1.
Granite Bay, California
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Granite Bay is a census-designated place in Placer County, California, United States. It is part of the Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area, the population was 20,402 at the 2010 census, up from 19,388 at the 2000 census. The ZIP code is 95746 or 95661, Granite Bay is a primarily residential suburb of Sacramento located just east of Roseville and west of Folsom Lake. Granite Bay is located at 38°44′55″N 121°10′47″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 21.6 square miles, of which,21.5 square miles of it is land and 0.04 square miles of it is water. The place name, Granite Bay, is derived from a bay in Folsom Lake on the east side of the town, the entire town is underlain by granodiorite of the Penryn Pluton of Cretaceous age, hence the geological basis for the place name. Granite Bay has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate that is characterized by cool, wet winters and hot, the 2010 United States Census reported that Granite Bay had a population of 20,402. The population density was 945.8 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Granite Bay was 17,960 White,148 African American,138 Native American,1,152 Asian,28 Pacific Islander,222 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,260 persons. The Census reported that 20,353 people lived in households,38 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 201 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 34 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,006 households were made up of individuals and 521 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.83. There were 5,956 families, the family size was 3.11. The median age was 46.0 years, for every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males, there were 7,542 housing units at an average density of 349.6 per square mile, of which 6,414 were owner-occupied, and 788 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1. 3%, the vacancy rate was 8. 8%. 18,270 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,083 people lived in housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 19,388 people,6,474 households, the population density was 898.2 people per square mile. There were 6,626 housing units at a density of 307.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91. 40% White,0. 68% Black or African American,0. 58% Native American,3. 53% Asian,0. 08% Pacific Islander,1. 09% from other races, and 2. 65% from two or more races
2.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
State school
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State schools generally refer to primary or secondary schools mandated for or offered to all children without charge, funded in whole or in part by taxation. The term may refer to public institutions of post-secondary education. State education is inclusive, both in its treatment of students and in that enfranchisement for the government of public education is as broad as for government generally and it is often organized and operated to be a deliberate model of the civil community in which it functions. Although typically provided to groups of students in classrooms in a school, it may be provided in-home, employing visiting teachers. It can also be provided in non-school, non-home settings, such as shopping mall space, State education is generally available to all. In most countries, it is compulsory for children to school up to a certain age. In the case of private schooling, schools operate independently of the state, the funding for state schools, on the other hand, is provided by tax revenues, so that even individuals who do not attend school help to ensure that society is educated. In poverty stricken societies, authorities are often lax on compulsory school attendance because child labour is exploited and it is these same children whose income-securing labor cannot be forfeited to allow for school attendance. The term public education when applied to schools is not synonymous with the term publicly funded education. Government may make a policy decision that it wants to have some financial resources distributed in support of, and it may want to have some control over. Grants-in-aid of private schools and vouchers systems provide examples of publicly funded private education, conversely, a state school may rely heavily on private funding such as high fees or private donations and still be considered state by virtue of governmental ownership and control. In some countries, private associations or churches can operate schools according to their own principles, when these specific requirements are met, especially in the area of the school curriculum, the schools will qualify to receive state funding. Proponents of state education assert it to be necessary because of the need in society for people who are capable of reading, writing. In most industrialized countries, these views are distinctly in the minority, Government schools are free to attend for Australian citizens and permanent residents, whereas independent schools usually charge attendance fees. They can be divided into two categories, open and selective schools, the open schools accept all students from their government-defined catchment areas. Government schools educate approximately 65% of Australian students, with approximately 34% in Catholic, regardless of whether a school is part of the Government or independent systems, they are required to adhere to the same curriculum frameworks of their state or territory. The curriculum framework however provides for flexibility in the syllabus. Public or Government funded schools are found throughout Bangladesh and these schools mostly teach students from Year 1 to 10, with examinations for students in years 5,8, and 10
5.
Green
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Green is the color between blue and yellow on the spectrum of visible light. It is evoked by light with a predominant wavelength of roughly 495–570 nm, the modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words grass and grow. It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth, by far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy. Many creatures have adapted to their environments by taking on a green hue themselves as camouflage. Several minerals have a color, including the emerald, which is colored green by its chromium content. In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U. S. green is associated with death, sickness, or the devil. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, when the color of clothing showed the social status, green was worn by merchants, bankers. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci wears green, showing she is not from a noble family, Green is also the traditional color of safety and permission, a green light means go ahead, a green card permits permanent residence in the United States. It is the most important color in Islam and it was the color of the banner of Muhammad, and is found in the flags of nearly all Islamic countries, and represents the lush vegetation of Paradise. It is also associated with the culture of Gaelic Ireland. Because of its association with nature, it is the color of the environmental movement, political groups advocating environmental protection and social justice describe themselves as part of the Green movement, some naming themselves Green parties. This has led to campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly. The word green comes from the Middle English and Old English word grene, which, like the German word grün, has the same root as the words grass and grow. It is from a Common Germanic *gronja-, which is reflected in Old Norse grænn, Old High German gruoni, ultimately from a PIE root *ghre- to grow. The first recorded use of the word as a term in Old English dates to ca. Latin with viridis also has a genuine and widely used term for green, related to virere to grow and ver spring, it gave rise to words in several Romance languages, French vert, Italian verde. Likewise the Slavic languages with zelenъ, Ancient Greek also had a term for yellowish, pale green – χλωρός, chloros, cognate with χλοερός verdant and χλόη the green of new growth
6.
Silver (color)
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Silver or metallic gray is a color tone resembling gray that is a representation of the color of polished silver. The visual sensation usually associated with the silver is its metallic shine. This cannot be reproduced by a solid color, because the shiny effect is due to the materials brightness varying with the surface angle to the light source. In addition, there is no mechanism for showing metallic or fluorescent colors on a computer without resorting to rendering software which simulates the action of light on a shiny surface, consequently, in art and in heraldry one would normally use a metallic paint that glitters like real silver. A matte grey color could also be used to represent silver color, the first recorded use of silver as a color name in English was in 1481. In heraldry, the word argent is used, derived from Latin argentum over Medieval French argent, displayed at right is the web color silver. Since version 3.2 of HTML silver is a name for one of the 16 basic-VGA-colors, hTML-example, <body bgcolor=silver> CSS-example, body Pale silver is the pale tone of silver color called silver in Crayola crayons. Silver has been a Crayola color since 1903, Crayola silver is not a neutral grayscale color, but rather a warm gray with a very slight tinge of orange-red. The color silver pink is displayed at right, the color name silver pink first came into use in 1948. The source of color is the Plochere Color System, a color system formulated in 1948 that is widely used by interior designers. At right is displayed the color silver sand, the color name silver sand for this tone of silver has been in use since 2001, when it was promulgated as one of the colors on the Xona. com Color List. At right is displayed the color silver chalice, the color name silver chalice for this tone of silver has been in use since 2001, when it was promulgated as one of the colors on the Xona. com Color List. At right is displayed the color Roman silver, Roman silver, a blue-gray tone of silver, is one of the colors on the Resene Color List, a color list widely popular in Australia and New Zealand. At right is displayed the old silver. Old silver is a color that was formulated to resemble tarnished silver, the first recorded use of old silver as a color name in English was in 1905. Sonic silver is a tone of silver included in Metallic FX crayons, plants A silver birch is a tree in the birch family. The leaves are silver on underside. A silver fir is a timber tree that originated in Europe
7.
Black
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Black is the darkest color resulting from the absence or complete absorption of light. Like white and grey, it is a color, literally a color without hue. It is one of the four colors in the CMYK color model, along with cyan, yellow. Black is often used to represent darkness, it is the symbolic opposite of white, Black was one of the first colors used by artists in neolithic cave paintings. In the 14th century, it began to be worn by royalty and it became the color worn by English romantic poets, businessmen and statesmen in the 19th century, and a high fashion color in the 20th century. In the Roman Empire, it became the color of mourning, according to surveys in Europe and North America, it is the color most commonly associated with mourning, the end, secrets, magic, force, violence, evil, and elegance. More distant cognates include Latin flagrare, and Ancient Greek phlegein, the Ancient Greeks sometimes used the same word to name different colors, if they had the same intensity. Kuanos could mean both dark blue and black, the Ancient Romans had two words for black, ater was a flat, dull black, while niger was a brilliant, saturated black. Ater has vanished from the vocabulary, but niger was the source of the country name Nigeria the English word Negro, old High German also had two words for black, swartz for dull black and blach for a luminous black. These are parallelled in Middle English by the terms swart for dull black, swart still survives as the word swarthy, while blaek became the modern English black. In heraldry, the used for the black color is sable, named for the black fur of the sable. Black was one of the first colors used in art, the Lascaux Cave in France contains drawings of bulls and other animals drawn by paleolithic artists between 18,000 and 17,000 years ago. They began by using charcoal, and then made more vivid black pigments by burning bones or grinding a powder of manganese oxide, for the ancient Egyptians, black had positive associations, being the color of fertility and the rich black soil flooded by the Nile. It was the color of Anubis, the god of the underworld, who took the form of a black jackal, and offered protection against evil to the dead. For the ancient Greeks, black was also the color of the underworld, separated from the world of the living by the river Acheron and those who had committed the worst sins were sent to Tartarus, the deepest and darkest level. In the center was the palace of Hades, the king of the underworld, Black was one of the most important colors used by ancient Greek artists. In the 6th century BC, they began making pottery and later red figure pottery. In black-figure pottery, the artist would paint figures with a clay slip on a red clay pot
8.
Grizzly bear
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The grizzly bear, less commonly known as the silvertip bear, is a large subspecies of brown bear inhabiting North America. Scientists generally do not use the name grizzly bear but call it the North American brown bear, on average bears near the coast tend to be larger while inland Grizzlies tend to be smaller. The Ussuri brown bear inhabiting Russia, Northern China, and Korea is sometimes referred to as black grizzly although it is a different subspecies from the bears in America, meriwether Lewis and William Clark named it to be grisley or grizzly, which could have meant grizzled or fear-inspiring. Nonetheless, after study, naturalist George Ord formally classified it in 1815 – not for its hair. Classification has been revised along genetic lines, there are two morphological forms of Ursus arctos, the grizzly and the coastal brown bears, but these morphological forms do not have distinct mtDNA lineages. Brown bears originated in Eurasia and traveled to North America approximately 50,000 years ago, in the 19th century, the grizzly was classified as 86 distinct species. However, by 1928 only seven grizzlies remained and by 1953 only one species remained globally, however, modern genetic testing reveals the grizzly to be a subspecies of the brown bear. Rausch found that North America has but one species of grizzly, therefore, everywhere it is the brown bear, in North America, it is the grizzly, but these are all the same species, Ursus arctos. Kodiak grizzly bears were also at one time considered distinct, therefore, at one time there were five different species of brown bear, including three in North America. Most adult female grizzlies weigh 130–180 kg, while males weigh on average 180–360 kg. Average total length in this subspecies is 198 cm, with a shoulder height of 102 cm. Newborn bears may weigh less than 500 grams, in the Yukon River area, mature female grizzlies can weigh as little as 100 kg. One study found that the weight for an inland male grizzly was around 272 kilograms. For a female, these average weights would be 136 kilograms inland and 227 kilograms coastal, on the other hand, an occasional huge male grizzly has been recorded which greatly exceeds ordinary size, with weights reported up to 680 kg. A large coastal male of this size may stand up to 3 metres tall on its hind legs, although variable in color from blond to nearly black, grizzly bear fur is typically brown with darker legs and commonly white or blond tipped fur on the flank and back. A pronounced hump appears on their shoulders, the hump is a way to distinguish a grizzly bear from a black bear. Aside from the distinguishing hump a grizzly bear can be identified by a dished in profile of their face with short, rounded ears, whereas a black bear has a straight face profile and longer ears. A grizzly bear can also be identified by its rump, which is lower than its shoulders, a grizzly bears front claws measure about 2-4 inches in length and a black bears measure about 1-2 inches in length
9.
Del Oro High School
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Del Oro High School is located in Loomis, California, and is a part of the Placer Union High School District. Del Oro High School opened for instruction of freshmen and sophomores on September 28,1959, one week after Placer in Auburn and it was founded in 1958 and currently has over 1600 students attending. The dropout rate is 1%, which is below the California state average, many of Del Oros teachers are return students. The school has a long rivalry with neighboring Placer High School in Auburn, CA, as well as more recent rivalries with Granite Bay High School. Del Oros Division I ranked athletes compete in football, basketball, tennis, baseball, cross country, water polo, track, soccer, and wrestling. Del Oro High School has an outstanding Leadership program that is responsible for upholding and continuing the years of tradition that make up Del Oro High School and it is available for students each term 1st and 3rd block. To get into the class as a commissioner, a student must apply, to be a class officer, a student must be elected by his or her class in the elections held each spring. To be an ASB officer, a student must be elected by the entire school, the outreach of the program extends far beyond the school, recognized often for substantial dedication and accomplishments in local publications. It is currently headed up by Del Oro High School activities director and water polo/swim coach, Stephanie Fee, Del Oro High Schools W. I. N. G. S program is a dedicated group of students responsible for mentoring and guiding the freshmen class each year. Peer Helpers are another part of the foundation that makes Del Oro what it is and they take pride in assisting and mentoring all students of Del Oro High School in all aspects of their lives. The program is headed up by Del Oro High School English teacher and Anti-Bullying Club advisor. Del Oros performing arts hold a role in the small Loomis community. The performing arts department at Del Oro currently consist of a program, choral program, theatrical program. The oldest and most rooted in Del Oro tradition is the band program, the program consists of five ensembles, marching band, concert band, jazz band, winter percussion, and winter guard. None of the ensembles run year-round, so it is common that students participate in marching band in the fall. Del Oro has two choral ensembles, beginning choir and advanced choir, both are directed by Lisa Sands. Del Oro is known within the statewide choir community for producing significant numbers of honor choir participants both on the regional and state levels, though relatively new, the theatre department has quickly become a staple in the Loomis community. It opened in late-2004, prior to the completion of the new facility and was performed on the campus cafeteria stage
10.
National Blue Ribbon Schools Program
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One-third of all schools nominated in any state must serve student populations of at least 40% from disadvantaged backgrounds. More than 8,000 schools had been honored as Blue Ribbon Schools through 2020, in 1981, then-Secretary of Education Terrell H. Bell commissioned a study of American education. The report, issued two years later as A Nation at Risk, described a “rising tide” of mediocre schools that threatened the nation’s future. Secretary Bell created the National Blue Ribbon Schools Award to bring exemplary U. S. schools to public attention, both programs highlighted outstanding models of American schools and school leadership. Initially, the National Blue Ribbon Schools program honored only secondary schools and it was changed again to honor secondary schools and primary schools in alternate years and now honors secondary, middle, and primary schools each year. Schools must show how data are interpreted and used and how curriculum, instruction, in 2012 it was renamed the National Blue Ribbon Schools program to distinguish it from a for-profit company which had appropriated the Blue Ribbon School name. During its first 25 years of existence, the National Blue Ribbon Schools Award was granted approximately 5,600 times, more than 133,000 public, charter, private and parochial schools serving grades K-12 are eligible for the award. More than 8,000 schools had been honored as National Blue Ribbon Schools through 2016, special emphases have changed from year to year based on national priorities. School-wise, there is much diversity – both public and private schools have won the award, and specific programs, such as Montessori education, have received the award as well. • Exemplary Achievement Gap-Closing Schools are among their state’s highest performing schools in closing achievement gaps between a school’s subgroups and all students over the past five years, eligible schools must have been in existence for five years and cannot have received the award within the five prior years. Although at one time schools self-nominated for the award, this is no longer the case, at the invitation of the U. S. A total of 417 schools may be nominated in any year, state quotas are determined by numbers of students, the Blue Ribbon award is considered the highest honor an American school can achieve. David W. Kirkpatrick, the Senior Education Fellow at the US Freedom Foundation, noted in a titled, Awarding Blue Ribbons. Thus, the award is given to schools with students from wealthy backgrounds. From the programs inception through 2003, schools were permitted to nominate themselves, as of 2003 nominations are handled through a state liaison which schools must contact for nomination. S. Secretary of Education Rod Paige All National Blue Ribbon Schools from 1982 to present
11.
California Distinguished School
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A California Distinguished School is an award given by the California State Board of Education to public schools within the state that best represent exemplary and quality educational programs. Approximately five percent of California schools are awarded this honor each year following a selection process, eligibility is based on federal and state criteria including the No Child Left Behind program, Academic Performance Index, and Adequate Yearly Progress. The program was established in 1985 and alternates each year between elementary and secondary schools, the schools are recognized as distinguished for four years, and after that the recognition may be renewed. California Public Schools Accountability Act California School Recognition Program California Department of Education List of schools awarded this honor going back to 1986
12.
Advanced Placement
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Advanced Placement is a program in the United States and Canada created by the College Board which offers college-level curricula and examinations to high school students. American colleges and universities may grant placement and course credit to students who obtain high scores on the examinations, the AP curriculum for each of the various subjects is created for the College Board by a panel of experts and college-level educators in that field of study. For a high school course to have the designation, the course must be audited by the College Board to ascertain that it satisfies the AP curriculum. If the course is approved, the school may use the AP designation, after the end of World War II, the Ford Foundation created a fund that supported committees studying education. The program, which was referred to as the Kenyon Plan, was founded and pioneered at Kenyon College in Gambier. The second committee, the Committee on Admission with Advanced Standing, a pilot program was run in 1952 which covered eleven disciplines. The College Board, a organization based in New York City, has run the AP program since 1955. From 1965 to 1989, Harlan Hanson was the director of the Advanced Placement Program and it develops and maintains guidelines for the teaching of higher level courses in various subject areas. In addition, it supports teachers of AP courses and supports universities and these activities are funded through fees required to take the AP exams. In 2006, over one million students took over two million Advanced Placement examinations, many high schools in the United States offer AP courses, though the College Board allows any student to take any examination regardless of participation in its respective course. Therefore, home-schooled students and students from schools that do not offer AP courses have an opportunity to take AP exams. As of the 2015 testing season, exams cost $91 each, financial aid is available for students who qualify for it, the exam reduction is $26 or $28 per exam from College Board plus an additional $8 rebate per fee-reduced exam from the school. There may be further reductions depending on the state, out of the $91, $8 goes directly to the school to pay for the administration of the test, which some schools will reduce to lower the cost to the student. However, the Italian Language and Culture test was offered beginning in 2011. Starting July 2013 AP allowed students for the first time to view and send their scores online. The number of AP exams administered each year has seen an increase over the past decade. In 2003,175,860 English Language and Composition exams were administered, by 2013, this number had risen to 476,277, or an increase of 171%. Such an increase has occurred in nearly all AP exams offered, in 2013, the most taken AP exam was English Language and Composition with 476,277 students and the least taken AP exam was Japanese Language and Culture with 1,169 students
13.
International Baccalaureate
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The International Baccalaureate, formerly known as the International Baccalaureate Organization, is an international educational foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and founded in 1968. To teach these programmes, schools need to be authorised by IB, the organizations name and logo were changed in 2007 to reflect a reorganisation. Consequently, IB may now refer to the organisation itself, any of the four programmes, when Marie-Thérèse Maurette wrote Educational Techniques for peace. In 1948, she created the framework for what would become the IB Diploma Programme. The IB headquarters were established in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1968 for the development. The IB Middle Years Programme was first offered in 1994, within five years,51 countries had MYP schools. A revised MYP programme was introduced in September 2014, the IB Career-related Programme was first offered in 2012. Alec Peterson was IBs first director general, followed by Gérard Renaud, Roger Peel, Derek Blackman, George Walker, Jeffrey Beard and Dr. Siva Kumari. As the IBs mission in action, the learner profile describes the aspirations of a global community that shares the values underlying the IBs educational philosophy. The IB learner profile describes the attributes and outcomes of education for international-mindedness, IB learners strive to be, Inquirers Knowledgeable Thinkers Communicators Principled Risk-takers Balanced Reflective All four programmes use the IB learner profile. The IB maintains its Foundation Office in Geneva, Switzerland, the Assessment Centre is located in Cardiff, Wales and the curriculum centre moved in 2011 to The Hague, Netherlands. Three Global Centres have been opened, Bethesda, Maryland in the United States, Singapore, in 2003, the IB established the IB Fund, incorporated in the United States, for the purpose of enhancing fundraising and keeping funds raised separate from operational funds. In 2004, the IB approved a plan to ensure that programmes and services are of the highest quality. In 2010 and 2015 the strategic plans were updated after substantial consultation, the vision for the next 5 years was to more consciously establish the IB as a leader in international education and the Board outlined a vision and four strategic goals with key strategic objective. The IB governance is composed of an IB Board of Governors, the structure of its different committees are based on respect, representation and collaboration. The Board of Governors can comprise between 15 and 25 members, members are elected by the Board on the recommendation of the governance committee, and from nominations presented from the Heads Council, Regional Councils and the Board. To encourage diversity of gender, culture and geography, there are only three ex officio positions, Director General, the chair of the Examining Board and the chair of the Heads Council. The IBDP was also featured in the summer 2002 edition of American Educator, in the USA, in 2006, as part of the American Competitiveness Initiative, President George W
14.
National Speech and Debate Association
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The Association provides competitive speech and debate activities, resources, training, scholarship opportunities, and advanced recognition. The National Speech and Debate Association is the oldest and largest high school speech and it is one of four major national organizations that direct high school competitive speech and debate events in the United States. The others are the National Catholic Forensic League or NCFL, the National Christian Forensics and Communications Association or NCFCA, the National Speech and Debate Association Board of Directors meets semi-annually for rules revision. On May 17,2013, the National Forensic League Board of Directors voted to change the name of the organization to the National Speech, members of the National Speech & Debate Association are expected to abide by the Code of Honor, adopted on September 23,2007. The Code of Honor was initially proposed by Harold Keller, a member of the Board of Directors, the Code of Honor consists of an oath and five tenets. Bruno E. Jacob, a professor at Ripon College, first envisioned the League after receiving a letter that inquired whether an honor society existed for high school debaters. Noting that no such society existed, Jacob drafted and circulated a proposal for what would become Americas oldest and largest high school debate, the League welcomed its first member school on March 28,1925. The National Forensic League grew in membership and organization during the next few years. In 1926, the League chartered 100 high schools, in 1927, it began publishing The Bulletin, a newsletter that served as the forerunner to today’s Rostrum magazine. Chapter manuals, jeweled insignia pins, and other organizational items emerged during this time, one of the most significant changes came in 1930, when Jacob proposed a national speech tournament for League members. The following year, the first National Tournament was held at Ripon College, a school from Miami, Oklahoma, won the first national championship in high school debate. The League continued to grow during the Great Depression, National Tournament winners appeared on an NBC network program and CBS broadcast the championship debate. In 1938, the first Student Congress was held in conjunction with the National Tournament, to encourage and channel its growth, the board of directors voted to increase requirements for membership and degrees while abolishing most of its student fees. It was hoped that this practice would promote excellence while increasing access to League opportunities, with the onset of World War II, the League suspended its national tournament. However, at the request of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, as World War II neared its end, the concept of service points was written into the League’s constitution to promote service among League members. The national tournament resumed in 1947, in the mid-20th century, the League experienced another growth spurt. Jacob resigned his position at Ripon College in order to devote his full attention to the National Forensic League. He traveled approximately 20,000 miles a year, mostly by car, visiting members of the League, at the same time, the League was incorporated and engaged its first assistant secretary to increase its services to members
15.
2012 Summer Olympics
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It took place in London and to a lesser extent across the United Kingdom from 25 July to 12 August 2012. The first event, the stage in womens football began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees participated, London is the first and only city thus far to host the modern Olympic Games three times, having previously done so in 1908 and in 1948. Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment, with an emphasis on sustainability, the main focus was a new 200-hectare Olympic Park, constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford, East London. The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid, the Games received widespread acclaim for their organisation, with the volunteers, the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly. During the Games, Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time, saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time, so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games. Womens boxing was included for the first time, thus the Games became the first at which every sport had female competitors and these were the final Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge. The final medal tally was led by the United States, followed by China, several world and Olympic records were set at the games. Furthermore, the focus on sporting legacy and post-games venue sustainability was seen as a blueprint for future Olympics. On 18 May 2004, as a result of a technical evaluation. All five submitted their candidate files by 19 November 2004 and were visited by the IOC inspection team during February, throughout the process, Paris was widely seen as the favourite, particularly as this was its third bid in recent years. London was initially seen as lagging behind Paris by a considerable margin and its position began to improve after the appointment of Lord Coe as the new head of London 2012 on 19 May 2004. In late August 2004, reports predicted a tie between London and Paris, on 6 June 2005, the IOC released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. They did not contain any scores or rankings, but the report for Paris was considered the most positive, London was close behind, having closed most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004. New York and Madrid also received positive evaluations. On 1 July 2005, when asked who would win, Jacques Rogge said, but my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, on 6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore. Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York, the final two contenders were London and Paris
16.
Miles Burris
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Miles James Burris is an American football linebacker who is currently a free agent. He played college football at San Diego State and was selected in the round of the 2012 NFL Draft by the Oakland Raiders. In his rookie season, Burris immediately became a part of the Raiders defensive line, starting all. Born in Orangevale, California, Burris graduated from Granite Bay High School of Granite Bay, at Granite Bay, he was twice named All-Metro League and was Granite Bay’s defensive player of the year following both his junior and senior seasons. Burris added eight sacks and three fumble recoveries that same season and he had 9.5 sacks as a junior, which ranked as the seventh-highest single-season total in program history. He also led the team with 80 tackles and was named the 2010 San Diego State Student-Athlete of the Year, based on his NFL Scouting Combine and Pro Day results, NFL Draft Scout projected Burris to be a fifth-round NFL Draft selection. In the 2012 NFL Draft, the Oakland Raiders selected Burris in the round as the 129th overall pick. As a rookie, Burris played all 16 games and started 15 and had 62 unassisted tackles,34 assisted,1.5 sacks,3 passes deflected, and one interception. On December 23, Burris intercepted Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton and this interception ended Newtons streak of 176 passes without an interception. Burris was released from the Raiders following the 2015 NFL Draft, Oakland Raiders bio San Diego State Aztecs bio
17.
National Football League
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing 16 games, the NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season, the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. S. The NFLs executive officer is the commissioner, who has authority in governing the league. The team with the most NFL championships is the Green Bay Packers with thirteen, the current NFL champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in Super Bowl LI. Another meeting held on September 17,1920 resulted in the renaming of the league to the American Professional Football Association, the league hired Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams. Only two of these teams, the Decatur Staleys and the Chicago Cardinals, remain, the first event occurred on September 26,1920 when the Rock Island Independents defeated the non-league St. Paul Ideals 48–0 at Douglas Park. On October 3,1920, the first full week of league play occurred, the following season resulted in the Chicago Staleys controversially winning the title over the Buffalo All-Americans. In 1922, the APFA changed its name to the National Football League, in 1932, the season ended with the Chicago Bears and the Portsmouth Spartans tied for first in the league standings. This method had used since the leagues creation in 1920. The league quickly determined that a game between Chicago and Portsmouth was needed to decide the leagues champion. Playing with altered rules to accommodate the playing field, the Bears won the game 9–0. Fan interest in the de facto championship game led the NFL, beginning in 1933, the 1934 season also marked the first of 12 seasons in which African Americans were absent from the league. The de facto ban was rescinded in 1946, following public pressure, the NFL was always the foremost professional football league in the United States, it nevertheless faced a large number of rival professional leagues through the 1930s and 1940s. Rival leagues included at least three separate American Football Leagues and the All-America Football Conference, on top of regional leagues of varying caliber. Three NFL teams trace their histories to these leagues, including the Los Angeles Rams
18.
Linebacker
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A linebacker is a playing position in American football and Canadian football. Linebackers are members of the team, and line up approximately three to five yards behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore back up the line. Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two point stance, the goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed. Another key play of the position is blitzing. A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as a pass rusher running into any exposed gap. When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offenses quarterback. Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defence, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or a layer of pass protection. Similar to the safety position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap. Before the advent of the two platoon system with units for offense and defense, the player who was the teams center on offense was often, though not always. Hence today one usually sees four defensive linemen to the five or more. Most sources claim coach Fielding H. Yost and center Germany Schulz of the University of Michigan invented the position, Schulz was Yosts first linebacker in 1904 when he stood up from his usual position on the line. Yost was horrified at first, but came to see the wisdom in Schulzs innovation, william Dunn of Penn St. was another Western linebacker soon after Schulz. However, there are historical claims tied to the linebacker position. For example, Percy Given of Georgetown is another center with a claim to the title first linebacker, despite Given, most sources have the first linebacker in the South as Frank Juhan of Sewanee. In the East, Ernest Cozens of Penn was one of the first of the centers, another, archaic term for the position. Walter E. Bachman of Lafayette was said to be the developer of the roving center concept, edgar Garbisch of Army was credited with developing the roving center method of playing defensive football in 1921. In professional football, Cal Hubbard is credited with pioneering the linebacker position and he starred as a tackle and end, playing off the line in a style similar to that of a modern linebacker. The middle or inside linebacker, sometimes called Mike or Mohr, is referred to as the quarterback of the defense
19.
Harok family murder
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On 23 May 2013, the Czech Police charged in absentia 20-year-old US national Kevin Dahlgren, Veronika Harokovás cousin, with committing the quadruple murder. At the time he was charged, Dahlgren was on board a flight bound for Washington, Dahlgren spent two years and three months in custody in the US, fighting extradition. He was extradited on 31 August 2015, becoming the first United States citizen that has ever been extradited to the Czech Republic, if convicted, Dahlgren, who denies responsibility for the murders, could be sentenced up to life imprisonment in the Czech Republic. In March 2016, the police had closed their investigation and, month later, Dahlgren was sentenced to life in prison on July 20,2016, appealed the verdict, but in March 2017, the original ruling was upheld. The Haroks moved to the Brno-Ivanovice district in about 2005 and were described as quiet, Veronika Haroková worked as a teacher of history and Czech language at a Brno grammar school where she also worked as a pupil counselor. She was described as being well liked by the students and her husband Martin Harok, an entrepreneur, and their son Filip, a Masaryk University student, were both members of the Ukulele Orchestra jako Brno band. The youngest of the victims, David, was a student, according to Czech media reports, the authorities reconstructed the case as follows, In the early morning of 22 May 2013, a girlfriend of one of the sons left the house. At 6,40 AM, Mrs. Haroková called the school where she worked, saying that she had a bad headache. The police believe that she and two victims were killed between this time and 8,00 AM, which was the moment at which Mrs Harokovás wristwatch stopped. A post woman arrived at the shortly before nine. The doorbell was answered by Dahlgren, who accepted the mail, two hours later, a cleaner came to the house, but was sent away by Dahlgren immediately after entering the hallway. Meanwhile, the victim, David, who was at school. David was probably murdered immediately after returning to the house around 12,30 PM, security cameras recorded Dahlgren leaving the house later in the afternoon. He took a taxi to Vienna International Airport, the 140 km away, the neighbors entered the garage intending to extinguish what seemed to be a small scale smolder only to find three charred bodies inside, whereupon they immediately alerted the authorities. The victims were stabbed and slashed to death, each of them having dozens of stab- and slash-wounds in the head, the bodies of three of them were wrapped in cloth and set on fire. Due to the state of the bodies the police were not immediately able to identify the victims, subsequently, at around 1 PM the Austrian authorities alerted the crew of Austrian Airlines flight OS93 of the arrest warrant. The flight, carrying Dahlgren, had left Vienna at 10,46 AM and was at time flying over the United Kingdom, after contemplating an emergency landing or a return to Vienna, the pilots decided it would be safer to continue the flight. The cabin crew were instructed to not to know anything about the suspect on the flight
20.
Czech Republic
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The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of 78,866 square kilometres with mostly temperate continental climate and it is a unitary parliamentary republic, has 10.5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague, with over 1.2 million residents. The Czech Republic includes the territories of Bohemia, Moravia. The Czech state was formed in the late 9th century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire, after the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power transferred from Moravia to Bohemia under the Přemyslid dynasty. In 1002, the duchy was formally recognized as part of the Holy Roman Empire, becoming the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 and reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy alongside the Archduchy of Austria, the Protestant Bohemian Revolt against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years War. After the Battle of the White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule, reimposed Roman Catholicism, the Czech part of Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in World War II, and was liberated in 1945 by the armies of the Soviet Union and the United States. The Czech country lost the majority of its German-speaking inhabitants after they were expelled following the war, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia won the 1946 elections. Following the 1948 coup détat, Czechoslovakia became a one-party communist state under Soviet influence, in 1968, increasing dissatisfaction with the regime culminated in a reform movement known as the Prague Spring, which ended in a Soviet-led invasion. Czechoslovakia remained occupied until the 1989 Velvet Revolution, when the communist regime collapsed, on 6 March 1990, the Czech Socialistic Republic was renamed to the Czech Republic. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004, it is a member of the United Nations, the OECD, the OSCE, and it is a developed country with an advanced, high income economy and high living standards. The UNDP ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development, the Czech Republic also ranks as the 6th most peaceful country, while achieving strong performance in democratic governance. It has the lowest unemployment rate in the European Union, the traditional English name Bohemia derives from Latin Boiohaemum, which means home of the Boii. The current name comes from the endonym Čech, spelled Cžech until the reform in 1842. The name comes from the Slavic tribe and, according to legend, their leader Čech, the etymology of the word Čech can be traced back to the Proto-Slavic root *čel-, meaning member of the people, kinsman, thus making it cognate to the Czech word člověk. The country has traditionally divided into three lands, namely Bohemia in the west, Moravia in the southeast, and Czech Silesia in the northeast. Following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992, the Czech part of the former nation found itself without a common single-word geographical name in English, the name Czechia /ˈtʃɛkiə/ was recommended by the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs
21.
Natalie Gulbis
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Natalie Anne Gulbis is an American professional golfer, who plays on the U. S. -based LPGA Tour. Gulbis was born and raised in the Sacramento, California area, Gulbis started finding interest in the game at the early age of four. By the time she reached age seven, she had won her first tournament and she played in her first LPGA Tour event in 1997 as an amateur at the age of 14. Gulbis was the top player on the golf team at Granite Bay High School. She then accepted a scholarship to the University of Arizona, the 2000 national champions. After one season at Arizona, Gulbis left college to professional in July 2001 at age 18. At the LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament in October 2001 at Daytona Beach, Florida, although Gulbis did not win a tournament until her sixth season on tour, she finished sixth on the LPGA money list in her fourth season with over $1 million in earnings in 2005. She placed in the top 10 in four major championships from the 2005 LPGA Championship to the 2006 Kraft Nabisco Championship. Her first professional win came at the July 2007 Evian Masters in France, Gulbis tapped in for a two-putt birdie on the first extra hole to claim the winners prize of $450,000. Gulbis has played on three victorious U. S. Solheim Cup teams –2005,2007, and 2009. Considered to be a sex symbol in the LPGA, she released a 2005 calendar, just before the 2004 U. S. Womens Open, which featured her not only playing golf, but also in striking poses in swimwear. The United States Golf Association barred it from being sold at the event, the calendar was sold openly at Golf Canada, the USGA was criticized for overreacting. In 2006, Gulbis began writing an advice column in FHM. In November 2005 a reality show, The Natalie Gulbis Show. The show had its season premiere on October 18,2006. Gulbis also has appeared on the 2007 version of Tiger Woods PGA Tour by EA Sports, along with professionals, Annika Sörenstam, Ian Poulter. In August 2007 Gulbis appeared on the August/September cover of Sactown Magazine in an article that profiled the rising stars busy life of product endorsements and photo shoots, though, no pro win. Gil Ozir, Vice President of Marketing for Raymond Weil, a watchmaker and one of Gulbis endorsement deals, was quoted as saying, Once she starts winning
22.
LPGA
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The Ladies Professional Golf Association is an American organization for female professional golfers. The organization is headquartered in Daytona Beach, Florida, and is best known for running the LPGA Tour, a series of weekly golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world. Other LPGAs exist in countries, each with a geographical designation in its name, but the U. S. organization is the first, largest. The LPGA is also an organization for female club and teaching professionals. This is different from the PGA Tour, which runs the professional tours in the U. S. and, since 1968, has been independent of the club and teaching professionals organization. The LPGA also administers an annual qualifying school similar to that conducted by the PGA Tour, depending on a golfers finish in the final qualifying tournament, she may receive full or partial playing privileges on the LPGA Tour. In addition to the main LPGA Tour, the LPGA also owns and operates the Symetra Tour, formerly the Futures Tour, top finishers at the end of each season on that tour receive playing privileges on the main LPGA Tour for the following year. In its 63rd season in 2012, The LPGA is the oldest continuing womens professional sports organization in the United States, the LPGA succeeded the WPGA, which was founded in 1944 but stopped its limited tour after the 1948 season and officially ceased operations in December 1949. In 2001, Jane Blalocks JBC Marketing established the Womens Senior Golf Tour, now called the Legends Tour, for women professionals aged 45 and this is affiliated with the LPGA, but is not owned by the LPGA. Michael Whan became the commissioner of the LPGA in October 2009. Whan is a marketing executive in the sporting goods industry. In 2010, total prize money on the LPGA Tour was $41.4 million. In 2010 there were 24 official tournaments, down from 28 in 2009 and 34 in 2008. Despite the loss in total tournaments, the number of tournaments hosted outside of the United States in 2010 stayed the same, by 2016, the number of tournaments had risen to 33 with a record-high total prize money in excess of $63 million. In its first four decades, the LPGA Tour was dominated by American players, sandra Post of Canada became the first player living outside the United States to gain an LPGA tour card in 1968. Particularly, one of the trends seen in the early 21st century in the LPGA is the rise. Se Ri Paks early success in the LPGA sparked the boom in Korean women golfers on the LPGA Tour, of the 33 events in 2006, a total of 11 were won by Koreans and only seven were won by Americans. In 2007, Americans saw a resurgence, winning 12 events
23.
Ryan Holiday
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Ryan Holiday is an American author, marketer, and entrepreneur. He is a media strategist, the former Director of Marketing for American Apparel, Holiday began his professional career after dropping out of college at the age of 19. Ryan briefly attended University of California, Riverside, where he studied political science and he worked for Tucker Max, the controversial fratire author. Holiday worked with Tucker Max to orchestrate a media craze by trying to get Planned Parenthood to name a clinic after him, later, Holiday worked with Robert Greene, author of The 48 Laws of Power, on Greenes 2009 New York Times bestselling book, The 50th Law. Today, he still advises or works with a variety of bestselling authors including Max, Greene, Timothy Ferriss, Tony Robbins, Holiday served as Director of Marketing for American Apparel and as an adviser to founder Dov Charney. He left the company in October 2014 and he has been responsible for a number of media controversies, and written extensively on the topic of media manipulation. In February 2014, Holiday was named editor-at-large of the Business & Technology section at the New York Observer. Holiday has written for Forbes, Fast Company, The Huffington Post, The Columbia Journalism Review, The Guardian, Thought Catalog, Medium. com and the New York Observer, where he is the media columnist. In December 2013, Holiday was reported to be writing a book with Cash Money Records founders Bryan Birdman Williams, in July 2012, Holidays first book Trust Me, Im Lying, Confessions of a Media Manipulator was released by Portfolio/Penguin. The book purports to expose flaws in current online journalism system and it debuted on the Wall Street Journal bestseller list. Holidays second book Growth Hacker Marketing was originally published in September 2013 by Portfolio/Penguin, the book attempts to show how traditional marketing efforts are no longer the most effective, and why growth hacking is cheaper and more effective in todays market. The book uses companies such as Facebook, Airbnb, Dropbox, magazines top 10 marketing books of 2014. Holidays third book The Obstacle Is The Way, was published May 1,2014, the book is based on the Stoic exercise of framing obstacles as opportunities. In 2016, Holiday published two books, the first, titled Ego Is the Enemy, uses various historical figures as case studies to illustrate the perils of egotism. The second, The Daily Stoic, is a daily devotional of Stoic meditations, both books went on to become best sellers. Holiday, through his books, articles and lectures, has been credited by the New York Times with the popularity of stoicism. He was also described as leading the charge for stoicism, which has noted for gaining traction amongs Silicon Valley entrepreneurs. Holiday is the author of five books, all published by Penguin/Portfolio, The Daily Stoic,366 Meditations on Wisdom, Perseverance, the Obstacle Is the Way, The Timeless Art of Turning Trials into Triumph
24.
American Apparel
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American Apparel Inc. was a North American clothing manufacturer, designer, distributor, marketer and retailer based in Los Angeles, California. Founded by Dov Charney in 1989 and it was a vertically integrated company that ranked as one of the largest apparel manufacturers and marketers in North America. The company, which had not made a profit since 2009 and it was reported that the brand then agreed to a plan with its creditors to convert $200 million of debt into equity, $90 million in debtor financing and $70 million in new capital. In January 2017, American Apparel laid off 2,400 Southern California workers and started the process of shutting down company factories, American Apparel was founded in 1989 by Canadian Dov Charney. In 1997 after a variety of iterations, including a period of manufacturing in South Carolina, Charney began to sub-contract sewing with Sam Lim who, at the time, had a shop with 50 workers under the Interstate 10 freeway in east LA. Months later the two became partners, after its experience as a wholesale brand, the company moved into the retail market. The company was ranked 308th in Inc. s 2005 list of the 500 fastest growing companies in the United States, with a 440% three-year growth, in late 2006 American Apparel went through a reverse merger and became listed on the American Stock Exchange. It is also one of the few clothing companies exporting Made in the USA goods, the company promotes labor policies that exclude use of clothing manufactured in sweatshops. In 2010, American Apparels auditors, Deloitte & Touche, resigned after informing the company that its statements for 2009 may not be reliable. The resignation led to investigation by U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, in April 2011, American Apparel confirmed that it had secured $14.9 million in financing from a group of Canadian investors. Under the deal announced, American Apparel sold some 15.8 million shares of stock at 90 cents a share to a group of investors led by Michael Serruya. The investors also received warrants to buy as much as 27.4 million additional shares, in April 2013, American Apparel issued a private offering of $206 million in senior secured notes. The proceeds were used to repay a long-standing, high-interest credit facility from Lion Capital and Crystal Financial, in June 2014 the Board of Directors decided to oust its founder, chairman and CEO Dov Charney, after allegations of misconduct. As interim chief executive during the search for a permanent CEO, as co-chairmen the company appointed Allan Mayer and David Danziger. Charney, through his lawyers, claimed his ousting was illegal, soon after, Lion Capital demanded the repayment of a $10 million loan four years early. A failure to repay the loan would trigger a default on a $50 million credit line with Capital One Financial, in December 2014 American Apparel announced the official termination of CEO Dov Charney and the promotion of fashion executive Paula Schneider to that position. As of September 2015, American Apparel was trying hard to avoid bankruptcy as it scrambled to raise money to pay down US $15.4 million debt due in October,2015. It was struggling to find funds as it prepared to report a torrid set of results in the coming weeks
25.
Adam Jennings
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Adam Jennings is a former American football wide receiver. He was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at Fresno State, Jennings was also a member of the Detroit Lions and New York Giants. At Fresno State, Jennings was an All-WAC first-team selection as a kickoff returner during his senior year and he was also an academic All-WAC pick for four consecutive years. Jennings was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the round of the 2006 NFL Draft. In two seasons with the Falcons, he totaled six receptions for 62 yards and one touchdown in 38 games while contributing with 53 punt returns and he was cut by the Falcons on November 11,2008. After signing with the Detroit Lions in 2008, Jennings was cut at the end of the Lions 2009 training camp on September 5 and he was re-signed on September 30, but placed on season-ending injured reserve on October 5. He was later waived on December 29, Jennings signed with the New York Giants on July 15,2010. He was waived on August 6
26.
Wide receiver
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A wide receiver is an offensive position in American and Canadian football, and is the key player in most of the passing plays. They get their name because they are split out wide, furthest away from the rest of the team, wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field. The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist, the wide receivers principal role is to catch passes from the quarterback. On passing plays, the attempts to avoid, outmaneuver. If the receiver becomes open, or has a path to the destination of a catch. Once a pass is thrown in his direction, the goal is to first catch the ball. A receivers height and weight also contribute to his expected role, a wide receiver has two potential roles during running plays. Particularly in the case of draw plays and other trick plays, alternatively, he may block normally for the running back. Well-rounded receivers are noted for blocking defensive backs in support of teammates in addition to their pass-catching abilities, sometimes wide receivers are used to run the ball, usually in some form of end-around or reverse. This can be effective because the defense usually does not expect them to be the carrier on running plays. For example, wide receiver Jerry Rice rushed the ball 87 times for 645 yards and 10 touchdowns in his 20 NFL seasons, in even rarer cases, receivers may pass the ball as part of a trick play. Despite the infrequency of these plays, some receivers have proven to be capable passers, wide receivers may also serve on special teams as kick returners or punt returners, as gunners on kick coverage teams, or as part of the hands team during onside kicks. Finally, on errant passes, receivers must frequently play a role by attempting to prevent an interception. If a pass is intercepted, receivers must use their speed to chase down, in the NFL, wide receivers can use the numbers 10–19 and 80–89. The wide receiver out of a position known as the end. Originally, the played on the offensive line, immediately next to the tackles. By the rules governing the forward pass, ends and backs are eligible receivers, most early football teams used the ends as receivers sparingly, their position often left them in heavy traffic with many defenders around. By the 1930s, some teams were experimenting with moving one end far out near the sideline and these split ends became the prototype for the modern wide receiver
27.
Atlanta Falcons
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The Atlanta Falcons are a professional American football team based in Atlanta, Georgia. The Falcons compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues National Football Conference South division. The Falcons joined the NFL in 1965 as an expansion team, the AFL instead granted a franchise to Miami. The Falcons are tied with the Dolphins for being the second-oldest NFL franchise in the Deep South, the Falcons played their home games at the Georgia Dome in downtown Atlanta from the 1992 to 2016 NFL seasons. Construction began on Mercedes-Benz Stadium in May 2014, with play projected to begin there during the 2017 season and their headquarters and practice facilities are located at a 50-acre site in Flowery Branch, Georgia. Two years later, the AFL held another exhibition, this time with the New York Jets taking on the San Diego Chargers, in 1965, after the Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium was built, the city of Atlanta felt the time was right to start pursuing professional football. Another group reported it had deposited earnest money for a team in the AFL and he forced the city to make a choice between the two leagues. By June 30, the city picked Rankin Smith and the NFL, former commissioner Pete Rozelle and Smith made the deal in about five minutes and the Atlanta Falcons brought the largest and most popular sport to the city of Atlanta. The Atlanta expansion franchise became the 15th NFL franchise, and they were awarded the first pick in the 1966 NFL draft as well as the pick in each of the first five rounds. The Falcons drafted All-American linebacker Tommy Nobis from the University of Texas with the first pick of the draft, the league also held the 1966 NFL Expansion Draft six weeks later in which the Falcons selected unprotected players from existing franchises. Although the Falcons selected many players in those drafts, they still were not able to win right away. The Atlanta Falcons Football Club received its nickname on August 29,1965, miss Julia Elliott, a school teacher from Griffin, Georgia, was singled out from many people who suggested Falcons as the nickname for the new franchise. Elliott wrote, the Falcon is proud and dignified, with great courage and it is deadly and has a great sporting tradition. The Falcons had their first season in 1966, and their first preseason game on August 1,1966, under Head Coach Norb Hecker they lost their first nine regular-season games in 1966 and secured their first victory on the road against the New York Giants. The team finished the 1960s with only 12 wins, the Falcons had their first Monday Night Football game in Atlanta during the 1970 season. The only two winning seasons in this period were 1971 and 1973. In the 1978 season, the Falcons qualified for the playoffs for the first time, the following week, they lost to the Dallas Cowboys 27–20 in the Divisional Playoffs. In the 1980 season, after a winning streak, the Falcons posted a franchise then-best record of 12–4
28.
California State Assembly
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The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people, members of the assembly are generally referred to using the titles assemblyman, assemblywoman, or assemblymember. The State Assembly convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento, in the current session, the Democrats control 55 seats, forming a supermajority of the chamber. The Speaker presides over the State Assembly in the leadership position, controlling the flow of legislation. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full assembly, other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current Speaker is Democrat Anthony Rendon, the majority leader is Democrat Ian Calderon, while the minority leader is Republican Chad Mayes. The chambers green tones are based on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and a Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Senate Chamber. According to Article 4, Section 2 of the California Constitution, the Chief Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature. The Sergeant-at-Arms protects the members of the California State Assembly and this position has existed since December 15,1849, when Samuel N. Houston became the Assemblys first Sergeant-at-Arms. The Chief Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature
29.
Andrew Knapp
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Andrew Michael Knapp is an American professional baseball catcher for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball. Knapp was drafted by the Oakland Athletics in the 41st round of the 2010 Major League Baseball Draft out of Granite Bay High School in Granite Bay and he did not sign with the Athletics and attended the University of California, Berkeley to play college baseball. Knapp was then drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the round of the 2013 MLB Draft. He signed with the Phillies and made his debut with the Williamsport Crosscutters where he posted a.253 batting average. He spent 2014 with the Lakewood BlueClaws and Clearwater Threshers where he batted.260 with 6 home runs and 32 RBIs, Knapp spent 2016 with the Lehigh Valley IronPigs where he batted.266 with 8 home runs with 46 RBIs. The Phillies added him to their 40-man roster after the 2016 season, Knapp made the Phillies 2017 Opening Day roster. Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference California Golden Bears bio
30.
Philadelphia Phillies
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The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports, the Phillies compete in Major League Baseball as a member club of the National League East division. Since 2004, the home has been Citizens Bank Park. The Phillies have won two World Series championships and seven National League pennants, the first of which came in 1915, the franchise has also experienced long periods of struggle. The 77 season drought is the fourth longest World Series drought in Major League Baseball history, the longevity of the franchise and its history of adversity have earned it the dubious distinction of having lost the most games of any team in the history of American professional sports. Despite the teams lack of success historically, they are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball. The Phillies have won their division 11 times, which ranks 6th among all teams and 4th in the National League, the franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883, replacing the team from Worcester, Massachusetts in the National League. The teams spring training facilities are located in Clearwater, Florida and its Double-A affiliate is the Reading Fightin Phils, which plays in Reading, Pennsylvania, and its Triple-A affiliate is the Lehigh Valley IronPigs, which plays in Allentown, Pennsylvania. After being founded in 1883 as the Quakers, the changed its name to the Philadelphias. This was soon shortened to Phillies, Quakers continued to be used interchangeably with Phillies from 1883 until 1890, when the team officially became known as the Phillies. Player defections to the newly formed American League, especially to the cross-town Philadelphia Athletics, poor fiscal management after their appearance in the 1915 World Series, however, doomed the Phillies to sink back into relative obscurity, from 1918 to 1948 they only had one winning season. Though Chuck Klein won the Most Valuable Player Award in 1932 and the National League Triple Crown in 1933, after lumber baron William B. Cox purchased the team in 1943, the Phillies rose out of the standings cellar for the first time in five years. As a result, the fan base and attendance at home games increased, but it soon became clear that not all was right in Coxs front office. Eventually Cox revealed that he had been betting on the Phillies, the new owner, Bob Carpenter, Jr. scion of the Delaware-based DuPont family, tried to polish the teams image by unofficially changing its name to the Bluejays. However, the new moniker did not take, and it was dropped by 1949. This led to the advent of the Whiz Kids, led by a lineup of players developed by the Phillies farm system that included future Hall of Famers Richie Ashburn. In contrast, the Philadelphia Athletics finished last in 1950 and long-time manager Connie Mack retired, the team struggled on for four more years with only one winning season before abandoning Philadelphia under the Johnson brothers, who bought out Mack. They began play in Kansas City in 1955, as part of the deal selling that team to the Johnson brothers, the Phillies bought Shibe Park, where both teams had played since 1938
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Copy editing
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In the context of publication in print, copy editing is done before typesetting and again before proofreading, the final step in the editorial cycle. In the United States and Canada, an editor who does this work is called a copy editor, an organisations highest-ranking copy editor, or the supervising editor of a group of copy editors, may be known as the copy chief, copy desk chief, or news editor. The senior subeditor of a publication is called the chief subeditor. As the prefix sub suggests, copy editors typically have less authority than regular editors, in the context of the internet, online copy refers to the text content of web pages. Similar to print, online copy editing is the process of revising the raw or draft text of web pages, copy editing has three levels, light, medium, and heavy. Depending on the budget and scheduling of the publication, the publisher will let the copy editor know what level of editing to employ, the type of editing one chooses, will help the copy editor prioritize their efforts. Within copy editing, there is mechanical editing and substantive editing and it refers to editing in terms of spelling, punctuation, correct usage of grammatical symbols, along with reviewing special elements like tables, charts, formatting footnotes, and endnotes. Substantive editing, also known as content editing, is the editing of material, including its structure, in this type of editing, internal inconsistencies and discrepancies can be dealt with. Substantive editing oftentimes can require heavy editing or rewriting as compared to mechanical editing, Mechanical editing is the process of proofreading a piece of writing for consistency, either internally or in accordance with the publishers house style. Most publishing firms use a widely recognized style manual such as The Chicago Manual of Style or The Associated Press Stylebook. Companies that produce documents and reports but do not consider themselves publishers in the usual sense, the goal of the copyeditor is to enforce inviolable rules while respecting personal stylistic preferences. This can be difficult, as some writers view grammatical revisions of the manuscript as a challenge to their intellectual ability or professional identity. For this reason, copy editors are encouraged to side with the author, if the authors preference is acceptable, it should be respected. This practice is complicated further by constantly evolving language conventions as recorded by books on grammar, additionally, the authors of such books often disagree. Content editing consists of reorganizing or restructuring the content of a document and this involves any inconsistent parts of the content as well as any variances. Copyeditors can either fix the content by rewriting it or heavily editing it, however, the copyeditor will often point out any difficult passages for the author to resolve on his or her own time. This type of fact checking is acceptable for copyeditors that know the subject matter. The copyeditor must also point out any biased language without infringing on the authors meaning and this includes material that might form the basis for a lawsuit alleging libel, invasion of privacy, or obscenity
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Columnist
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A columnist is someone who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs and they take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. In some instances, a column has been written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, some columnists appear on a daily or weekly basis and later reprint the same material in book collections. In some cases, such as Winchell and Parsons, their programs were quite similar in format to their newspaper columns. Rona Barrett began as a Hollywood gossip columnist in 1957, duplicating her print tactics on television by the mid-1960s, FPA and McIntyre both collected their columns into a series of books, as did other columnists. McIntyres book, The Big Town, New York Day by Day was a bestseller, fPAs The Melancholy Lute collected selections from three decades of his columns. When Smiths column, The Totem Pole, was syndicated by United Features, he told Time, a typewriter can be a pretty formidable contraption when you sit down in front of it and say, All right, now Im going to be funny. The writing of French humor columnist Alain Rémond has been collected in books, the Miami Herald promoted humor columnist Dave Barry with this description, Dave Barry has been at The Miami Herald since 1983. A Pulitzer Prize winner for commentary, he writes about issues ranging from the economy to exploding toilets. Barry has collected his columns into a series of successful books and he stopped writing his nationally syndicated weekly column in 2005, and The Miami Herald now offers on its website a lengthy selection of past columns by Barry. It has had the advantage of high-powered promotion and it is still riding on the crest of the first big wave its own splash sent out. But Mr. Davis did think that in a decade or two the newspapers might be promoting their columns along with their comic strips, the World had started the ball rolling with billboard advertising of Heywood Brouns It Seems to Me. The McNaught Syndicate was sitting pretty with O. O. McIntyre, Will Rogers, the New York Herald Tribune offered Don Marquis and Franklin P. Adams rhymed satirically in The Conning Tower for the New York World Syndicate. A Line o Type Or Two, Bert Leston Taylors verse column in the Chicago Tribune, was now being done by Richard Henry Little. Other offerings, humorous sketches by Damon Runyon, O. Henry stories, editorials by Arthur Brisbane, Ring Lardner letter, Rippling Rhymes, by Walt Mason, in at least one situation, a column expanded to become an entire successful magazine. When Cyrus Curtis founded the Tribune and Farmer in 1879, it was a weekly with an annual subscription rate of 50 cents. With 25,000 subscribers by the end of its first year, it was such a success that Curtis sold Tribune and Farmer to put his energy into the new publication, which became the Ladies Home Journal. Advice columnist Critic Editorial opinion columnist Gossip columnist Humor columnist Food columnist Food columnists of note National Society of Newspaper Columnists
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San Francisco Chronicle
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It was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. The paper is owned by the Hearst Corporation, which bought it from the de Young family in 2000. The paper benefited from the growth of San Francisco and was the largest circulation newspaper on the West Coast of the United States by 1880. Like many other newspapers, it has experienced a fall in circulation in the early 21st century. The newspaper publishes two web sites, SFGate, which has a mixture of news and web features. Between World War II and 1971, new editor Scott Josephine Newhall took a bold, the newspaper grew in circulation to become the citys largest, overtaking the rival San Francisco Examiner. The demise of other San Francisco dailies through the late 1950s and early 1960s left the Examiner, from 1965 on the two papers shared a single classified-advertising operation. This arrangement stayed in place until the Hearst Corporation took full control of the Chronicle, beginning in the early 1990s, the Chronicle started to face competition beyond the borders of San Francisco. The Chronicle launched five zoned sections to appear in the Friday edition of the paper, the sections covered San Francisco, and four different suburban areas. They each featured a unique columnist, enterprise pieces and local news specific to the community, the newspaper added 40 full-time staff positions to work in the suburban bureaus. The de Young family controlled the paper, via the Chronicle Publishing Company, until July 27,2000, following the sale, the Hearst Corporation transferred the Examiner to the Fang family, publisher of the San Francisco Independent and AsianWeek, along with a $66-million subsidy. Under the new owners, the Examiner became a free tabloid, in 1949, the de Young family founded KRON-TV, the Bay Areas third television station. Until the mid-1960s, the station, operated from the basement of the Chronicle Building, KRON moved to studios at 1001 Van Ness Avenue. The frequent bold-faced, all-capital-letter headlines typical of the Chronicles front page were eliminated, editor Ward Bushees note heralded the issue as the start of a new era for the Chronicle. On July 6,2009, the paper unveiled some alterations to the new design that included yet newer section fronts and wider use of color photographs and graphics. In a special section publisher Frank J. Vega described new, the newer look was accompanied by a reduction in size of the broadsheet. On November 9,2009, the Chronicle became the first newspaper in the nation to print on high-quality glossy paper, the high-gloss paper is used for some section fronts and inside pages. As of 2013 the publisher of the Chronicle is Jeffrey Johnson, audrey Cooper was named editor-in-chief in January 2015 and is the first woman to hold the position
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Washington Redskins
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The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team based in the Washington metropolitan area. The Redskins compete in the National Football League as a member of the National Football Conference East division. The Redskins have played more than 1,000 games since 1932, the Redskins have won five NFL Championships. The franchise has captured 14 NFL divisional titles and six NFL conference championships, the Redskins were the first team in the NFL with an official marching band, and also the first team to have a fight song, Hail to the Redskins. The team began play as the Boston Braves in 1932, based in Boston, before relocating to Washington, the Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 Championship games, as well as Super Bowls XVII, XXII, and XXVI. They also played in, and lost, the 1936,1940,1943 and they have made 24 postseason appearances, and have an overall postseason record of 23–18. All of the Redskins league titles were attained during two 10-year spans, from 1936 to 1945, the Redskins went to the NFL Championship six times, winning two of them. The second period lasted between 1982 and 1991 where the Redskins appeared in the seven times, captured four Conference titles. The Redskins have also experienced failure in their history, the most notable period of general failure was from 1946 to 1970, during which the Redskins posted only four winning seasons and did not have a single postseason appearance. During this period, the Redskins went without a winning season during the years 1956–1968. In 1961, the franchise posted their worst regular season record with a 1–12–1 showing, since 1992, the Redskins have only won the NFC East three times, made five postseason appearances, and had nine seasons with a winning record.85 billion. They also set the NFL record for attendance in 2007. The team name and logo have been the subject of controversy, with lawsuits being filed by Native American groups who consider the team name, polls conducted in the 2010s have shown a lack of major support among fans for a name change. The team originated as the Boston Braves, based in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1932, at the time the team played in Braves Field, home of the Boston Braves baseball team. The following year the club moved to Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox, to round out the change, Marshall hired William Lone Star Dietz, who was part Sioux, as the teams head coach. However, Boston wasnt much of a town at the time. The Redskins relocated to Washington, D. C. in 1937, in their early years in Washington, the Redskins shared Griffith Stadium with the Washington Senators baseball team. The Redskins played and won their first game in Washington, D. C. on September 16,1937, on December 5,1937, they earned their first division title in Washington against the Giants, 49–14, for the Eastern Championship
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Seattle Seahawks
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The Seattle Seahawks are a professional American football franchise based in Seattle, Washington. The Seahawks compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues National Football Conference West division. The Seahawks joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team, the Seahawks are owned by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and are currently coached by Pete Carroll. Since 2002, the Seahawks have played their games at CenturyLink Field. The Seahawks previously played games in the Kingdome and Husky Stadium. Seahawks fans have referred to collectively as the 12th Man, 12th Fan. Largent, Kennedy, Jones, and Easley have been voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame primarily or wholly for their accomplishments as Seahawks. Brown, Easley, Green, Jones, Kennedy, Krieg, Largent, Warner, the Seahawks have won ten division titles and three conference championships. They are the team to have played in both the AFC and NFC Championship Games. They are also the first, and to date only, post-merger expansion team in NFL history to play in consecutive Super Bowls, as per one of the agreed parts of the 1970 AFL–NFL merger, the NFL began planning to expand from 26 to 28 teams. In June 1972, Seattle Professional Football Inc. a group of Seattle business and community leaders, in June 1974, the NFL gave the city an expansion franchise. That December, NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle announced the signing of the franchise agreement by Lloyd W. Nordstrom. In March 1975, John Thompson, former Executive Director of the NFL Management Council, the name Seattle Seahawks was selected on June 17,1975 after a public naming contest which drew more than 20,000 entries and over 1,700 different names. Thompson recruited and hired Jack Patera, a Minnesota Vikings assistant coach, to be the first head coach of the Seahawks, the hiring was announced on January 3,1976. The expansion draft was held March 30–31,1976, with Seattle, the Seahawks were awarded the 2nd overall pick in the 1976 draft, a pick they used on defensive tackle Steve Niehaus. The team took the field for the first time on August 1,1976 in a game against the San Francisco 49ers in the then newly constructed Kingdome. The Seahawks are, to date, the only NFL team to switch conferences twice in the post-merger era, the franchise began play in 1976 in the aforementioned NFC West but switched conferences with the Buccaneers after one season and joined the AFC West. The Seahawks won both matchups against the Buccaneers in their first two seasons, the former of which was the Seahawks first regular season victory, in 1983, the Seahawks hired Chuck Knox as head coach
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USC Trojans football
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The USC Trojans football program, established in 1888, represents the University of Southern California in college football. USC is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I FBS, the Trojans throughout NCAA history have claimed 11 national championships. USC has the most Pro Football Hall of Famers, USC has the highest all-time post-season winning percentage of schools with 25 or more bowl appearances. The team is coached by Clay Helton, USC first fielded a football team in 1888. Playing its first game on November 14 of that year against the Alliance Athletic Club, USC faced its first collegiate opponent the following year in fall 1889, playing St. Vincents College to a 40–0 victory. In 1893, USC joined the Intercollegiate Football Association of Southern California, which was composed of USC, Occidental College, Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pomona College was invited to enter, but declined to do so. An invitation was extended to Los Angeles High School. Before they were named Trojans in 1912, USC athletic teams were called the Methodists, during the early years, limitations in travel and the scarcity of major football-playing colleges on the West Coast limited its rivalries to local Southern Californian colleges and universities. During this period USC played regular series against Occidental, Caltech, Whittier, Pomona, the first USC team to play outside of Southern California went to Stanford University on November 4,1905, where they were trampled 16–0 by the traditional West Coast powerhouse. While the teams would not meet again until 1918, this was also USCs first game against a future Pac-12 conference opponent, during this period USC also played its first games against other future Pac-12 rivals, including Oregon State, California, Oregon and Arizona. Between 1911–1913, USC followed the example of California and Stanford, the results were disastrous, as USC was soundly defeated by more experienced programs while the school itself experienced financial reverses, it was during this period that Owen R. After several decades of competition, USC first achieved prominence under head coach Gloomy Gus Henderson in the early 1920s. Another milestone came under Henderson in 1922, when USC joined the Pacific Coast Conference, success continued under coach Howard Jones from 1925 to 1940, when the Trojans were just one of a few nationally dominant teams. It was during this era that the achieved renown as the Thundering Herd. USC achieved intermittent success in the years following Jones tenure, jeff Cravath, who coached from 1942–1950, won the Rose Bowl in 1943 and 1945. Jess Hill, who coached from 1951 to 1956, won the Rose Bowl in 1953, from 1957 to 1959, the Trojans were coached by Don Clark. The Pacific Coast Conference dissolved in 1959, USC joined the conferences other three California schools and Washington to form a new conference, the Athletic Association of Western Universities, under a new charter. The program entered a new golden age upon the arrival of head coach John McKay, during this period the Trojans produced two Heisman Trophy winners and won four national championships
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Oregon State University
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Oregon State University is a coeducational, public research university in the northwest United States, located in Corvallis, Oregon. The university offers more than 200 undergraduate degree programs along with numerous graduate and it is also the largest university in the state, with a total enrollment exceeding 28,000. More than 230,000 people have graduated from OSU since its founding. S, OSU is one of 73 land-grant universities in the United States. The school is also a sea-grant, space-grant, and sun-grant institution, OSU received $308.9 million in research grants and contracts for the 2015 fiscal year, which is more research funding than all other public universities in Oregon combined. The universitys roots date back to 1856, when it was established as the areas first community school for primary and preparatory education, throughout the universitys history, the name changed eleven times. Like other early established land-grant colleges and universities, the majority of changes occurred through the 1920s. Generally, name changes were made to align a school with the largest available federal grants in agriculture research. Corvallis area Freemasons played an important role in developing the early school, the school offered its first college-level curriculum in 1865, under the administration of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. On August 22,1868, official articles of incorporation were filed for Corvallis College, October 27,1868, is known as OSU Charter Day. The Oregon Legislative Assembly designated Corvallis College as the college of the state of Oregon. Acceptance of this grant required the college to comply with the requirements set forth in the First Morrill Act, the school was then authorized to grant the Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts degrees. The first graduating class was in 1870, granting Bachelor of Arts degrees, the Oregon Unification Bill was passed in 1929 by the Legislative Assembly, which placed the school under the oversight of the newly formed Oregon State Board of Higher Education. A doctoral in education was first offered in the early 1930s and this year also saw the creation of the first summer session. The growing diversity in degree programs led to name change in 1937. The universitys current title, Oregon State University, was adopted on March 6,1961, in 2007, Scott Reed was named the Vice Provost for Outreach and Engagement as OSU Extension Service and OSU Ecampus were aligned under this new division. Ecampus delivers OSU degree programs and courses online and at a distance to students worldwide, Research has played a central role in the universitys overall operations for much of its history. Most of OSUs research continues at the Corvallis campus, but a number of endeavors are underway at various locations throughout the state. Current research facilities, beyond the campus, include the Seafood Laboratory in Astoria, CEOAS is now co-leading the largest ocean science project in U. S. history, the Ocean Observatories Initiative
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