Grand Duchy of Hesse
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The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 to 1918. The grand duchy originally formed from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Hesse. It assumed the name Hesse und bei Rhein in 1816 to distinguish itself from the Electorate of Hesse, which had formed from neighbouring Hesse-Kassel. Colloquially, the grand duchy continued to be known by its former name of Hesse-Darmstadt.
![Louis I depicted with Hessian Constitution in his right hand on the Ludwigsmonument [de] in Darmstadt](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ludwigsmonument-3.jpg/323px-Ludwigsmonument-3.jpg)
Louis I depicted with Hessian Constitution in his right hand on the Ludwigsmonument [de] in Darmstadt
Title page of The Hessian Courier.
![Karl du Thil [de], President of the Council of Ministers, 1829–1848](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Karl_du_Thil_1845_%28IZ_05-100_Kretzschmar_%2B_ACR%29.jpg/339px-Karl_du_Thil_1845_%28IZ_05-100_Kretzschmar_%2B_ACR%29.jpg)
Karl du Thil [de], President of the Council of Ministers, 1829–1848
Heinrich von Gagern, chief minister during the Revolution of 1848 (lithograph by Eduard von Heuss)
Grand duchy
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A grand duchy is a country or territory whose official head of state or ruler is a monarch bearing the title of grand duke or grand duchess.
Coronation of Cosimo I de' Medici as Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1570.
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1569–1860, part of Italy afterwards)