Gruffudd ap Cynan was King of Gwynedd from 1081 until his death in 1137. In the course of a long and eventful life, he became a key figure in Welsh resistance to Norman rule.
Gruffudd ap Cynan escapes from Chester; Illustration by T. Prytherch, 1900
Gruffudd was buried in Bangor Cathedral.
Gruffudd ap Cynan's Coats of Arms of Welsh King, Chirk Castle
Robert of Rhuddlan was a Norman adventurer who became lord of much of north-east Wales and for a period lord of all North Wales.
Rhuddlan, territory of Robert of Rhuddlan
Twthill, reconstruction of Old Rhuddlan Castle