Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with over 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include Gnaphosa, Drassodes, Micaria, Cesonia, Zelotes and many others. They are closely related to Clubionidae. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans.
Ground spider
Unidentified species.
Spinnerets of an Eastern parson spider (Herpyllus ecclesiasticus) in the family Gnaphosidae.
Endites and labium (also fangs and sternum) of an Eastern parson spider.
Zelotes is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by J. Gistel in 1848.
Zelotes