The Guahibo people are an indigenous people native to the Llanos or savanna plains in eastern Colombia and in southern Venezuela near the Colombian border. Their population was estimated at 23,772 people in 1998.

The U'wa are an indigenous people living in the cloud forests of northeastern Colombia. Historically, the U'wa numbered as many as 20,000, scattered over a homeland that extended across the Venezuela-Colombia border. Some 7-8,000 U'wa are alive today.