1.
161st Street (Bronx)
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161st Street is a short, major thoroughfare in the southern portion of the Bronx. The road is 1.6 miles long and is a much used access to Yankee Stadium on its north side, the 20th-century Yankee Stadium was on the south side of the street. The road begins in the west at an intersection with Jerome Avenue, a thoroughfare in the Bronx, and Woodycrest Avenue. The road is one of the widest in the Bronx, until the Sheridan Avenue intersection, East 161st Street ends at Elton Avenue. However, the road continues eastward in parts, ending at Hewitt Place, East 161st Street was Cedar Street from the Harlem River to Grand Concourse. It was named after a property built in 1840 called The Cedars, in the village of Melrose, East 161st was known as William Street. From Third Avenue to Prospect Avenue, East 161st Street was known as Grove Hill and was renamed later as Cliff Street, West 161st Street begins at an intersection with Woodycrest Avenue and Jerome Avenue in the Bronx. The road passes a parking lot to the south and crosses under the Macombs Dam Bridge soon after, after the intersection with Ruppert Place, West 161st passes the south side of Yankee Stadium. Just after Yankee Stadium, River Avenue crosses over West 161st Street, at this intersection is the only subway station on East 161st Street. East 161st is then split by a used for parking. Grand Concourse, a thoroughfare in the Bronx intersects soon after. After the Melrose Avenue intersection, the first section of East 161st Street comes to an end as the road continues as Elton Avenue, the second section of East 161st, a one-way street in the opposite direction. The section begins at an intersection with Third Avenue, intersects with Brook Avenue, the third section of East 161st Street begins at Third Avenue, just south of the second section. This one is a half-mile, stretching from Third Avenue to Prospect Avenue, the final, easternmost section begins at an intersection at Westchester Avenue and ends at Hewitt Place, a short connector. There is one station along the whole length of West/East 161st Streets. It is located at the intersection of River Avenue and West/East 161st Streets and it serves the 4 B D trains. The station was opened in 1917 for the Woodlawn Line of the IRT, the second part was opened in 1933 for the IND Concourse Line. This are the subway stations for Yankee Stadium
2.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
3.
New York City Department of Transportation
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The New York City Department of Transportation is the agency of the government of New York City responsible for the management of much of New York Citys transportation infrastructure. Polly Trottenberg is the current Commissioner of the Department of Transportation, the Department of Transportations responsibilities include day-to-day maintenance of the citys streets, highways, bridges and sidewalks. The Department of Transportation is also responsible for installing and maintaining the citys street signs, traffic signals, DOT supervises street resurfacing, pothole repair, parking meter installation and maintenance, and the management of a municipal parking facilities. DOT also operates the Staten Island Ferry, DOT is also responsible for oversight of transportation-related issues, such as authorizing jitney van services and permits for street construction. DOT also advocates for safety issues, including promotion of pedestrian. Its regulations are compiled in title 34 of the New York City Rules, the agencys portfolio includes most of the East River and Harlem River bridges, as well as smaller bridges throughout the city. Other agencies that operate road bridges in New York include the MTA, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the New York State DOT
4.
Bronx
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The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, within the U. S. state of New York. Since 1914, the Bronx has had the boundaries as Bronx County, a county of New York. The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a section in the west, closer to Manhattan. East and west street addresses are divided by Jerome Avenue—the continuation of Manhattans Fifth Avenue, the West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914, about a quarter of the Bronxs area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo in the boroughs north and center. These open spaces are situated primarily on land reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed north. The name Bronx originated with Jonas Bronck, who established the first settlement in the area as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639, the native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop. The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a decline in population, livable housing, and the quality of life in the late 1960s. Since then the communities have shown significant redevelopment starting in the late 1980s before picking up pace from the 1990s until today, the Bronx was called Rananchqua by the native Siwanoy band of Lenape, while other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck. It was divided by the Aquahung River, the origin of Jonas Bronck is contested. Some sources claim he was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden, who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the now known as the Bronx and built a farm named Emmanus close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem. He eventually accumulated 500 acres between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which known as Broncks River or the Bronx. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Broncks Land, the American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Broncks son or his younger brother. More recent research indicates that Pieter was probably Jonas nephew or cousin, the Bronx is referred to with the definite article as The Bronx, both legally and colloquially. The region was named after the Bronx River and first appeared in the Annexed District of The Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County
5.
Interstate 87 (New York)
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Interstate 87 is a 333. 49-mile-long Interstate Highway located entirely within the U. S. state of New York, and is part of the main highway between New York City and Montreal. The highway begins in the Bronx borough of New York City, from there, the route runs northward through the Hudson Valley, the Capital District, and the easternmost part of the North Country to the Canadian border in the Town of Champlain. At its north end, I-87 continues into Quebec as Autoroute 15, I-87 connects with several regionally important roads, I-95 in New York City, New York State Route 17 near Harriman, I-84 near Newburgh, and I-90 in Albany. The route is the longest intrastate Interstate Highway in the Interstate Highway System, I-87 was assigned in 1957 as part of the establishment of the Interstate Highway System. North of Albany, I-87 follows the Adirondack Northway, a built in stages between 1957 and 1967. Early proposals for I-87 called for the route to take a more easterly course through the Hudson Valley and these plans were scrapped in 1970 when I-87 was realigned onto the Thruway between Westchester County and Newburgh. I-87 is part of a strategic corridor between New York City, the largest metropolitan area in the U. S. and Montreal. Motorists can connect to multiple highways on I-87 to travel south along I-95 through the mid-Atlantic states. I-87 begins in the Bronx at the approach to the Triborough Bridge. The route heads west from the interchange, paralleling loosely with the Harlem River through Mott Haven, after 1 mile, the highway makes a turn to the north, mirroring a change in the nearby rivers course. It passes by Yankee Stadium on its way to Highbridge, where the Deegan connects to the Cross Bronx Expressway at the approach to the Alexander Hamilton Bridge. The Deegan remains in close proximity to the Harlem River until the waterway turns westward at Kingsbridge to form the edge of Manhattan. North of Kingsbridge, I-87 generally follows an alignment, passing through the center of Van Cortlandt Park as it connects to Mosholu Parkway. Mosholu Parkway also links I-87 to the Henry Hudson and Saw Mill River parkways, past Jerome Avenue, the freeway gains a pair of service roads and heads north to the New York City–Yonkers border. At the New York City–Yonkers border, I-87 changes to the New York State Thruway as the mainline proceeds northward through Yonkers and it connects with Central Park Avenue at exit 1, the first of 12 exits within the county. The first few exits serve various local streets, with exit 2 providing access to Yonkers Raceway, at exit 4, I-87 connects to the Cross County Parkway, an east–west parkway providing access to the Saw Mill River, Bronx River, and Hutchinson River parkways. The north-south parkways and I-95 run parallel to the Thruway through Southern Westchester, the Bronx River parkway leaves to the northeast midway through Yonkers, while the Saw Mill and Sprain Brook parkways follow the Thruway out of the city. All three highways take generally parallel tracks to Elmsford, where I-87 directly intersects the Saw Mill River Parkway at exit 7A, not far to the north is exit 8, a semi-directional T interchange with I-287
6.
Mott Haven, Bronx
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Mott Haven is a primarily residential neighborhood in the southwestern section of the Bronx borough in New York City. Zip codes include 10451,10454, and 10455, the neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 1. East 138th Street is the primary east-west thoroughfare through Mott Haven, the local subway line is the IRT Pelham Line, operating along East 138th Street. The local buses are the Bx1, Bx2, Bx15, Bx17, Bx19, Bx21, Bx32, Mott Haven is served by the Triborough Bridge, the Third Avenue Bridge, the Madison Avenue Bridge, the 145th Street Bridge, and the Willis Avenue Bridge. The closest Metro-North Railroad stops are Harlem – 125th Street and Yankees – East 153rd Street, Mott Haven is a high-density neighborhood with a population of around 52,885. The residents are 72. 3% Hispanic/Latino,24. 7% Black or African American,1. 7% White,0. 4% Asian, like most neighborhoods in New York City, the vast majority of households are renter-occupied. The neighborhood is largely Puerto Rican, with numbers of African Americans, Mexicans and Dominicans present. Mott Haven is dominated by apartment buildings and large public housing complexes. There are three historical districts consisting of brownstone-style rowhouses, in the last two decades, construction of modern 2- and 3-unit rowhouses and apartment buildings has increased the percentage of owner-occupiers. The neighborhood contains one of the highest concentrations of NYCHA projects in the Bronx, the total land area is roughly one square mile. The terrain is low-lying and flat except around St. Marys Park where it is somewhat hilly, three Historic Districts are located in Mott Haven, Mott Haven, Mott Haven East and the Bertine Block. The Mott Haven Historic District is located on Alexander Avenue between East 138th Street and East 141st Street and it also has the 40th Precinct police station, the 1905 neo-renaissance Mott Haven Branch of the New York Public Library, and Saint Jeromes Roman Catholic Church. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, the Mott Haven East Historic District is located on East 139th and East 140th Street between Brook and Willis Avenues. The Bertine Block Historic District is located on East 136th Street between Brook and Willis Avenues, the district contains yellow-faced brick brownstones designed by Edward Bertine between 1891 and 1895. St. Anns Episcopal Church is located on the west side of St. Anns Avenue between East 139th and East 141st Streets and it is the Bronxs oldest church, having been built in 1841 and dedicated to Gouverneur Morriss mother Ann. Notable figures buried there include Lewis Morris, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Gouverneur Morris, the seventeen NYCHA developments in Mott Haven illustrate the various types of public housing initiatives in vogue in New York City over the decades. Dr. Ramon E. Betances III,13, two rehabilitated tenement buildings,5 stories tall, one 7-story rehabilitated tenement building Mott Haven is home to Lincoln Hospital on 149 Street between Park and Morris Avenues. The hospital was founded in 1839 and now has 342 beds, Bronx was named after the Swedish sea captain Jonas Bronck
7.
Mosholu Parkway
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The roadway extends for 3.0 miles between the New York Botanical Garden and Van Cortlandt Park. The parkway is designated as New York State Route 908F, a reference route. The Mosholu Parkway begins at exit 8E of the Bronx River Parkway and it heads northward as an arterial boulevard through the northern parts of the Bronx. The highway crosses through Bedford Park, passing Bainbridge Avenue and it intersects with the Grand Concourse afterwards, with Jerome Avenue, Sedgwick Avenue and West Gun Hill Road soon after. Mosholu is an Algonquin word meaning smooth stones or small stones, the entire route is in the New York City borough of the Bronx. Mosholu, Bronx, the area surrounding Mosholu Parkway Mosholu Parkway at New York State Highway Termini Mosholu Parkway page at nycroads. com
8.
Bedford Park, Bronx
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Bedford Park is a residential neighborhood in the northwest Bronx between the New York Botanical Garden and Lehman College. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 7 and its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are, Mosholu Parkway to the north, Webster Avenue to the east, East 198th Street to the south, and Goulden Avenue to the west. The Grand Concourse is the primary thoroughfare through Bedford Park, the IND Concourse and IRT Jerome Avenue Lines of the New York City Subway serve the area. Zip codes include 10458 and 10468, the area is patrolled by the 52nd Precinct located at 3016 Webster Ave in the Norwood section of the Bronx. The area now known as Bedford Park was mostly farmland outside the town of Kingsbridge, the area began to be developed with the construction of the Jerome Park Racecourse, for thoroughbred horse racing, by Leonard Jerome and August Belmont, Sr. in 1866. Jerome Park Racecourse became the first home of the famous Belmont Stakes horse race, to attract the wealthy to the racecourse, Leonard Jerome built what is today Jerome Avenue. In 1874 the town of Kingsbridge was officially incorporated into New York City, in 1890, Jerome Park Racecourse was sold. Construction was started to convert it into the Jerome Park Reservoir, at the same time, the neighborhood of Bedford Park was beginning to take shape. Forty villas were built on a 23-acre stretch, in a planned community, the area became a part of the newly created Borough of the Bronx in 1898. The Italian and Irish immigrants who worked on the Jerome Park Reservoir project soon anchored the community there. Development continued with the completion of the Grand Concourse, a thoroughfare, in 1914. The Grand Concourse saw a boom in housing construction in the post-World War I era, much of this was from middle-class moving from Manhattan. Bedford Park is dominated by 5 or 6-story apartment buildings and three-story Victorian houses, the apartments on the Grand Concourse are often taller. Tracey Towers are two 41-story subsidized apartment buildings close to the Jerome Park Reservoir. Designed by noted architect Paul Rudolph, they were completed in 1972 as a part of New York Citys Mitchell Lama housing development initiative, the total land area is a little less than half a square mile. In the United States 2000 Census of 2000, the area of Bedford Park comprises five tracts and these five tracts have a population of 24,874. Among Bedford Parks oldest buildings are its churches and other religious institutions, the oldest church in the area, Bedford Park Congregational Church at the corner of Bainbridge Avenue and East 201st Street, dates to 1882. Its American Queen Anne-style design hints at Bedford Parks origin as a rural community
9.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
10.
Historic districts in the United States
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Buildings, structures, objects and sites within a historic district are normally divided into two categories, contributing and non-contributing. Districts greatly vary in size, some have hundreds of structures, the U. S. federal government designates historic districts through the United States Department of Interior under the auspices of the National Park Service. Federally designated historic districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, state-level historic districts may follow similar criteria or may require adherence to certain historic rehabilitation standards. Local historic district designation offers, by far, the most legal protection for historic properties because most land use decisions are made at the local level, local districts are generally administered by the county or municipal government. The first U. S. historic district was established in Charleston, South Carolina in 1931, Charleston city government designated an Old and Historic District by local ordinance and created a board of architectural review to oversee it. New Orleans followed in 1937, establishing the Vieux Carré Commission, other localities picked up on the concept, with the city of Philadelphia enacting its historic preservation ordinance in 1955. The Supreme Court case validated the protection of resources as an entirely permissible governmental goal. In 1966 the federal government created the National Register of Historic Places, conference of Mayors had stated Americans suffered from rootlessness. By the 1980s there were thousands of federally designated historic districts, Historic districts are generally two types of properties, contributing and non-contributing. In general, contributing properties are integral parts of the historic context, in addition to the two types of classification within historic districts, properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places are classified into five broad categories. They are, building, structure, site, district and object, all but the eponymous district category are also applied to historic districts listed on the National Register. A listing on the National Register of Historic Places is governmental acknowledgment of a historic district, however, the Register is an honorary status with some federal financial incentives. The National Register of Historic Places defines a historic district per U. S. federal law, a district may also comprise individual elements separated geographically but linked by association or history. Districts established under U. S. federal guidelines generally begin the process of designation through a nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, the National Register is the official recognition by the U. S. government of cultural resources worthy of preservation. While designation through the National Register does offer a district or property some protections, if the federal government is not involved, then the listing on the National Register provides the site, property or district no protections. If, however, company A was under federal contract the Smith House would be protected, a federal designation is little more than recognition by the government that the resource is worthy of preservation. Usually, the National Register does not list religious structures, moved structures, reconstructed structures, however, if a property falls into one of those categories and are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria then an exception allowing their listing will be made. Historic district listings, like all National Register nominations, can be rejected on the basis of owner disapproval, in the case of historic districts, a majority of owners must object in order to nullify a nomination to the National Register of Historic Places
I-87 / 138th Street in Mott Haven
Mosholu Parkway in Bedford Park
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