Great Frost of 1709
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The Great Frost, as it was known in England, or Le Grand Hiver, as it was known in France, was an extraordinarily cold winter in Europe in 1708–1709, and was the coldest European winter during the pas
Le lagon gelé en 1709, by Gabriele Bella, part of a lagoon which froze over in 1709, Venice, Italy
The War of the Spanish Succession was a conflict between the European great powers, fought between 1701 and 1714. The death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a succession cr
Great Frost of 1709
…with the subsequent famine estimated to have caused 600,000 deaths by the end of 1710. Because the famine occurred during France's engagement in the War of the Spanish Succession, there were contemporary nationalist claims that there were no deaths from starvation in the kingdom of France in 1709. This winter event has drawn the…
Clockwise, from top left: Battle of Blenheim (13 August 1704) Battle of Ramillies (23 May 1706) Battle of Almansa (25 April 1707) Battle of Denain (24 July 1712)
Proclamation of Philip of Anjou as Philip V of Spain, Versailles, 16 November 1700
Francis Rákóczi, leader of the 1703–1711 Hungarian revolt; funded by France, this was a major distraction for Austria
Anthonie Heinsius, Grand Pensionary