. In appearance, the sitar is similar to the tanpura, except that it has frets, used widely throughout the Indian subcontinent, the sitar became popularly known in the wider world through the works of Ravi Shankar, beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The word sitar originally derived from Sanskrit words saptatantri veena, which later was called as saat taar which eventually became sitar, another source might be from Persian seh + tar, literally meaning three strings. The instrument is thought to have been a version of the Veena, another prominent instrument in Carnatic and Hindustani music, altered in order to conform with Mughal tastes. The sitar flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries and arrived at its present form in 18th century India, in his Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya, Lalmani Misra traces the instruments development from the Tritantri veena through the nibaddh and anibaddh Tamburas also called tanbur and later the jantra. Construction of the similar tanpura was described by Tansen, a sitar can have 18,19,20, or 21 strings. The frets are movable, allowing fine tuning, the Gandhaar-pancham sitar has six playable strings, whereas the Kharaj-pancham sitar, used in the Maihar gharana, to which Ravi Shankar belonged, and other gharanas such as Bishnupur, has seven. Three of these, called the chikaari, simply provide a drone, the instrument has two bridges, the large bridge for the playing and drone strings and the small bridge for the sympathetic strings. Its timbre results from the way the strings interact with the wide, as a string reverberates its length changes slightly as its edge touches the bridge, promoting the creation of overtones and giving the sound its distinctive tone. The maintenance of this specific tone by shaping the bridge is called jawari, many musicians rely on instrument makers to adjust this. The bridges are fixed to the resonating chamber, or kaddu. Some sitars have a resonator, the tumbaa, near the top of the hollow neck. Materials used in construction include teak wood or tun wood, which is a variation of mahogany, for the neck and faceplate, the instruments bridges are made of deer horn, ebony, or very occasionally from camel bone. Synthetic material is now common as well, there are three popular modern styles of sitar offered in a variety of sub-styles and decorative patterns. The two popular styles are the gayaki style sitars and the full decorated instrumental style sitars, the gayaki style sitar is mostly of seasoned toon wood, with very few or no carved decorations. It often has a dark polish, the inlay decorations are mostly of mother of pearl. The number of strings is often limited to eleven but may extend to thirteen
5.
Standing bell
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Singing bowls are a type of bell, specifically classified as a standing bell. Singing bowls are used worldwide for meditation, music, relaxation, Singing bowls were historically made throughout Asia, especially Nepal, China and Japan. They are closely related to decorative bells made along the Silk Road from the Near East to Western Asia, today they are made in Nepal, India, Japan, China and Korea. In some Buddhist practices, singing bowls are used as a signal to begin, some practitioners use the singing bowl to accompany the wooden fish during chanting, striking it when a particular phrase is chanted. In Japan and Vietnam, singing bowls are used during chanting and may also mark the passage of time or signal a change in activity. In Japan, singing bowls are used in funeral rites. Every Japanese temple holds a singing bowl, Singing bowls are found on altars and in meditation rooms worldwide. There arent any traditional texts about singing bowls so far as we know, all known references to them are strictly modern. However, a few pieces of art dating from several centuries ago depict singing bowls in detail, including Tibetan paintings, some Tibetan rinpoches and monks use singing bowls in monasteries and meditation centers today. Singing bowls from at least the 15th century are found in private collections, bronze bells from Asia have been discovered as early as the 8th–10th century BC and singing bowls are thought to go back in the Himalayas to the 10th-12th century AD. Singing bowls are played by striking the rim of the bowl with a padded mallet and they can also be played by the friction of rubbing a wood, plastic, or leather wrapped mallet around the rim of the bowl to emphasize the harmonic overtones and a continuous singing sound. Both antique and new bowls are used as an aid to meditation. They are also used in yoga, music therapy, sound healing, religious services, performance, antique singing bowls produce harmonic overtones creating an effect that is unique to the instrument. The subtle yet complex multiple harmonic frequencies are a special quality caused by variations in the shape of the hand made singing bowls and they may display abstract decorations like lines, rings and circles engraved into the surface. Decoration may appear outside the rim, inside the bottom, around the top of the rim, Singing bowls are still manufactured today in the traditional way as well as with modern manufacturing techniques. New bowls may be plain or decorated and they sometimes feature religious iconography and spiritual motifs and symbols, such as the Tibetan mantra Om mani padme hum, images of Buddhas, and Ashtamangala. New singing bowls are made in two processes, hand hammering is the traditional method of creating singing bowls which is still used to make new bowls. The modern method is by sand casting and then machine lathing, machine lathing can be done only with brass, so machine lathed singing bowls are made with modern techniques and modern brass alloy
6.
Tabla
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The tabla is a South Asian membranophone percussion instrument consisting of a pair of drums, used in traditional, classical, popular and folk music. It has been an important instrument in Hindustani classical music since the 18th century, and remains in use in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh. The name tabla likely comes from tabl, the Persian and Arabic word for drum, the tabla consists of two single headed, barrel shaped small drums of slightly different size and shapes, daya also called dahina meaning right, and baya also called bahina meaning left. The daya tabla is played by the right hand, and is about 15 centimetres in diameter and 25 centimetres high. The baya tabla is a bit bigger and deep kettledrum shaped, each is made of hollowed out wood or clay or brass, the daya drum laced with hoops, thongs and wooden dowels on its sides. The dowels and hoops are used to tighten the tension of the membrane, the daya is tuned to the ground note of the raga called Sa. The baya construction and tuning is about a fifth to an octave below that of the daya drum, the musician uses his hands heel pressure to change the pitch and tone color of each drum during a performance. In the Hindustani style tabla is played in two ways, band bol and khula bol, in the sense of classical music it is termed tali and khali. It is one of the main instrument used by Sufi musicians of Bangladesh, Pakistan. The tabla is also an important instrument in the bhakti devotional traditions of Hinduism and Sikhism, the history of tabla is unclear, and there are multiple theories regarding its origins. There are two groups of theories, one that traces its origins to Muslim and Moghul invaders of the Indian subcontinent, the first theory, very common during the colonial period scholarship, is based on the etymological links of the word tabla to Arabic word tabl which means drum. They would beat these drums to scare the residents, the armies, their elephants and chariots. Babur, the Turk founder of the Mughal Empire, is known to have used these paired drums carrying battalions in their military campaigns. However, this theory has had the flaw that the war drums did not look or sound anything like tabla, they were large paired drums and were called naqqara. The second version of the Arab theory is that Amir Khusraw, a musician patronized by Sultan Alauddin Khilji invented the tabla when he cut an Awaj drum and this is, however, unlikely, as no painting or sculpture or document dated to his period supports it with evidence. For example, Abul Fazi included a long list of instruments in his Ain-i-akbari written in the time of the 16th century Mughal Emperor Akbar. Abul Fazis list makes no mention of tabla, however, scholars such as Neil Sorrell and Ram Narayan state that this legend of cutting a pakhawaj drum into two to make tabla drums cannot be given any credence. The second theory traces the origin of tabla to indigenous ancient influences and this version states that this musical instrument acquired a new Arabic name during the Islamic rule, but it is an evolution of the ancient puskara drums
7.
Dizi (instrument)
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The dizi, is a Chinese transverse flute. It is also known as the di or héngdi, and has varieties including the qǔdi and bāngdi. These names are likely to have multiple spellings, too, depending on the used to convert from Chinese names. Nonetheless, dizi seems to be the most common used in the West. The dizi is a major Chinese musical instrument, and is used in many genres of Chinese folk music, as well as Chinese opera. Traditionally, the dizi has also been popular among the Chinese common people, most dizi are made of bamboo, which explains why dizi are sometimes known by simple names such as Chinese bamboo flute. However, bamboo is perhaps more of a Chinese instrument classification like woodwind in the West, Northern Chinese dizi are made from purple or violet bamboo, while dizi made in Suzhou and Hangzhou are made from white bamboo. Dizi produced in southern Chinese regions such as Chaozhou are often made of slender, lightweight. Although bamboo is the material for the dizi, it is also possible to find dizi made from other kinds of wood. The dizi is not the only bamboo flute of China, although it is certainly distinctive, other Chinese bamboo wind instruments include the vertical end-blown xiao and the koudi. There are many suggestions for the source of dizi, while legend suggest it was the invention of the Yellow Emperor, who wanted to make the bamboo a musical instrument, others suggest that dizi was imported into China during the Han Dynasty. Recently, archaeologists have discovered evidence suggesting that the simple transverse flutes have been present in China for over 9,000 years, fragments of bone flutes from this period are still playable today, and are remarkably similar to modern versions in terms of hole placement, etc. The Jiahu neolithic site in central Henan province of China has yielded flutes dating back to 7,000 BC -5,000 BC that could represent the earliest playable instruments ever found. These flutes were carved with five to eight holes, and is capable of producing varied sounds in a nearly accurate octave. The dizi as we know it today dates to the 5th century BC. There are examples of bamboo dizi that date back to 2nd century BC that has been found and these flutes share common features of other simple flutes from cultures all around the world, including the ney, an end-blown cane flute which was depicted in Egyptian paintings and stone carvings. In fact, recent archeological discoveries in Africa suggest that the history of such flutes may date back a long way in human history indeed. Traditionally dizi is made by using a piece of bamboo
8.
Bansuri
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A bansuri is a side blown flute found in many parts of India and Nepal, and a musical instrument that is common in the North Indian or Hindustani classical music. It is an aerophone produced from bamboo, and a flute is called Venu in the South Indian or Carnatic classical music. The bansuri flute is an ancient musical instrument of the Indian subcontinent and it is called nadi and tunava in the Rigveda and other Vedic texts of Hinduism. Its importance and operation is discussed in the Sanskrit text Natya Shastra, a bansuri is traditionally made from a single hollow shaft of bamboo with six or eight finger holes, but modern designs come in ivory, fiberglass and various metals. The six hole instrument covers two and a half octaves of music, the bansuri is typically between 30 centimetres and 75 centimetres in length, and the thickness of a human thumb. One end is closed, and few centimeters from the end is its blow hole. Longer bansuris feature deeper tones and lower pitches, the traditional design features no mechanical keys, and the musician creates the notes she wants by tapping the various finger holes. The bansuri-like flute is depicted in ancient Buddhist, Hindu and Jaina temple paintings and reliefs and it is intimately linked to the love story of Krishna and Radha. The bansuri is revered as Lord Krishnas divine instrument and is associated with Krishnas Rasa lila dance. These legends sometimes use alternate names for this instrument, such as the murali. However, the instrument is common among other traditions such as Shaivism. The word bansuri originates in the bans + sur, a phonetically similar same for the same instrument, in early medieval texts, is the Sanskrit word vamsi which is derived from root vamsa meaning bamboo. A flute player in these texts is called vamsika. According to Ardal Powell, flute is an instrument found in numerous ancient cultures. There are three legendary and archeologically verifiable birthplace sites of flutes, Egypt, Greece and India, of these, the transverse flute appeared only in ancient India, while the fipple flutes are found in all three. It is likely, states Powell, that the modern Indian bansuri has not changed much since the medieval era. The early medieval Indian bansuri was, however, influential, the flute is discussed as an important musical instrument in the Natya Shastra, the classic Sanskrit text on music and performance arts. The flute is mentioned in many Hindu texts on music and singing, as complementary to the human sound and Veena
9.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
10.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
11.
Tin whistle
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It is a type of fipple flute, putting it in the same class as the recorder, Native American flute, and other woodwind instruments that meet such criteria. A tin whistle player is called a tin whistler or simply a whistler, the tin whistle is closely associated with Celtic music. The tin whistle in its form is from a wider family of fipple flutes which have been seen in many forms. In Europe such instruments have a long and distinguished history and take various forms, most widely known of these are the recorder, tin whistle, Flabiol, Txistu and tabor pipe. Almost all primitive cultures had a type of flute and is most likely the first pitched flute type instrument in existence. A possible Neanderthal fipple flute from Slovenia dates from 81, 000-53,000 B. C. a German flute from 35,000 years ago, written sources that describe a fipple-type flute include the Roman and Greek aulos and tibia. In the early Middle Ages peoples of northern Europe were playing the instrument as seen in 3rd-century British bone flutes, and Irish Brehon Law describes flute like instrument. The term flageolet is still preferred by modern tin whistle who feel this better describes the instrument, as this characterises a wide variety of fipple flutes. Down to 1900, they were marketed as Clarke London Flageolets or Clarke Flageolets. The whistles fingering system is similar to that of the six hole, simple system English flutes, the six hole, diatonic system is also used on baroque flutes, and was of course well known before Robert Clarke began producing his tin whistles. Clarkes first whistle, the Meg, was pitched in high A and was made in other keys suitable for Victorian parlour music. The company showed the whistles in The Great Exhibition of 1851, the Clark tin whistle is voiced somewhat on an organ-pipe with a flattened tube forming the lip of the fipple mouthpiece and is usually made from rolled tin sheet or brass. Manufactured tin whistles became available no earlier than 1840, and were mass-produced, as the penny whistle was generally considered a toy it has been suggested that children or street musicians were paid a penny by those who heard them playing the whistle. However, in reality the instrument was so called because it could be purchased for a penny, the name tin-whistle was also coined as early as 1825. But neither the tin whistle nor the penny whistle name seems to have been common until the 20th century, the instrument became popular in several musical traditions namely, English, Scottish, Irish and American traditional music. Due to its affordability the tin whistle was a household instrument. In the second half of the 19th century, some manufacturers such as Barnett Samuel. These had a brass tube
12.
Jupiter, Florida
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Jupiter is the northernmost town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. According to the 2015 Census Bureau estimate, the town had a population of 62,707. It is one of the northernmost communities of the Miami metropolitan area and it was rated as the 9th Happiest Seaside Town in America by Coastal Living in 2012. The area where the town now sits was named for the Hobe Indian tribe which lived at the mouth of the Loxahatchee River. A mapmaker misunderstood the Spanish spelling Jobe of the Indian name Hobe, subsequent mapmakers further misunderstood this to be the Latin translation of the god Jupiter, and they anglicized the name from Jove to Jupiter. The Roman god Jupiter is the chief Roman god, and god of light, of the sky and weather, jupiters consort was Juno, inspiring a neighboring town to name itself Juno Beach. The most notable landmark is the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse, completed in 1860, made of brick, it was painted red in 1910 to cover discoloration caused by humidity. Hurricane Jeanne in 2004 sandblasted the paint from the portion of the tower. The lighthouse is used as the symbol for Jupiter. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 21.1 square miles. Jupiter has a Tropical savanna climate, much of the year is warm to hot in Jupiter, and frost is very rare. As is typical in Florida, there are two seasons in Jupiter, a mild and dry winter, and a hot and wet summer. Daily thundershowers are common in the hot season, though they are brief, the city of Jupiter is home to many tropical and subtropical plants and trees, and the city is known for its lush landscaping around private homes and public parks. As of 2010, there were 29,825 households out of which 19. 8% were vacant. In 2000,26. 6% had children under the age of 18 living with them,55. 8% are married couples living together,8. 4% have a householder with no husband present. 25. 8% of all households are made up of individuals and 10. 4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older, the median age is 42 years. For every 100 females there are 97.2 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.2 males. In 2000, the income for a household in the town is $54,945
