1.
Hyderabad State
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Hyderabad State, also known as Hyderabad Deccan, was an Indian princely state located in the south-central region of India with its capital at the city of Hyderabad. It is now divided into Telangana state, Hyderabad-Karnataka region of Karnataka, the state was ruled from 1724 until 1948 by a hereditary Nizam who was initially a Mughal governor of the Deccan before becoming independent. Hyderabad gradually became the first princely state to come under British paramountcy signing an alliance agreement. However, with the rise of militant razakars, India found it necessary to station Indian troops, subsequently, the Nizam signed an instrument of accession, joining India. Hyderabad State was founded by Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan who was the governor of Deccan under the Mughals from 1713 to 1721, in 1724, he once again resumed rule under the title of Asaf Jah. His other title Nizam ul-Mulk, became the title of his position Nizam of Hyderabad, by the end of his rule, the Nizam had become independent from the Mughals, and had founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty. Following the decline of the Mughal power, the region of Deccan saw the rise of Maratha Empire, the Nizam himself saw many invasions by the Marathas in the 1720s, which resulted in the Nizam paying a regular tax to the Marathas. The major battles fought between the Marathas and the Nizam include Palkhed, Rakshasbhuvan, and Kharda, in all of which the Nizam lost. Following the conquest of Deccan by Bajirao I and the imposition of chauth by him, Nizam remained a tributary of the Marathas for all intent, from 1778, a British resident and soldiers were installed in his dominions. In 1795, the Nizam lost some of his own territories to the Marathas, the territorial gains of the Nizam from Mysore as an ally of the British were ceded to the British to meet the cost of maintaining the British soldiers. In 1798, Nizam ʿĀlī Khan was forced to enter into an agreement which put Hyderabad under British protection and he was the first Indian prince to do so. Hyderabad under Nizam Ali Khan was a British ally in the second and third Maratha Wars, by 1918 Nizam Mīr Us̄mān ʿĀlī was given British titles, but the Crown retained the right to intervene in case of misrule. Hyderabad was considered backward, but peaceful, during this time, hyderabad’s Muslim nizams ruled over a predominantly Hindu population. The last Nizam, Osman Ali Khan, was one of the worlds richest men in the 1930s. In 1947 India gained independence and Pakistan came into existence, the British left the rulers of the princely states the choice of whether to join one or the other. On 11 June 1947, the Nizam issued a declaration to the effect that he had decided not to participate in the Constituent Assembly of either Pakistan or India, India insisted that the great majority of residents wanted to join India. The Nizam was in a position as his army numbered only 24,000 men. On 4 September the Prime Minister of Hyderabad Mir Laiq Ali announced to the Hyderabad Assembly that a delegation was about to leave for Lake Success, headed by Moin Nawaz Jung
2.
Musi River (India)
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Musi River is a tributary of the Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau flowing through Telangana state in India. Hyderabad stands on the banks of Musi river, which divides the old city with the new city. Himayat Sagar and Osman Sagar are dams built on it used to act as source of water for Hyderabad. It was known as Muchukunda river in olden days, and the reason for the change of name is not known. The river originates in Anantagiri Hills near Vikarabad, Ranga Reddy district,90 kilometers to the west of Hyderabad and it joins the Krishna River at Vadapally in Nalgonda district after covering a distance of about 240 km. There are many bridges across the river in Hyderabad, the oldest bridge, Purana pul was built during the reign of Ibrahim Qutub shah in 1579 A. D. Nayapul, near High Court was added later. There are other bridges in Dabirpura, Chaderghat, Amberpet, Uppal Kalan, on Tuesday 28 September 1908, Hyderabad witnessed disastrous floods of the River Musi, flowing through the city. In one day,17 inches of rainfall was recorded and the level at Afzalgunj was about 11 feet high. These floods caused huge devastation to Hyderabad and killed around 15,000 people, the modern era of the development of the twin cities began soon after these floods in 1908. Abdallah Ahmed Bin Mahfooz submitted his report on October 1,1909, with recommendations on preventing a recurrence of floods, nizam VII constituted a City Improve Trust in 1912. He built a control system on the river. A dam was built in 1920 across the river, ten miles upstream from the city called Osman Sagar, in 1927 another reservoir was built on Esi and named Himayat Sagar. These lakes prevented the flooding of the River Musi and are drinking water sources for Hyderabad city. Due to indiscriminate urbanization and lack of planning, the river has become a receptacle of untreated domestic and it is estimated that nearly 350 MLD of polluted water and sewage originating from Hyderabad and Secunderabad flow into the river. Efforts to clean it have failed, the river water downstream of the cities remains highly polluted, considered a major disaster in Hyderabad. Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, Southern Region, salient Features of the Prakasam District
3.
Purana pul
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Purana Pul, built in 1578 AD is a bridge over river Musi in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is the first bridge constructed in Hyderabad and among the oldest in South India. It was built during the reign of Qutub Shahi dynasty, to connect Golconda, the bridge is now defunct, and is used as a vegetable market but remains one of the oldest landmarks of Hyderabad. It was the surviving bridge after the Great Musi Flood of 1908. Prince Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah was in love with Bhagmatii, a Hindu woman who lived on the side of river Musi. His father Sultan Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah decided to build the bridge so that his son could cross over the river safely, for this reason, it was also known as Pyar-ana pul. The bridge has 22 arches and is 600 feet long and 35 feet broad and 54 feet above the river bed
4.
Tamarind
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Tamarind is a leguminous tree in the family Fabaceae indigenous to tropical Africa. The genus Tamarindus is a taxon, having only a single species. The tamarind tree produces edible, pod-like fruit which is used extensively in cuisines around the world, other uses include traditional medicine and metal polish. The wood can be used for woodworking, because of the tamarinds many uses, cultivation has spread around the world in tropical and subtropical zones. It grows wild in Africa in locales as diverse as Sudan, Cameroon, Nigeria, in Arabia, it is found growing wild in Oman, especially Dhofar, where it grows on the sea-facing slopes of mountains. It reached South Asia likely through human transportation and cultivation several years prior to the Common Era. It is widely distributed throughout the belt, from Africa to South Asia, northern Australia. Today, India is the largest producer of tamarind, the consumption of tamarind is widespread due to its central role in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and the Americas, particularly Mexico. The tamarind is a long-lived, medium-growth shrub, which attains a maximum height of 12 to 18 metres. The crown has an irregular, vase-shaped outline of dense foliage, the tree grows well in full sun in clay, loam, sandy, and acidic soil types, with a high resistance to drought and aerosol salt. The evergreen leaves are arranged and pinnately compound. The leaflets are green, elliptical ovular, pinnately veined. The branches droop from a single, central trunk as the tree matures and is often pruned in agriculture to optimize tree density, at night, the leaflets close up. The tamarind does flower, though inconspicuously, with red and yellow elongated flowers, flowers are 2.5 cm wide, five-petalled, borne in small racemes, and yellow with orange or red streaks. Buds are pink as the four sepals are pink and are lost when the flower blooms, the fruit is an indehiscent legume, sometimes called a pod,12 to 15 cm in length, with a hard, brown shell. The fruit has a fleshy, juicy, acidulous pulp and it is mature when the flesh is coloured brown or reddish brown. The tamarinds of Asia have longer pods containing six to 12 seeds, whereas African, the seeds are somewhat flattened, and glossy brown. The tamarind is best described as sweet and sour in taste, and is high in acid, sugar, B vitamins
5.
Amjad Hyderabadi
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Amjad Hussain, better known by the pen-name Amjad Hyderabadi, was an Urdu and Persian Rubai poet from Hyderabad, India. In Urdu poetic circles he is known as Hakim-al-Shuara. During the rule of Nizam of Hyderabad, a flood occurred on 28 September 1908) on the River Musi, Hyderabadi was one of the 150 people who saved their lives by hanging on to the branches of a tamarind tree. He later wrote a poem Qayamat-e-Soghra detailing his experience, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the tragedy, Satyanarayana Danish recited this poem. The Warsi Brothers, an Indian Qawwali musical group, regularly recited his poems in their Qawali in various countries, Hyderabadi was born in Hyderabad Deccan into a small family. He saw his family, including his mother, wife and daughter get washed away in the Musi River flood of 1908. Most of his Rubai reflects his depression at the loss of his family and this is an example, Rubayat Amjad Hyderabadi Adabi ijlas wo Mushaera Hakeem Al Shuara Amjaad Hyderabadi Masterpieces of Urdu Rubaiyat by K C Kanda. Hyderabadi Muslims English Translation of Amjads urdu rubai Famous Nazam Banday ho Agar Rab Kay to rab Say Mango
