Groundwater sapping is a geomorphic erosion process that results in the headward migration of channels in response to near constant fluid discharge at a fixed point. The consistent flow of water displ
Scientists believe that groundwater sapping created these gullies in Noachis Terra on Mars.[citation needed] NASA image.
The two canyons at center-left in this photo from Canyonlands National Park in Utah have the theater-shaped heads typical of valley features shaped by groundwater sapping. The Green River is at right.
Valley networks are branching networks of valleys on Mars that superficially resemble terrestrial river drainage basins. They are found mainly incised into the terrain of the Martian southern highland
Groundwater sapping
…become wider with distance from their source. Groundwater sapping has been suggested as the cause for erosion of the valley and channel networks on Mars, although studies show that groundwater alone can not excavate and transport the material required to create these canyons. Sapping typically occurs…
Part of a valley network near Warrego Valles, seen by THEMIS. Length of image is roughly 50 km.
Finer scale valley networks near Candor Chasma, seen by HiRISE (click to zoom). Field of view is roughly 3.5 km across. Surface the valleys are cut into appears to be eroding back.
The Eberswalde delta, seen by MGS. Note the meanders with cutoffs, now seen in inverted relief.