Guillermo David Endara Galimany was a Panamanian politician who served as the president of Panama from 1989 to 1994. Raised in a family allied to Panameñista Party founder Arnulfo Arias, Endara attended school in exile in the United States and Argentina following Arias's removal from power. Endara later received a law degree in Panama. He subsequently served as a member of Panama's National Assembly, and briefly as a government minister before heading into exile again following Arias' third overthrow.
Endara in 1993
U.S. President Bill Clinton with the Central American leaders in the White House, 1993. Endara is the third from the right, arm in arm with Nicaraguan President Violeta Chamorro.
Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno was a Panamanian politician, military officer who was the de facto ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989. He never actually served as president of Panama, instead ruling as an unelected military dictator through puppet presidents. Amassing a personal fortune through drug trafficking operations by the Panamanian military, Noriega had longstanding ties with American intelligence agencies before the U.S. invasion of Panama removed him from power.
Noriega's mug shot after his surrender to U.S. forces in 1990
Noriega in an Instituto Nacional yearbook
The School of the Americas (photographed in 2006), where Noriega took several courses.
U.S. President Jimmy Carter shaking hands with Torrijos after signing the Panama Canal Treaty.
