1.
Craig Glenday
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The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time. As of the 2017 edition, it is now in its 63rd year of publication, the international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. On 10 November 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, then the director of the Guinness Breweries, went on a shooting party in the North Slob, by the River Slaney in County Wexford. After missing a shot at a golden plover, he involved in an argument over which was the fastest game bird in Europe. That evening at Castlebridge House, he realised that it was impossible to confirm in reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europes fastest game bird. Beaver knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly in pubs throughout Ireland and abroad and he realised then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove successful. Beavers idea became reality when Guinness employee Christopher Chataway recommended University friends Norris and Ross McWhirter, the twin brothers were commissioned to compile what became The Guinness Book of Records in August 1954. A thousand copies were printed and given away, after the founding of The Guinness Book of Records at 107 Fleet Street, the first 198-page edition was bound on 27 August 1955 and went to the top of the British best seller lists by Christmas. The following year, it launched in the US, and sold 70,000 copies, since then, Guinness World Records has become a household name and the global leader in world records. Because the book became a hit, many further editions were printed, eventually settling into a pattern of one revision a year, published in September/October. The McWhirters continued to compile it for many years, Ross McWhirter was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1975. Following Ross assassination, the feature in the show where questions about records posed by children were answered was called Norris on the Spot, Guinness Superlatives Limited was formed in 1954 to publish the first book. Sterling Publishing owned the rights to the Guinness book in the US for decades, and, under their management, the group was owned by Guinness PLC and subsequently Diageo until 2001, when it was purchased by Gullane Entertainment. Gullane was itself purchased by HIT Entertainment in 2002, with offices in New York City and Tokyo, Guinness World Records global headquarters remain in London, while its museum attractions are based at Ripley headquarters in Orlando, Florida, US. Recent editions have focused on record feats by person competitors, many records also relate to the youngest person who achieved something, such as the youngest person to visit all nations of the world, being Maurizio Giuliano. Each edition contains a selection of the records from the Guinness database, as well as new records. The majority of records are no longer listed in the book or on the website. For those unable to wait the 4–6 weeks for a reply, the Guinness Book of Records is the worlds most sold copyrighted book, earning it an entry within its own pages
2.
Jim Pattison Group
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The Jim Pattison Group is Canada’s largest privately held company and, in a recent survey by the Financial Post, The Jim Pattison Group was ranked as Canada’s 62nd largest company. Jim Pattison, a Vancouver-based entrepreneur is the Chairman, President, CEO, the Jim Pattison Group has more than 39,000 employees, and annual sales of $8.4 billion. With investments in Canada, the U. S.4 billion 2000 - Opened Ripleys Aquarium of The Smokies, Gatlinburg, TN Employees,22,000 Sales, Employees,25,000 Sales, $5.2 billion 2003 - Acquired LIN PAC Inc. 2013 - Acquired Sun-Rype Products Ltd. 2014* Purchased 5 John Deere Dealerships in Saskatchewan,2015 - Employees,39,000 Sales, $8. Select Media Services Ripley Entertainment - Owners of the Ripleys Believe It or Not, genpak - independent supplier of disposable food service packaging in the US and Canada
3.
Reference book
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A reference work is a book or periodical to which one can refer for information. The information is intended to be found quickly when needed, Reference works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in works is informative, the authors avoid use of the first person. Many reference works are compiled by a team of contributors whose work is coordinated by one or more editors rather than by an individual author, indices are commonly provided in many types of reference work. Updated editions are published as needed, in some cases annually. Reference works include dictionaries, thesauruses, encyclopedias, almanacs, bibliographies, many reference works are available in electronic form and can be obtained as application software, CD-ROMs, DVDs, or online through the Internet. A reference work is useful to its users if they attribute some degree of trust, in comparison, a reference book or reference-only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and may not be borrowed from the library. Many such books are works, which are, usually, used briefly or photocopied from. Keeping them in the library assures that they always be available for use on demand. Some reference-only books are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out, reference-only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from circulating items. Some libraries consist entirely, or to an extent, of books which may not be borrowed. An electronic resource is a piece of information that is stored electronically, general American Reference Books Annual, ARBA. Littleton, Col. Libraries Unlimited, 1970- Bergenholtz, H. Nielsen, S. Tarp, S. Lexicography at a Crossroads, Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Today, printed Reference Material London, Library Association Katz, W. A. Introduction to Reference Work, 3rd ed.2 vols, new York, McGraw-Hill Nielsen, Sandro The Effect of Lexicographical Information Costs on Dictionary Making and Use. J. Walfords Concise Guide to Reference Material, London, Library Association ISBN 0-85365-882-X, p.19. Books of Reference for School Libraries, an annotated list, 2nd ed. London, Library Association Malclès, geneva, Droz, 1950-58 Sheehy, E. P. et al. comps. Guide to Reference Books, 9th ed. Chicago, American Library Association, Supplement,1980 Totok, W. & Weitzel, aufl. hrg. von W. Totok, K. -H. Frankfurt am Main, Klostermann Day, Alan, walford, A. J. Walfords Guide to Reference Material
4.
Guinness
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Guinness is an Irish dry stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness at St. Jamess Gate brewery in the capital city of Dublin, Ireland. Guinness, produced by the Diageo beverages company, is one of the most successful beer brands worldwide and it is brewed in almost 50 countries and is available in over 120. Annual sales total of Guinness in 2011 was 850 million litres, Guinness features a burnt flavour that is derived from roasted, unmalted barley, although this is a relatively modern development, not becoming part of the grist until the mid-20th century. For many years, a portion of aged brew was blended with freshly brewed beer to give a sharp lactic flavour, although Guinnesss palate still features a characteristic tang, the company has refused to confirm whether this type of blending still occurs. The draught beers thick, creamy head comes from mixing the beer with nitrogen and it is popular with the Irish, both in Ireland and abroad. In spite of declining consumption since 2001, it is still the best-selling alcoholic drink in Ireland where Guinness & Co, Brewery makes almost €2 billion worth of the beverage annually. The company was started in 1759 in Dublin, but had to move its headquarters to London at the beginning of the Anglo-Irish Trade War in 1932, in 1997, Guinness plc merged with Grand Metropolitan to form the multinational alcoholic drinks producer Diageo. Arthur Guinness started brewing ales in 1759 at the St. Jamess Gate Brewery, on 31 December 1759, he signed a 9,000 year lease at £45 per annum for the unused brewery. Ten years later, on 19 May 1769, Guinness first exported his ale, there have been claims that Arthur Price, a Welshman, took the original recipe with him to Ireland where he hired a servant, Richard Guinness, whose son later opened the brewery. Stout originally referred to a strength, but eventually shifted meaning toward body. Arthur Guinness started selling the dark beer porter in 1778, the first Guinness beers to use the term were Single Stout and Double Stout in the 1840s. Throughout the bulk of its history, Guinness produced only three variations of a beer type, porter or single stout, double or extra. Porter was also referred to as plain, as mentioned in the refrain of Flann OBriens poem The Workmans Friend. Already one of the top-three British and Irish brewers, Guinnesss sales soared from 350,000 barrels in 1868 to 779,000 barrels in 1876, in October 1886 Guinness became a public company, and was averaging sales of 1,138,000 barrels a year. This was despite the refusal to either advertise or offer its beer at a discount. The breweries pioneered several quality control efforts, by 1900 the brewery was operating unparalleled welfare schemes for its 5,000 employees. By 1907 the welfare schemes were costing the brewery £40,000 a year, the improvements were suggested and supervised by Sir John Lumsden. By 1914, Guinness was producing 2,652,000 barrels of beer a year, which was more than double that of its nearest competitor Bass, in the 1930s, Guinness became the seventh largest company in the world
5.
North Slob
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The North Slob is an area of mud-flats at the estuary of the River Slaney at Wexford Harbour, Ireland. The North Slob is an area of 1,000 hectares that was reclaimed in the century by the building of a sea wall. The North Slob is the lowest point in Ireland and in the wider British Isles,200 hectares of this reclaimed land is a nature reserve that is jointly owned and managed by BirdWatch Ireland and the National Parks and Wildlife Service as the Wexford Wildfowl Reserve. The reserve is open to the public, the North Slob provides the winter home for 10,000 white-fronted geese, about one third of the world population, which migrate to Greenland for the summer months. The Wexford Wildfowl Reserve was designated a Ramsar site in 1984, the North Slob is part of the Wexford Harbour Special Protection Area of 2,734 ha. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records has its origins in the North Slob and that evening at Castlebridge House he realised that it was impossible to confirm in reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europes fastest game bird. He knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly in pubs in Britain and Ireland and he realised then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove popular. The North Slob featured on the Open University and BBCs Coast Programme
6.
River Slaney
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The River Slaney is a large river in the southeast of Ireland. The estuary of the Slaney is wide and shallow and is known as Wexford Harbour, the catchment area of the River Slaney is 1,762 km2. The long term average flow rate of the River Slaney is 37.4 Cubic Metres per second Towns on the Slaney include Stratford-on-Slaney, Baltinglass, Tullow, Bunclody, Enniscorthy, over the rivers 117 kilometre course, it is crossed by 32 road bridges and one railway bridge. Varied and plentiful wildlife can be found in the environs of the river, in Wicklow, herds of deer can be seen, as well as swans, dippers, wild ducks, herons and kingfishers. At dusk, bats, owls and otters may be seen, while the mudflats of the estuary are favoured by black-headed gulls, redshanks, the rare goosander can be seen on the Slaney at Kildavin. In season, salmon and trout and pike are fished, tributaries of the Slaney include the River Derreen, the River Derry, the River Clody, the River Bann, the River Urrin, the River Boro, and the River Sow. Rivers of Ireland River Slaney, Environment Under Threat Information on salmon fishing on the Slaney from the Salmon Ireland website
7.
County Wexford
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County Wexford is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the South-East Region and it is named after the town of Wexford and was based on the historic Gaelic territory of Hy Kinsella, whose capital was Ferns. Wexford County Council is the authority for the county. The population of the county is 145,273 according to the 2011 census, the county is rich in evidence of early human habitation. Portal tombs exist at Ballybrittas and at Newbawn — and date from the Neolithic period or earlier, remains from the Bronze Age period are far more widespread. Early Irish tribes formed the Kingdom of Uí Cheinnsealaig, an area that was larger than the current County Wexford. County Wexford was one of the earliest areas of Ireland to be Christianised, later, from 819 onwards, the Vikings plundered many Christian sites in the county. Wexford town became a Viking settlement near the end of the 9th century, the native Irish began to regain some of their former territories in the 14th century, especially in the north of the county, principally under Art MacMurrough Kavanagh. Under Henry VIII the great houses were dissolved, 1536–41, in County Wexford this included Glascarrig Priory, Clonmines Priory, Tintern Abbey. On 23 October 1641, a rebellion broke out in Ireland. Oliver Cromwell and his English Parliamentarian Army arrived 1649 in the county, the lands of the Irish and Anglo-Normans were confiscated and given to Cromwells soldiers as payment for their service in the Parliamentarian Army. At Duncannon, in the south-west of the county, James II, after his defeat at the Battle of the Boyne, embarked for Kinsale, the famous ballad Boolavogue was written in remembrance of the Wexford Rising. At Easter 1916, a rebellion occurred at Enniscorthy town. During World War II, German planes bombed Campile, in 1963 John F. Kennedy, then President of the United States, visited the county and his ancestral home at Dunganstown, near New Ross. Wexford is the 13th largest of Irelands thirty-two counties in area and it is the largest of Leinsters 12 counties in size, and fourth largest in terms of population. The county is located in the south-east corner of the island of Ireland and it is bounded by the sea on two sides—on the south by the Atlantic Ocean and on the east by St. Georges Channel and the Irish Sea. The River Barrow forms its western boundary, the Blackstairs Mountains form part of the boundary to the north, as do the southern edges of the Wicklow Mountains. The adjoining counties are Waterford, Kilkenny, Carlow and Wicklow and this has resulted in Wexford becoming one of the most popular places in Ireland in which to reside
8.
Eurasian Golden Plover
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The European golden plover, also known as the Eurasian golden plover or just the golden plover within Europe, is a largish plover. This species is similar to two other golden plovers, the genus name is Latin and means relating to rain, from pluvia, rain. It was believed that golden plovers flocked when rain was imminent, the species name apricaria is Latin and means to bask in the sun. The European golden plover is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds applies. On 10 November 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, then the director of the Guinness Breweries, went on a shooting party in the North Slob, by the River Slaney in County Wexford. After missing a shot at a Eurasian golden plover, he involved in an argument over which was the fastest game bird in Europe. That evening at Castlebridge House, he realised that it was impossible to confirm in reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europes fastest game bird. Beaver knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly in pubs throughout Ireland and he realised then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove popular. A Guinness employee told Sir Hugh of two brothers, Norris and Ross McWhirter, who had opened a fact checking agency in London. Sir Hugh interviewed the brothers and, impressed by their prodigious knowledge, later, he published the first Guinness World Records which became a best seller within months. The European olden plover spends summers in Iceland, and in Icelandic folklore, the Icelandic media always covers the first plover sighting, which in 2017, took place on March 27,2017. Ageing and sexing by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze BirdLife species factsheet for Pluvialis apricaria Pluvialis apricaria, European Golden-Plover photo gallery at VIREO Interactive range map of Pluvialis apricaria at IUCN Red List maps Audio recordings of European golden plover on Xeno-canto. Pluvialis apricaria in the Flickr, Field Guide Birds of the World
9.
Game (food)
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Game or quarry is any animal hunted for sport or for food. The type and range of animals hunted for food varies in different parts of the world, in some countries, game is classified, including legal classification with respect to licences required, as either small game or large game. Game or quarry is any animal hunted for sport or for food, the term game arises in medieval hunting terminology by the late 13th century and is particular to English, from the generic meaning of Old English gamen joy, amusement, sport, merriment. Small game includes animals, such as rabbits, pheasants. Large game includes animals like deer and bear, big game is a term sometimes used interchangeably with large game although in other contexts it refers to large, typically African, mammals which are hunted mainly for trophies in safaris. The type and range of animals hunted for food varies in different parts of the world and this is influenced by climate, animal diversity, local taste and locally accepted views about what can or cannot be legitimately hunted. Sometimes a distinction is made between varieties and species of a particular animal, such as wild turkey and domestic turkey. Fish caught for sport are referred to as game fish, the flesh of the animal, when butchered for consumption is often described as having a gamey flavour. This difference in taste can be attributed to the diet of the animal. In some countries, game is classified, including legal classification with respect to licences required, a single small game licence may cover all small game species and be subject to yearly bag limits. Large game are often subject to individual licensing where a licence is required for each individual animal taken. In some parts of Africa, wild animals hunted for their meat are called bushmeat, see article for more detailed information on how this operates within the economy. In Africa, animals hunted for their pelts or ivory are sometimes referred to as the big game, also see the legal definition of game in Swaziland. South Africa has 62 species of gamebirds, including guineafowl, francolin, partridge, quail, sandgrouse, duck, geese, snipe, bustard, of the remaining 41 species,24 have shown an increase in numbers and distribution range in the last 25 years or so. The status of 14 species appears unchanged, with insufficient information being available for the three species. S. and Canada, deer are the most commonly hunted big game. Other game species include, In the PRC there is a special category called ye wei. In the UK game is defined in law by the Game Act 1831 and it is illegal to shoot game on Sundays or at night. Other that are hunted for food in the UK are specified under the Wildlife, the ban is generally considered voluntary on private lands, and few birds live away from RSPB or Forestry Commission land allegedly
10.
Red grouse
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The red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scotica, is a medium-sized bird of the grouse family which is found in heather moorland in Great Britain and Ireland. It is usually classified as a subspecies of the willow ptarmigan but is considered to be a separate species. It is also known as the moorcock, moorfowl or moorbird, Lagopus is derived from Ancient Greek lagos, meaning hare, + pous, foot, in reference to the feathered feet and toes typical of this cold-adapted genus, and scoticus is of Scotland. The red grouse is differentiated from the willow ptarmigan and rock ptarmigan by its plumage being reddish brown, the tail is black and the legs are white. There are white stripes on the underwing and red combs over the eye, females are less reddish than the males and have less conspicuous combs. Young birds are duller and lack the red combs, Birds in Ireland are sometimes thought to belong to a separate subspecies L. l. hibernica. They are slightly paler than those in Britain and the females have plumage with more finely barred underparts. This may be an adaptation to them in moorland with higher grass and sedge content. It is identified by its chut. chut. chut. chut. chut. chuttt, call, or the Goback, goback, goback vocalisation. The wings make a sound when the bird is disturbed from a resting place. Grouse populations display periodic cycling, where the population builds up to high densities only to crash a few years later. The main driver of this pattern is thought to be the parasitic nematode worm Trichostrongylus tenuis. However, in his book, V. C, the red grouse is endemic to the British Isles, it has developed in isolation from other subspecies of the willow ptarmigan which are widespread in northern parts of Eurasia and North America. It is found across most parts of Scotland, including Orkney, Shetland and they are only absent from urban areas, such as the Central Belt, the flatter areas of the north-east and around Fife. In Wales there are populations in places but their range has retracted. They are now absent from the far south, their main strongholds being Snowdonia, the Brecon Beacons. There are reports of Welsh birds crossing the Bristol Channel to Exmoor, there is an isolated introduced population on Dartmoor, and overspill Welsh birds visit the Shropshire Hills such as Long Mynd, where they breed. The Exmoor population would now appear to be extinct, with the last birds sighted as recently as 2005, an introduced population in Suffolk died out by the early 20th century, though a population on Cannock Chase in Staffordshire lasted longer
11.
Castlebridge
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Castlebridge is a large village on the R741 regional road in County Wexford, Ireland, north of Wexford Town. It is located near the River Slaney and just north of Wexford Harbour, Castlebridge is a rapidly expanding suburb of Wexford town, its population increased from 783 in 1996 to 1,013 in 2002, and to 1624 in the 2006 census, and 1726 in 2011. The Castle that originally stood in the village was dismantled to build such as the Church of Ireland Church. The river that flows through Castlebridge is actually a canal that replaced the original river and it was dug out by hand to allow sailing cots that loaded up in the various docks of Castlebridge to get to Wexford Town more quickly. Ardcavan operate a bus once a day each way to/from Dublin and Dublin Airport, Wexford Bus operate a route to/from Wexford with three journeys each way Mondays to Saturdays inclusive. Bus Éireann route 379 serves Castlebridge on Mondays and Saturdays whereas route 380 serves Castlebridge on Fridays, the centre of the village contains a 60x30 foot handball alley. The handball club has produced many county and Irish champions and members have competed at world championships in the US. Breen, who lived in Castlebridge but was originally from Bannow in the south of the county, was the first Wexford man to be President of the G. A. A. from 1924-1926. He was one of only two Wexford-born National President’s of the G. A. A and he also founded the Irish Handball Council and the St. Peters College Past Pupils Union. He is buried in Castlebridge cemetery, the village has a thriving community spirit with many community groups situated in the area. The well renowned Castlebridge Gospel Choir were founded in the village in 2003, Castlebridge is the founding place of the Guinness World Book of Records. On 10 November 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, then the director of the Guinness Breweries, went on a shooting party in the North Slob, by the River Slaney in County Wexford. He became involved in an argument over which was the fastest game bird in Europe and that evening at Castlebridge House, he realised that it was impossible to confirm in reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europes fastest game bird. Beaver knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly in pubs throughout Ireland and he realised then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove popular. There is a sign in the park in Castlebridge explaining the above, list of towns and villages in Ireland
12.
Christopher Chataway
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Sir Christopher John Chataway, often known as Chris Chataway, was a British middle- and long-distance runner, television news broadcaster, and Conservative politician. Born in Chelsea, London, Chataway spent his childhood in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Chataway had a short but distinguished athletics career. Chataway managed to finish the race in fifth place, on leaving university he took an executive job with Guinness. When Roger Bannister ran the first sub-four minute mile on 6 May 1954 at Oxford Universitys Iffley Road Track, Chataway, the contest was televised via the Eurovision network and made Chataway a sporting celebrity, that December he won the first BBC Sports Personality of the Year award. After competing in the 1956 Olympics, Chataway retired from athletics, though he continued to race for Thames Hare. Soon after leaving Oxford with a degree in politics, philosophy and economics and he thought a suitable job in the rapidly expanding world of television might help. He refused offers in sports TV and with panel and quiz shows and he and Robin Day were its first two newscasters. By this time he was considering another career, this time in politics. He had been elected as a Conservative to the London County Council in 1958 in Lewisham North. Lewisham North was a marginal seat won by Labour in a by-election in 1957. His maiden speech expressed the hope that the England cricket team would refuse to play a tour in apartheid South Africa, a highly unusual opinion for a Conservative. In Parliament, Chataway took up the issue of refugees, especially in Africa and he served as a Parliamentary Private Secretary before being appointed as a junior Education Minister in July 1962. In the 1964 election, his majority was slashed to 343, Chataway, with relevant ministerial experience, was persuaded to take over. He was elected an Alderman and appointed Leader of the Education Committee, Chataway was keen to return to Parliament, and the opportunity came in a byelection in Chichester in May 1969. He then resigned as ILEA Leader, in this post he took charge of introducing commercial radio for the first time, ending the BBC monopoly. After a reshuffle in April 1972 he was Minister for Industrial Development, when the Conservatives were defeated in the February 1974 election, Chataway announced his retirement from politics and he did not seek re-election at the October 1974 election. He then went into business becoming a Managing Director of Orion Bank, a consortium bank later acquired by one of its shareholders and he stayed with Orion, later as Vice Chairman, for 15 years. He was also the first Chairman of Groundwork, the environmental charity and his principal outside interest was ActionAid, a small overseas development charity, of which he became Hon Treasurer in 1974 and later Chairman
13.
Norris McWhirter
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Norris Dewar McWhirter, CBE was a British writer, political activist, co-founder of The Freedom Association, and a television presenter. He and his brother, Ross, were known internationally for the founding of Guinness World Records. After Rosss assassination by the Provisional Irish Republican Army, Norris carried on alone as editor, Norris and Ross were the twin sons of William McWhirter, the editor of the Sunday Pictorial, and Margaret Williamson. In 1929, as William was working on the founding of the Northcliffe Newspapers chain of provincial newspapers, like their elder brother, Kennedy, Norris and Ross were educated at Marlborough College and Trinity College, Oxford. Norris chose to complete his law degree in two rather than the usual three. Between 1943 and 1946, Norris served as a sub-lieutenant with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve on escort duty in Atlantic, McWhirter was an all-round athlete and represented Scotland at running during the 1950s. He and his brother became sports journalists in 1950, at the same time, he became a founding member of the Association of Track and Field Statisticians. McWhirter came to attention while working for the BBC as a sports commentator. On 6 May 1954, he kept the time when Roger Bannister ran the first sub four-minute mile, after the race, he began his announcement, As a result of Event Four, the one mile, the winner was R. G. One of the athletes covered was runner Christopher Chataway, the employee at Guinness who recommended them to Sir Hugh Beaver. In August 1955, the first slim green volume –198 pages long – was at the bookstalls, in 1954, the McWhirter brothers sued Daily Mail sports writer J. L. Manning for his critical piece about non-journalist sports writers. The McWhirters were awarded £300 in damages, McWhirter was also part of the BBC commentary team for their Olympic Games coverage between 1960 and 1976. Following Rosss murder, he co-founded the right-wing political organisation the National Association for Freedom in 1975, Ross was a critic of British government policy in Northern Ireland, and called for a tougher response by the Army against Irish republicans. Ross was shot dead by the IRA in 1975 at his home in Middlesex after offering a reward for leading to the apprehension of those carrying out a bombing campaign in London at the time. Norris was a member of the Secretariat of the anti-communist European Freedom Campaign and this groups co-ordinating committee consisted almost exclusively of representatives from countries behind the Iron Curtain. Both brothers were regulars on the BBC show Record Breakers and they were noted for their photographic memory, enabling them to provide detailed answers to any questions from the audience about entries in the Guinness Book of Records. After Rosss death, Norris continued to appear on the show, McWhirter was made a CBE in 1980. In 1957, Norris married Carole Eckert, who died in 1987, they had a son, in 1990, he married his secretary, Tessa von Weichardt, née Pocock
14.
Fleet Street
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Fleet Street is a major street in the City of London. It runs west to east from Temple Bar at the boundary with the City of Westminster to Ludgate Circus at the site of the London Wall, having been an important through route since Roman times, businesses were established along the road during the Middle Ages. Senior clergy lived in Fleet Street during this period there are several churches including Temple Church. Much of the industry moved out in the 1980s after News International set up cheaper manufacturing premises in Wapping, the term Fleet Street remains a metonym for the British national press, and pubs on the street once frequented by journalists remain popular. The street is mentioned in works by Charles Dickens and is where the legendary fictitious murderous barber Sweeney Todd lived. Fleet Street is named after the River Fleet, which runs from Hampstead to the River Thames at the edge of the City of London. It is one of the oldest roads outside the city and was established by the Middle Ages. In the 13th century, it was known as Fleet Bridge Street, the street runs east from Temple Bar, the boundary between the Cities of London and Westminster, as a continuation of the Strand from Trafalgar Square. It crosses Chancery Lane and Fetter Lane to reach Ludgate Circus by the London Wall, the road ahead is Ludgate Hill. The street numbering runs consecutively from west to east south-side and then east to west north-side and it links the Roman and medieval boundaries of the City after the latter was extended. The nearest London Underground stations are Temple, Chancery Lane, and Blackfriars tube/mainline station, London Bus routes 4,11,15,23,26,76 and 172 run along the full length of Fleet Street, while route 341 runs between Temple Bar and Fetter Lane. Fleet Street was established as a thoroughfare in Roman London and there is evidence that a route led west from Ludgate by 200 AD. Local excavations revealed remains of a Roman amphitheatre near Ludgate on what was Fleet Prison, the Saxons did not occupy the Roman city but established Lundenwic further west around what is now Aldwych and the Strand. Many prelates lived around the street during the Middle Ages, including the Bishops of Salisbury and St Davids, tanning of animal hides became established on Fleet Street owing to the nearby river, though this increased pollution leading to a ban on dumping rubbish by the mid-14th century. Many taverns and brothels were established along Fleet Street and have been documented as early as the 14th century, records show that Geoffrey Chaucer was fined two shillings for attacking a friar in Fleet Street, though modern historians believe this is apocryphal. An important landmark in Fleet Street during the late Middle Ages was a conduit that was the water supply for the area. When Anne Boleyn was crowned Queen following her marriage to Henry VIII in 1533, by the 16th century, Fleet Street, along with much of the City, was chronically overcrowded, and a Royal proclamation in 1580 banned any further building on the street. This had little effect, and construction continued, particularly timber, Prince Henrys Room over the Inner Temple gate dates from 1610 and is named after Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, eldest son of James I, who did not survive to succeed his father
15.
Provisional Irish Republican Army
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It was the biggest and most active republican paramilitary group during the Troubles. It saw itself as the successor to the original IRA and called simply the Irish Republican Army. It was also referred to as such by others. The Provisional IRA emerged in December 1969, following a split in the republican movement, the IRA initially focused on defence, but it began an offensive campaign in 1971. The IRAs primary goal was to force the British to negotiate a withdrawal from Northern Ireland and it used guerrilla tactics against the British Army and RUC in both rural and urban areas. It also carried out a campaign in Northern Ireland and England against what it saw as political. The IRA called a ceasefire in July 1997, after Sinn Féin was re-admitted into the Northern Ireland peace talks. It supported the 1998 Good Friday Agreement and in 2005 it disarmed under international supervision, the campaign was supported by arms and funding from Libya and from some Irish American groups. As a result, the IRA launched a new strategy known as the Long War and this saw them conduct a war of attrition against the British and increased emphasis on political activity, via the political party Sinn Féin. The success of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in mobilising support and winning elections led to the Armalite and ballot box strategy, with more time, the British demand was quickly dropped after the May 1997 general election in the UK. The IRA ceasefire was reinstated in July 1997 and Sinn Féin was admitted into all-party talks. The IRAs armed campaign, primarily in Northern Ireland but also in England and mainland Europe, the dead included around 1,100 members of the British security forces, and about 640 civilians. The IRA itself lost 275–300 members and an estimated 10,000 imprisoned at times over the 30-year period. The organisation remains classified as a proscribed terrorist group in the UK, two small groups split from the Provisional IRA, the Continuity IRA in 1986, and the Real IRA in 1997. Both reject the Good Friday Agreement and continue to engage in paramilitary activity and this new IRA group is estimated by Police Service of Northern Ireland intelligence sources to have between 250 and 300 active militants and many more supporting associates. The Provisional IRA was organised hierarchically, at the top of the organisation was the IRA Army Council, headed by the IRA Chief of Staff. All levels of the organisation were entitled to send delegates to IRA General Army Conventions, the GAC was the IRAs supreme decision-making authority. Since 1969, there have only three, in 1970,1986, and 2005, owing to the difficulty in organising such a large gathering of an illegal organisation in secret
16.
Diageo
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Diageo plc is a British multinational alcoholic beverages company, with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. It is the worlds largest producer of spirits and a producer of beer. Diageos brands include Smirnoff, Johnnie Walker, Baileys, and Guinness and it also owns 34% of Moët Hennessy, which owns brands including Moët & Chandon, Veuve Clicquot and Hennessy. It sells its products in over 180 countries and has offices in around 80 countries, Diageo has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index. It has a listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Diageo is a name that was created by the branding consultancy Wolff Olins in 1997. The name is composed of the Latin word dia, meaning day, and the Greek root geo, meaning world, Diageo was formed in 1997 from the merger of Guinness and Grand Metropolitan. The creation was driven by the executives Anthony Greener and Philip Yea at Guinness plus George Bull, Anthony Greener was the first executive chairman. Shares in Diageo began trading on the London Stock Exchange on 17 December 1997, Diageo owned Pillsbury until 2000 when it was sold to General Mills. In 2002, Diageo sold the Burger King fast food restaurant chain to a consortium led by US firm Texas Pacific for $1.5 billion, in February 2011 Diageo agreed to acquire the Turkish liquor company Mey Icki for US$2.1 billion. In May 2012, Diageo agreed to acquire Ypioca, the brand of premium cachaça in Brazil. This did not, however, involve retaining the original Johnnie Walker plant, in Kilmarnock, in November 2012 Diageo agreed to acquire a 53. 4% stake in the Indian spirits company United Spirits for £1.28 billion. In 2013 Diageo joined leading alcohol producers as part of a producers commitments to reducing harmful drinking, in November 2014 Diageo agreed to sell Bushmills Irish whiskey in exchange for $408 million and full ownership of tequila brand Don Julio. In October 2015, Diageo announced the sale of most of its business to Treasury Wine Estates. Other brands, such as Navarro Correas and Chalone Vineyard, were sold separately, in March 2016 the company sold Grand Marnier, a cognac and bitter orange-based liqueur, to Italian aperitif maker Campari Group. In February 2017, Diageo announced plans to open a Guinness brewery and tourist attraction Baltimore County, the brewery could potentially create 70 new jobs and host as many as 300,000 visitors per year. It also has a large distillery at Roseisle in Speyside. Furthermore, Diageo owns a 34% stake in the Moet Hennessy drinks division of French luxury goods company LVMH, Diageos head office is in Park Royal, London Borough of Brent, on a former Guinness brewery property
17.
HIT Entertainment
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HIT Entertainment Ltd. is a British–American entertainment company owned by Mattel and originally established in 1983 from Henson International Television. It was founded as the distribution arm of Jim Henson Productions. HIT owns and distributes television series, including the shows Barney & Friends, Bob the Builder, Thomas & Friends, Fireman Sam. In 1983, the Jim Henson Television company founded Henson International Television as a company for their childrens television. Jim Henson Productions started negotiations with The Walt Disney Company regarding a purchase of the company in the late 1980s. HiT continued distributing programming by initially signing Postman Pat and Alvin & the Chipmunks series, the company then financed and distributed Wind in the Willows and the Peter Rabbit animated features. In 1990, Flextech took a 23% share in HiT for about £600,000, the HiT Wildlife division was soon set up to produce nature and wildlife programming which provided the company with 35% of its revenue by the mid-1990s. HiT also handled distribution for Lyrick Studios Barney & Friends. With the success of Barney, HiT began to develop its own programming for the pre-school market, by 1996, HiT was listed on the AIM to raise funding to develop these programs. HiT used the funding to launch HiT Video that produced direct to video programming in the UK only, Bob the Builder was one such character that HiT purchased its TV series rights. With another offering in 1997, HiT increased its capitalization and move to the primary London Stock Exchange, HIT used this funding to develop Brambly Hedge, Percy the Park Keeper, and Kipper, which became its first hit on ITV. In 1998, HIT formed its own production company, HOT Animation, Katherine Yung and Julie Hinds. Also, BBC signed on as the broadcaster for Bob the Builder, HiT signed a series of USA broadcasting deal starting with Nickelodeon for Kipper and expanded to Starz/Encore, HBO Family and Animal Planet channel. Kipper also won the 1998 BAFTA award for Best Childrens Animation, to end the year, HIT offered another group of shares. HIT opened 1999 with 10 first run TV series in the USA, in April, Bob the Builder debuted on the BBC as a hit. In July, the company made public offering of stock. A USA deal for Bob was signed in December with Nickelodeon to start airing in January 2001, Mattel signed a five-year licensing agreement for its development Angelina Ballerina series. In January 2000, the split its share five-for-one
18.
Apax Partners
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Apax Partners LLP is a British private equity and venture capital firm, headquartered in London, England. The company also operates out of eight offices in New York, Hong Kong, Mumbai, Tel Aviv, Madrid, Stockholm, Milan. The firm, including its various predecessors, have raised approximately $35 billion dating back to 1969, Apax Partners is one of the oldest and largest private equity firms operating on an international basis, ranked the seventh largest private equity firm globally. Apax invests exclusively in business sectors including, telecommunications, information technology, retail and consumer products, media, healthcare and financial. As of the end of 2007, Apax had invested in approximately 340 companies in all stages of development, Apax raises capital for its investment funds through institutional investors including corporate and public pension funds, university and college endowments, foundations and fund of funds. One of the firms co-founders, Alan Patricof, was an investor in Apple Computer. Apax Partners Worldwide is the product of the combination of three firms, Patricof & Co, Saunders III and Allan W. Karp and joined by John Megrue in 1992. In 1969, Alan Patricof founded Patricof & Co. a firm dedicated to making investments in development capital later known as venture capital, in 1975, Patricof launched 53rd Street Ventures, a $10 million vehicle. Meanwhile, in 1972, Sir Ronald Cohen and Maurice Tchénio, MMG initially was established as an advisory firm, working with small emerging companies, rather than an investment firm. However, MMG initially struggled to gain traction amid the economic conditions. By 1977, two of the four founding partners had left MMG, leaving Cohen and Tchénio in need of a partner to help rejuvenate their firm. In that year, Cohen approached Alan Patricof to join them, the new firm would be known as Alan Patricof Associates and ultimately come to be known as Apax Partners. Following the merger, MMG abandoned its advising business, and the new APA shifted its focus exclusively to investing in start-up companies, throughout the 1980s, the firm grew steadily raising capital under a series of separate funds. This trend was prevalent in Europe than the U. S. where Patricof preferred to continue focusing on venture investments. In 1991, Apax Partners became the name for all of its European operations however the U. S. business still operated under the Patricof & Co. name. By the mid-1990s Apax had become one of the private equity firms globally. In 2000, Patricof & Co. adopted the Apax Partners branding, the U. S. business would operate as Apax Partners, Inc. In 2006, Patricof left Apax to form Greycroft Partners which focuses on small early-stage venture capital investments, despite the closer relations between the U. S. and European teams, the firm still operated separate fund entities for each geography
19.
Orlando, Florida
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Orlando is a city in the U. S. state of Florida and the county seat of Orange County. Located in Central Florida, it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 4,000,002, according to U. S. As of 2015, Orlando had an estimated population of 270,934, making it the 73rd-largest city in the United States, the fourth-largest city in Florida. The City of Orlando is nicknamed The City Beautiful, and its symbol is the fountain at Lake Eola, Orlando is also known as The Theme Park Capital of the World and in 2014 its tourist attractions and events drew more than 62 million visitors. The Orlando International Airport is the thirteenth-busiest airport in the United States, with the exception of Walt Disney World, most major attractions are located along International Drive. The city is one of the busiest American cities for conferences and conventions. Orlando is home to the University of Central Florida, which is the largest university campus in the United States in terms of enrollment as of 2015, in 2010, Orlando was listed as a Gamma− level of world-city in the World Cities Study Groups inventory. Orlando ranks as the fourth-most popular American city based on where people want to live according to a 2009 Pew Research Center study. Fort Gatlin, as the Orlando area was known, was established at what is now just south of the city limits by the 4th U. S. Artillery under the command of Ltc, alexander C. W. Fanning on November 9,1838 during the construction of a series of fortified encampments across Florida during the Second Seminole War. The fort and surrounding area were named for Dr. John S. Gatlin, king Phillip and Coacoochee frequented this area and the tree was alleged to be the place where the previous 1835 ambush that had killed over 100 soldiers had been planned. When the U. S. military abandoned the fort in 1839 the surrounding community was built up by settlers, prior to being known by its current name, Orlando was once known as Jernigan. Aarron Jernigan became Orange Countys first State Representative in 1845 but his pleas for military protection went unanswered. Fort Gatlin was briefly reoccupied by the military for a few weeks during October and November 1849, a historical marker indicates that by 1850 the Jernigan homestead served as the nucleus of a village named Jernigan. One of the countys first records, a grand jurys report, mentions a stockade where it states homesteaders were driven from their homes, Aaron Jernigan led a local volunteer militia during 1852. Jernigan appears on an 1855 map of Florida and by 1856 the area had become the county seat of Orange County and it is known for certain that the area was renamed Orlando in 1857. The move is believed to be sparked, in part, by Aaron Jernigans fall from grace after he was relieved of his command by military officials in 1856. His behavior was so notorious that Secretary of War Jefferson Davis wrote, in 1859, Jernigan and his sons were accused of committing a murder at the towns post office
20.
Lucky Diamond Rich
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Lucky Diamond Rich, or just Lucky Rich, is a New Zealand man who is the worlds most tattooed person, a title formerly held by Tom Leppard. He has tattoos covering his body, including the insides of his eyelids, mouth, ears. He has held the certified Guinness World Record since 2006, being 99.9 percent tattooed and he is a performance artist, street performer, and international arts festival performer whose act includes sword swallowing and juggling a variety of items while on a unicycle. Rich was born in New Zealand, as a young boy, he read about and became interested in the most tattooed men and women. It did not go further than just a thought until he got his first tattoo. He went on to every part of his body including every crevice. He has tattooed some white over his black tattoos and added colour and his tattoos have taken over a thousand hours to ink, and have been worked on by hundreds of tattoo artists. Body suit Tattoo art style Media related to Lucky Diamond Rich at Wikimedia Commons Interview from Tattoo Convention Amsterdam 2007 on YouTube Interview from June,2009
21.
Olympic weightlifting
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The two competition lifts in order are the snatch and the clean and jerk. Each weightlifter receives three attempts in each, and the total of the highest two successful lifts determines the overall result within a bodyweight category. Bodyweight categories are different for male and female competitors, a lifter who fails to complete at least one successful snatch and one successful clean and jerk also fails to total, and therefore receives an incomplete entry for the competition. The clean and press was once a competition lift, but was discontinued due to difficulties in judging proper form, properly executed, the snatch and the clean and jerk are both dynamic and explosive while appearing graceful, especially when viewed from a recording at a slowed speed. The sport is controlled by the International Weightlifting Federation, based in Budapest, it was founded in 1905. Athletes compete in a division determined by their body mass, there have been eight male divisions and eight female divisions since 2017. Prizes are usually given for the heaviest weights lifted in each, the order of the competition is up to the lifters—the competitor who chooses to attempt the lowest weight goes first. The barbell is loaded incrementally and progresses to a heavier weight throughout the course of competition, weights are set in 1 kilogram increments. When a tie occurs, the athlete with the lower bodyweight is declared the winner, if two athletes lift the same total weight and have the same bodyweight, the winner is the athlete who lifted the total weight first. During competition, the event takes place first, followed by a short intermission. Two successes are required for any attempt to pass, usually, the judges and referees results are registered via a lighting system with a white light indicating a successful lift and a red light indicating a failed lift. This is done for the benefit of all in attendance be they athlete, coach, in addition, one or two technical officials may be present to advise during a ruling. At local competitions, a Best Lifter title is commonly awarded and it is awarded to both the best mens and womens lifters. Competition to establish who can lift the heaviest weight has been recorded throughout civilization, with the earliest known recordings including those found in Egypt, China, today, the modern sport of weightlifting traces its origins to the European competitions of the 19th century. The first male champion was crowned in 1891, the weightlifters were not categorized by weight at this time. The first Olympic Games of 1896 included weightlifting in the Field event of the predecessor to todays track, during the 1900 Olympic Games, there was no weightlifting event. Weightlifting resumed as an event, again in athletics, in 1904 but was omitted from the Games of 1908 and 1912 and these were the last Games until after the First World War. In these early Games, a distinction was drawn between lifting with one only and lifting with two hands
22.
Egg tossing
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Egg tossing, egg toss, or egg throwing is a game associated with Easter. The egg was a symbol of the rebirth of the earth in Pagan celebrations of spring and was adopted by early Christians as a symbol of the rebirth of man at Easter. In one version of the game the idea is to toss an egg so it falls on the ground without breaking and this is possible on, for example, grassy meadows. In Germany, children invented a way to spin the egg during the toss so that it lands on its tip still spinning, in medieval Britain there was an egg throwing festival held in the churches at Easter. The priest would give out one hard-boiled egg which was tossed around the nave of the church, dutch children play a game called egg sales in which one child sells an egg to another. The new owner then throws the egg in the grass and if it not break it must be returned to the seller. Egg tossing is also known as a competition with basically the following rules. One member of a two-person team tosses an egg to another, if the egg does not break, they step apart and the toss is repeated. The contest continues until one egg is left unbroken, on July 4,2011, in Grangeville, Idaho, the world record for the number of persons participating in an egg toss was set, with 2,130 persons participating. The record was undefeated until at least 1999, since 2000 the feat is no longer listed in the book. The world record in Egg Throwing was held until May 19,2013 by the Dutchmen Andries Smink and Hillebrand Visser with a distance of throw. May 192013 the Irish Wild Willie ODonevan and Big Warren McElhone set a new record at the Irish National Open of 71.2 meters. A World Egg Throwing Federation championship is held in Swaton, England each year on the last Sunday in June since 2006, the 2006 and 2007 Disney Channel Games included egg tossing games. Egg rolling Egg tapping Egg dance Egg hunt Pace Egg play
23.
Grand Theft Auto IV
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Grand Theft Auto IV is an open world action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on 29 April 2008 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles and it is the eleventh title in the Grand Theft Auto series, and the first main entry since 2004s Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas. Set within the fictional Liberty City, the story follows a war veteran, Niko Bellic and his attempts to escape his past while under pressure from loan sharks. The open world design lets players freely roam Liberty City, consisting of three main islands, the game is played from a third-person perspective and its world is navigated on-foot or by vehicle. Throughout the single-player mode, players play as Niko Bellic, an online multiplayer mode is included with the game, allowing up to 32 players to engage in both co-operative and competitive gameplay in a recreation of the single-player setting. Development began soon after the release of Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas and was shared between many of Rockstars studios worldwide, the game introduced a shift to a more realistic and detailed style and tone for the series. Unlike previous entries, Grand Theft Auto IV had no strong cinematic influence, as part of their research for the open world, the developers conducted field research around New York throughout development and captured footage for the design team. Following its announcement in May 2006, Grand Theft Auto IV was widely anticipated, upon release, the game received universal critical acclaim, with praise particularly directed at the games narrative and open world design. However, the game generated controversy, with criticism directed at the games depiction of violence. A sequel, Grand Theft Auto V, was released in September 2013, Grand Theft Auto IV is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. Players complete missions—linear scenarios with set objectives—to progress through the story and it is possible to have several active missions running at one time, as some missions require players to wait for further instructions or events. Outside of missions, players can roam the games open world. Composed of the city of Liberty City, the world of Grand Theft Auto IV is larger in area than most earlier entries in the series. At the beginning of the game, players can explore the first island–composed of Dukes. Players use melee attacks, firearms and explosives to fight enemies, there is a first-person perspective option when using vehicles. In combat, auto-aim and a system can be used as assistance against enemies. Should players take damage, their health meter can be regenerated using multiple techniques, such as eating, using medical kits. If players commit crimes while playing, the law enforcement agencies may respond as indicated by a wanted meter in the head-up display
24.
Roe River
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The Roe River runs between Giant Springs and the Missouri River in Great Falls, Montana, United States. The Roe River is only 201 feet at its longest constant point, towards its end, the Roe becomes surprisingly deep, at least 6–8 feet. A successful campaign to get the Roe River recognized by the Guinness World Records as the shortest river in the world originated from students at Lincoln Elementary School in Great Falls, Montana. In 1988 Students Molly A. Petersen and future NFL football player Dallas Neil put in an appearance on The Tonight Show as part of this effort, previously, Oregons D River was listed in Guinness World Records as the worlds shortest river at 440 feet. This title was lost in 1989 when Guinness, in what was then called The Guinness Book of Records, named the Roe River as the worlds shortest. Not to be deterred, the people of Lincoln City submitted a new measurement of the D River to Guinness of about 120 feet long, starting in 2006 Guinness World Records did not list a shortest river. Reprua River, a river in Abkhazia,89 feet long List of rivers of Montana Shortest river MontanaKids. com article on Roe River Giant Springs State Park Montana State Parks
25.
General Hospital
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A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire. A district hospital typically is the health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care. Specialised hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals, a teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and nurses. The medical facility smaller than a hospital is called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments and specialist units such as cardiology, some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a pharmacy, pathology, and radiology, Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by health organisations, by health insurance companies, or by charities, including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were founded and funded by religious orders, or by charitable individuals. During the Middle Ages, hospitals served different functions from modern institutions, Middle Ages hospitals were almshouses for the poor, hostels for pilgrims, or hospital schools. The word hospital comes from the Latin hospes, signifying a stranger or foreigner, another noun derived from this, hospitium came to signify hospitality, that is the relation between guest and shelterer, hospitality, friendliness, and hospitable reception. By metonymy the Latin word then came to mean a guest-chamber, guests lodging, hospes is thus the root for the English words host hospitality, hospice, hostel and hotel. The German word Spital shares similar roots, the grammar of the word differs slightly depending on the dialect. Some patients go to a hospital just for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy and then leave without staying overnight, while others are admitted and stay overnight or for several days or weeks or months. Hospitals usually are distinguished from other types of facilities by their ability to admit and care for inpatients whilst the others. Larger cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities, some hospitals, especially in the United States and Canada, have their own ambulance service. A district hospital typically is the health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care. In California, district hospital refers specifically to a class of healthcare facility created shortly after World War II to address a shortage of beds in many local communities. Twenty-eight of Californias rural hospitals and 20 of its critical-access hospitals are District hospitals, Californias District hospitals are formed by local municipalities, have Boards that are individually elected by their local communities, and exist to serve local needs
26.
Guiding Light
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Guiding Light was created by Irna Phillips, and began as an NBC Radio serial on January 25,1937. On June 2,1947, the series was transferred to CBS Radio, before starting on June 30,1952 and it continued to be broadcast concomitantly on radio until June 29,1956. The series was expanded from 15 minutes to a half-hour during 1968, the series broadcast its 15, 000th CBS episode on September 6,2006. On April 1,2009, it was announced that CBS had canceled Guiding Light after a 72-year run due to low ratings. The show taped its final Procter & Gamble scenes for CBS on August 11,2009, on October 5,2009, CBS replaced Guiding Light with an hour-long revival of Lets Make a Deal, hosted by Wayne Brady. Guiding Light has had a number of plot sequences during the long history. These plot sequences include complex storylines, and different writers and casting, the series was created by Irna Phillips, who based it on personal experiences. These sermons originated the idea of the creation of The Guiding Light, the original radio series was first broadcast as 15-minute episodes on NBC Radio, starting on January 25,1937. The series was transferred to CBS Radio during 1947, the Guiding Light was broadcast first by CBS Television on June 30,1952. With the transition to television, the characters became the Bauers. These episodes were also 15 minutes long, during the period from 1952 to 1956, The Guiding Light existed as both a radio and television serial, with actors recording their performances twice for each day that the shows were broadcast. The radio broadcast of The Guiding Light ceased production during 1956, the Guiding Light ranked as the number one-rated soap opera during both 1956 and 1957, before being replaced during 1958 by As the World Turns. After Irna Phillips was transferred to As the World Turns during 1958, the first television producer of The Guiding Light was Luci Ferri Rittenberg, who produced the show over 20 years. Agnes Nixon relinquished her role as chief writer during 1965 to work for the series Another World, on March 13,1967, The Guiding Light was first broadcast in color. On September 9,1968, the program was expanded from 15 to 30 minutes, the show also became a bit more topical during the 1960s, with such storylines as Bert Bauers diagnosis of uterine cancer in 1962. A number of new characters were introduced during the mid- to late 1960s, including Dr. Sara McIntyre, who remained a major character through the early 1980s. Charlotte was murdered by Kit on August 26,1973, and then Kit herself was shot by Dr. Joe Werner in self-defense on April 24,1974, after she had attempted to poison Dr. Sara McIntyre. A pivotal character, off-and-on, until the spring of 1998, the role of Roger was originally proposed to be blonde, fair-skinned preppy type, a man who was dating his bosss daughter Holly
27.
Clyde Beatty
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Clyde Beatty joined the circus as a cage cleaner as a teen and became famous as a lion tamer and animal trainer. He also became an impresario who owned his own show. Circus to form the Clyde Beatty–Cole Bros, Beatty became famous for his fighting act, in which he entered a cage with wild animals with a whip and a pistol strapped to his side. At the height of his fame, the act featured as many as 40 lions, Beattys fame was such that he appeared in films from the 1930s to the 1950s and on television until the 1960s. He was also the star of his own syndicated series, The Clyde Beatty Show. The weekly programs featured adventures loosely based on his real-life exploits, the stories were no doubt more fictitious than real, and Beatty actually appeared in name only, Vic Perrin impersonated him on the show. Beattys fighting act made him the paradigm of a lion tamer for more than a generation and he was once mauled by a lion named Nero and was in the hospital for ten weeks as a result of the attack. However, he remained undaunted and faced down Nero in a cage for the film The Big Cage. A caricature of Beatty, drawn by Alex Gard, was displayed at Sardis restaurant in New York City and is now part of the Billy Rose Theatre Collection at the New York Public Library. In 1957, Beatty performed his act on The Ed Sullivan Show, he had complained during rehearsal that the stage was too small and unsafe for his act, during the act, Beatty lost control of the act. To prevent the audience from realizing the live performance had gone awry. Luckily, Beatty was able to subdue to the lions by firing blank cartridges, a clip of the performance is included in a DVD of the best of the Sullivan show. Beatty married Harriett Evans, an aerialist, on September 16,1933, the marriage lasted until her death in 1950 in Kosciusko, Mississippi, reportedly from a heart ailment. Beatty let her have an act in 1935, and she did well, proving to be popular with the public and her daughter Albina was adopted by Beatty during the marriage and, having learned animal training skills from her parents, followed in their footsteps as a lion trainer. She stated that Beattys teaching gift to her was understanding his instincts regarding the animals, in the 1997 film Fast, Cheap & Out of Control, the lion tamer Dave Hoover cites Beatty as a major influence on his career. The director, Errol Morris, used several clips from Beattys films in his interviews with Hoover, in the 1981 television pilot of the Greatest American Hero. Ralph Hinkley is told by a teacher that the Clyde Beatty technique is one way to use a chair to keep his unruly students at bay. Beatty was born in Bainbridge, Ohio and he died of cancer in 1965, at age 62, in Ventura, California, and was interred in the Forest Lawn–Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles
28.
Ashrita Furman
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Ashrita Furman is a Guinness World Records record-breaker. As of 2017, Furman has set more than 600 official Guinness Records and currently holds 200 records and he has been breaking records since 1979. He was fascinated with the Guinness Book of World Records as a child but never thought he could break a record. That all changed when, as a teenager, he interested in spirituality. Sri Chinmoy inspired Furman to participate in a 24-hour bicycle race in New York Citys Central Park in 1978, with only two weeks training, Furman tied for third place, cycling 405 miles. He later described the experience, “It was one of the most profound moments of my life, as I climbed off my bicycle, I realized that it wasnt my body that had cycled for 24 hours, but my inner Spirit. By using meditation I was able to connect with an energy which we all have. At that moment I decided to attempt breaking Guinness records to inspire others to connect with their own inner strength. ”Around this time. In 1979, Furman set his first official record by doing 27,000 jumping jacks, in 1986, Furman invented and set the record for underwater pogo stick jumping and introduced it on Good Morning America on April Fools Day. While breaking the record for distance traveled via forward rolls, Furman was only allowed to stop in order to be sick, Furman has managed a health food store in Jamaica, Queens, New York City, New York since 1982. He is also a manager for his meditation group and is therefore able to travel extensively. As of 2014, Furman has set records in 40 countries and he completed his goal of breaking a record in all seven continents when he set the mile hula hoop record at Uluru in the Australian desert in 2003. Furman has also set records at such famous landmarks as the Egyptian pyramids, Stonehenge, the Eiffel Tower, while in China, Furman broke the record for running 8 km on stilts in the fastest time, a record which had stood since 1982. Furman has also been a pioneer in setting records in new activities including landrowing. Using a converted indoor rower with wheels and brakes, Furman rowed 1,500 miles in 16 days in Bali in 1991, on January 30,2008, Furman unveiled his giant pencil –76 feet long,22,000 pounds. The pencil was built in three weeks as a gift for teacher Sri Chinmoy on 27 August 2007. Longer than the 65 feet pencil outside the Malaysia HQ of stationers Faber-Castell, it was transported from Queens, New York, in April 2009 Furman became the first person to hold 100 Guinness World Records at once. Impossibility Challenger Official website of Ashrita Video, Ashritas life story The Record Breaker Video, Ashrita Interview Ashrita Furman at the Internet Movie Database
29.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
30.
Whole Foods Market
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Whole Foods Market Inc. is an American supermarket chain exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and hydrogenated fats. It opened on September 20,1980, in Austin, Texas, as of September 2015, it has 91,000 employees and 431 supermarkets in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, and has its main produce procurement office in Watsonville, California. As of 2015, founder John Mackey and Walter Robb were co-CEOs of the publicly traded company, in November 2016, the company announced that Walter Robb would be stepping down as co-CEO at the end of year and would remain with the company as a director. It became a Fortune 500 company in March 2005 and is the 30th largest retailer in the U. S. based on 2014 revenue. In 1978, Mackey and Renee Lawson borrowed $45,000 from family, when the two were evicted from their apartment for storing food products in it, they decided to live at the store. Because it was zoned for use, there was no shower stall. Two years later, John Mackey partnered with Craig Weller and Mark Skiles to merge SaferWay with the latters Clarksville Natural Grocery, resulting in the opening of the original Whole Foods Market. At 10,500 square feet and with a staff of 19, the following Memorial Day, on May 25,1981, the most damaging flood in 70 years devastated Austin. Whole Foods inventory was ruined, and most of the equipment was damaged, the loss was approximately $400,000 and Whole Foods Market had no insurance. Customers, neighbors, and staff pitched in to repair and clean up the damage, creditors, vendors, and investors assisted in helping the store recover, and the store reopened 28 days later. Beginning in 1984, Whole Foods Market expanded out of Austin, first to Houston and Dallas, in 1989, the company expanded to the West Coast with a store in Palo Alto, Calif. The companys 100th store was opened in Torrance, California, in 1999, the company started its third decade with additional acquisitions. The first was Natural Abilities in 2000, which did business as Food for Thought in Northern California and this led to the promotion of three new regional presidents and a new era for the company. David Lannon became president of the Northeast region, Anthony Gilmore became president of the Southwest region, Ron Megehan became president of the Northern California region, in 2001, Whole Foods also moved into Manhattan. Later that year Ken Meyer became president of the newly formed South region and Whole Foods Market acquired the assets of Harry’s Farmers Market, in 2002, the company continued its expansion in North America and opened its first store in Toronto, Ontario. Further continuing its expansion, Select Fish of Seattle was acquired in 2003, in 2005, Whole Foods opened its 80,000 sq ft flagship store in downtown Austin. The companys headquarters moved into offices above the store, Whole Foods Markets expansion has increased the need for products and processing plants. In response, the company added its 365 Everyday Value product line and it also began to acquire seafood processing plants in 2003
31.
Liquor
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This process purifies it and removes diluting components like water, for the purpose of increasing its proportion of alcohol content. As distilled beverages contain more alcohol, they are considered harder – in North America, as examples, this term does not include beverages such as beer, wine, sake, and cider, as they are fermented but not distilled. These all have relatively low alcohol content, typically less than 15%, brandy is a spirit produced by the distillation of wine, and has an ABV of over 35%. Other examples of distilled beverages include bourbon, vodka, gin, rum, tequila, mezcal, whisky, scotch, the term spirit refers to a distilled beverage that contains no added sugar and has at least 20% alcohol by volume. Distilled beverages bottled with added sugar and added flavorings, such as Grand Marnier, Frangelico, Distilled beverages generally have an alcohol concentration higher than 30%. The origin of liquor and its close relative liquid was the Latin verb liquere, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, an early use of the word in the English language, meaning simply a liquid, can be dated to 1225. The first use the OED mentions of its meaning a liquid for drinking occurred in the 14th century and its use as a term for an intoxicating alcoholic drink appeared in the 16th century. The term spirit in reference to alcohol stems from Middle Eastern alchemy and these alchemists were more concerned with medical elixirs than with transmuting lead into gold. The vapor given off and collected during a process was called a spirit of the original material. Distilled water was described in the 2nd century AD by Alexander of Aphrodisias, the Alexandrians were using a distillation alembic or still device in the 3rd century AD. The medieval Arabs learned the process from the Alexandrians and used it extensively. Freeze distillation involves freezing the alcoholic beverage and then removing the ice, the freezing technique had limitations in geography and implementation limiting how widely this method was put to use. The earliest evidence of distillation of alcohol comes from the School of Salerno in southern Italy during the 12th century. Again, the Chinese may not have been far behind, with evidence indicating the practice of distillation began during the 12th century Jin or Southern Song dynasties. A still has been found at a site in Qinglong, Hebei. Fractional distillation was developed by Taddeo Alderotti in the 13th century, the production method was written in code, suggesting that it was being kept secret. In 1437, burned water was mentioned in the records of the County of Katzenelnbogen in Germany and it was served in a tall, narrow glass called a Goderulffe. Claims upon the origin of specific beverages are controversial, often invoking national pride, but they are plausible after the 12th century AD and these spirits would have had a much lower alcohol content than the alchemists pure distillations, and they were likely first thought of as medicinal elixirs
32.
Sword swallowing
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Sword swallowing is a skill in which the performer passes a sword through the mouth and down the esophagus to the stomach. The practice is dangerous and there is risk of injury, Sword swallowing spread to Greece and Rome in the 1st century AD and to China in the 8th century. In Japan, it became a part of the Japanese acrobatic theatre, Sangaku, in Europe it developed into yet a third distinct type of performance associated with the medieval jongleurs, that of the street performance. Sword swallowing was performed during the Middle Ages as part of theatre and was popular at festivals. It began to die out in the century, and was outlawed in Scandinavia in 1893. According to an early-19th century English magazine article the abilities of sword-swallowers in India were considered incredible when first reported in England, in 1813 swallowing the sword was advertised as among the new and astonishing feats performed by the Indian Jugglers then appearing in London. The troupe was led by the famous juggler and sword swallower Ramo Samee, who continued to perform until his death in London in August 1850, having at times also toured Europe and America. From 1850 to the 1890s a small number of sword swallowers performed in the UK, such as Martha Mitchell and Benedetti, and in the US, including Lawson Peck, Ling Look, Wandana, and Harry Parsons. The best-known North American sword swallower of this time was Fred McLone, better known to the public as Chevalier Cliquot, in 1893 sword swallowing was featured at the World Columbian Exposition at the Chicago Worlds Fair. In the early 1900s traveling circuses and sideshows featured sword swallowers, in Europe performers tried to swallow large numbers of swords, in America there was a focus on the novel and bizarre. Some tried to swallow longer swords, many swords, hot swords, Sword swallowers appeared on the same bill as magicians such as Houdini. Western Europe and England also saw an increase in sword swallowing interest during this period, the performer must first lean the head back, hyper-extending the neck, and relax the upper esophageal sphincter. Retching must be controlled while the sword, lubricated by saliva, is inserted through the mouth, once past the pharynx and sphincter the sword passes swiftly, assisted by gravity, straightening the flexible esophagus. The stomach, at an angle to the esophagus, is brought into line as the sword enters through the cardiac opening, some swallowers consume a large meal or drink water before performing to give the stomach a more vertical orientation, allowing for easier passage of the sword. Careful focus is required to complete the process without injury, as the sword passes within millimetres of body parts such as the aorta, heart. Most serious sword swallowing injuries and fatalities occur after minor injuries or while attempting a feat beyond that of a normal sword swallow, the most common injury is a sore throat when first learning, after frequent consecutive performances, or after swallowing curved swords or several swords at once. Swallowing multiple swords simultaneously over time can lead to distension of the esophagus. Twenty-nine deaths have been reported as a result of sword swallowing injuries since 1880, a 59-year-old man experienced chest pain and severe dysphagia following practice for his sword swallowing act
33.
Chain letter
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A typical chain letter consists of a message that attempts to convince the recipient to make a number of copies of the letter and then pass them on to as many recipients as possible. In reality, the chain is actually a geometrically progressing pyramid that cannot be sustained indefinitely, Chain letters started as actual letters that one received in the mail. Today, chain letters are no longer actual letters. They are sent through email messages, postings on social network sites, there are two main types of chain letters, Hoaxes - Hoaxes attempt to trick or defraud users. A hoax could be malicious, instructing users to delete a file necessary to the system by claiming it is a virus. It could also be a scam that convinces users to send money or personal information, phishing attacks could fall into this. Urban legends - Urban legends are designed to be redistributed and usually warn users of a threat or claim to be notifying them of important or urgent information. Another common form are the emails that promise users monetary rewards for forwarding the message or suggest that they are signing something that will be submitted to a particular group, Urban legends usually have no negative effect aside from wasted time. In the United States, chain letters that request money or other items of value, however, it is often difficult to distinguish chain letters from genuine correspondence. The oldest known channel for chain letters is written, or printed and these might be exchanged hand-to-hand or distributed through the mail. One notorious early example was the Prosperity Club or Send-a-Dime letter and this letter started in Denver, Colorado in 1935, based on an earlier luck letter. It soon swamped the Denver post office with hundreds of thousands of letters before spilling into St. Louis, Chain letters take religious perspectives especially relating to Christianity. Often these letters originate from photocopy centers, claiming to have originated from the Pope, messages sometimes include phony promises from companies or wealthy individuals promising a monetary reward to everyone who receives the message. They may also be motivated, such as Save the Scouts. Some, like the Hawaiian Good Luck Totem which has spread in thousands of forms, platforms like Facebook and YouTube can host chain letters playing with users emotions. They may also be in the form of a warning, such as stories of escaped convicts et cetera which urge the reader to pass the message on. One chain letter distributed on MSN Hotmail began, Hey its Tara and John the directors of MSN. another common form of email chain letter is the virus hoax and a form of cyberbullying. Chain letters within social media became widespread on Myspace and YouTube as well as on Facebook through messages or applications
34.
Dreadlock
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Dreadlocks, also locs, dreads, or in Sanskrit, Jata, are ropelike strands of hair formed by matting or braiding hair. Dreadlocks can also be formed through a technique called twist and rip, various methods are used to encourage the formation of locks such as backcombing, braiding, rolling and the crochet hook method. All of these methods require ongoing work to be applied to the dread before it becomes neat, however, if the crochet hook method is applied by a skilled hand throughout the length of the dread, then the resulting dreadlocks are instantly tight and will not need any rolling. Some of the earliest depictions of dreadlocks date back as far as 3600 years to the Minoan civilization, frescoes discovered on the Aegean island of Thera, depict individuals with braided hair styled in long dreadlocks. In ancient Egypt examples of Egyptians wearing locked hairstyles and wigs have appeared on bas-reliefs, statuary, mummified remains of ancient Egyptians with locked wigs, have also been recovered from archaeological sites. In Ancient Greece, kouros sculptures from the Archaic period depict men wearing dreadlocks while Spartan hoplites wore formal locks as part of their battle dress. Spartan magistrates known as Ephors also wore their hair braided in long locks, the style was worn by Ancient Christian Ascetics in the Middle East and Mediterranean, and the Dervishes of Islam, among others. Pre-Columbian Aztec priests were described in Aztec codices as wearing their hair untouched, allowing it to grow long and matted. In Senegal, the Baye Fall, followers of the Mouride movement, cheikh Ibra Fall, founder of the Baye Fall school of the Mouride Brotherhood, popularized the style by adding a mystic touch to it. Warriors among the Fulani, Wolof and Serer in Mauritania, and Mandinka in Mali and Niger were known for centuries to have worn cornrows when young, another name for the style is locks. Within Tibetan Buddhism and other more esoteric forms of Buddhism, dreadlocks have occasionally been substituted for the more traditional shaved head, the most recognizable of these groups are known as the Ngagpas of Tibet. For many practicing Buddhists, dreadlocks are a way to let go of material vanity, dreadlocks were required for many esoteric Buddhist rituals in medieval South Asia performed by Buddhist yogis. For instance,1.4.15 of the Hevajratantra states that the practitioner should arrange his piled up hair, in contemporary Tibetan practice matted hair is replaced by crowns with matted hair attached to them. Members of various African ethnic groups wear locks and the styles, maasai warriors are famous for their long, thin, red locks. Many people dye their hair red with root extracts or red ochre, in various cultures what are known as shamans, spiritual men or women who serve and speak to spirits or deities, often wear locks. In Nigeria, some children are born with locked hair and are given a special name. Yoruba priests of Olokun, the Orisha of the deep ocean, another group is the Turkana people of Kenya. In Ghana, the Akan refer to dreadlocks as Mpɛsɛ, which is the hairstyle of Akomfoɔ or priests, along with the Asante-Akan drums known as Kete drums, this hairstyle was later adopted by Rastafarians, with its roots in Jamaica from the slave trade era
35.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
36.
Empire State Building
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The Empire State Building is a 102-story skyscraper located on Fifth Avenue between West 33rd and 34th Streets in Midtown, Manhattan, New York City. It has a height of 1,250 feet, and with its antenna included. Its name is derived from the nickname for New York, the Empire State and it stood as the worlds tallest building for nearly 40 years, from its completion in early 1931 until the topping out of the original World Trade Centers North Tower in late 1970. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Empire State Building was again the tallest building in New York, the Empire State Building is currently the fifth-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 34th-tallest in the world. It is also the fifth-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas, when measured by pinnacle height, it is the fourth-tallest building in the United States. The Empire State Building is an American cultural icon and it is designed in the distinctive Art Deco style and has been named as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The building and its street floor interior are designated landmarks of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission and it was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1986. In 2007, it was ranked number one on the AIAs List of Americas Favorite Architecture, the site of the Empire State Building was first developed as the John Thompson Farm in the late 18th century. At the time, a stream ran across the site, emptying into Sunfish Pond, beginning in the late 19th century, the block was occupied by the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, frequented by The Four Hundred, the social elite of New York. The limestone for the Empire State Building came from the Empire Mill in Sanders, Indiana which is a town adjacent to Bloomington. The Empire Mill Land office is near State Road 37 and Old State Road 37 just south of Bloomington, the Bloomington, Bedford, and Oolitic area is known locally as the limestone capital of the world. The Empire State Building was designed by William F, the building was designed from the top down. The general contractors were The Starrett Brothers and Eken, and the project was financed primarily by John J. Raskob, the construction company was chaired by Alfred E. Smith, a former Governor of New York and James Farleys General Builders Supply Corporation supplied the building materials. John W. Bowser was project construction superintendent, excavation of the site began on January 22,1930, and construction on the building itself started on March 17—St. Patricks Day—per Al Smiths influence as Empire State, Inc. president, the project involved 3,400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, along with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal. According to official accounts, five died during the construction. Governor Smiths grandchildren cut the ribbon on May 1,1931, lewis Wickes Hines photography of the construction provides not only invaluable documentation of the construction, but also a glimpse into common day life of workers in that era. The construction was part of a competition in New York for the title of worlds tallest building
37.
Bob Munden
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Bob Munden was born in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, and started his shooting career at age 11 out West in California. Beginning in high school, Bob competed in Jeff Coopers Big Bear Leatherslaps shooting competitions at Big Bear Lake, the Leatherslaps eventually became the South Western Combat Pistol League. When Bob Munden was 17, he placed second in the 1958 Leatherslap using a Colt.45 Single Action borrowed from Cooper and he claimed to have won over 3,500 fast draw trophies. After taking up shooting, Bob Munden gave many demonstrations to audiences. Munden was also a custom gunsmith and this led to controversy over the records that Munden claimed to hold and have held in the past. Mundens critics have argued that his records are not sufficiently well documented to be valid, fast Draw includes multiple events, each with its own world record. The record with the shortest time is single shot open freestyle held by Ernie Hill, of Litchfield Park, Munden has received skepticism mostly due to the absence of both written evidence of his records, and for the absence of his supposed 3,500 trophies. After the advent of digital timers, the records were reset because the older analog timers were less accurate. Munden claimed to have many of these older records, with a fastest Walk. In a video clip online hes heard telling the time to 1 3/4th hundreds of a second, at age 68 Bob Munden appeared in Stan Lees Superhumans. In it, it was out that his hand is withstanding 10 Gs of force when his weapon is drawn. In a demo, using a Colt.45 single-action revolver, according to his wife Becky, Bob started suffering chest pains while driving home to Butte from a Missoula hospital after receiving treatment for a mild heart attack. Miles from a hospital, he told his wife to keep driving before dying shortly afterward, official Bob Munden Fan Page Bob Munden Website
38.
Robert Wadlow
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The Alton and Illinois monikers reflect the fact that he was born and raised in Alton, Illinois. Wadlow reached 8 ft 11.1 in in height and weighed 439 lb at his death at age 22 and his great size and his continued growth in adulthood were due to hyperplasia of his pituitary gland, which results in an abnormally high level of human growth hormone. He showed no indication of an end to his growth even at the time of his death, Wadlow was born to Addie Johnson and Harold Wadlow in Alton, Illinois, on February 22,1918, and was the oldest of five children. He was taller than his father by the age of 8, by the time he had graduated from Alton High School in 1936, he was 8 ft 4 in. After graduating he enrolled in Shurtleff College with the intention of studying law, wadlows size began to take its toll, he required leg braces to walk and had little feeling in his legs and feet. Despite these difficulties, he never used a wheelchair, Wadlow became a celebrity after his 1936 U. S. tour with the Ringling Brothers Circus. In 1938, he did a tour with the International Shoe Company. They provided him his shoes free of charge, examples still exist in several locations throughout the U. S. including Snyders Shoe Store of Ludington and Manistee, Michigan, and the Alton Museum of History and Art. He continued participating in tours and public appearances, though only in his street clothes. He possessed great physical strength until the last year of his life, Wadlow was a member of the Order of DeMolay, the Masonic-sponsored organization for young men. His Freemason ring was the largest ever made, one year before his death, Wadlow passed John Rogan as the tallest person ever. On June 27,1940, he was measured at 8 ft 11.1 in by doctors C. M. Charles and Cyril MacBryde of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. On July 4,1940, during an appearance at the Manistee National Forest Festival. His coffin measured 10 feet 9 inches long by 32 inches wide by 30 inches deep, weighed 1,000 pounds and was carried by twelve pallbearers and he was buried at the Oakwood Cemetery in Upper Alton, Madison County, Illinois. A life-size statue of Wadlow stands on College Avenue in Alton, opposite the Alton Museum of History and it was erected in 1986, in honor of the well-known native. Others stand in the Guinness Museums in Niagara Falls and Gatlinburg, a group of six life-size models of him, made by artist James Butler, exist, and are shipped and displayed in replica caskets. Another life-size statue of Wadlow may be viewed at Marvins Marvelous Mechanical Museum in Farmington Hills, in front of it is a small, quarter-operated TV-box, which plays a short, documentary movie about his extraordinary short life. Wadlow is still known as the Gentle Giant
39.
Roy Sullivan
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Roy Cleveland Sullivan was a United States park ranger in Shenandoah National Park in Virginia. Between 1942 and 1977, Sullivan was hit by lightning on seven different occasions, for this reason, he gained a nickname Human Lightning Conductor and Human Lightning Rod. Sullivan is recognized by Guinness World Records as the person struck by lightning more recorded times than any human being. Sullivan was born in Greene County, Virginia, on February 7,1912 and he started working as a ranger in Shenandoah National Park in 1936. Sullivan was described as a man with a broad, rugged face. He was avoided by people later in life because of their fear of being hit by lightning, and he once recalled For instance, I was walking with the Chief Ranger one day when lightning struck way off. The Chief said, Ill see you later, on the morning of September 28,1983, Sullivan died at the age of 71 under mysterious circumstances from a gunshot wound to the head. Officially, he shot himself over an unrequited love lying in bed next to his wife who was 30 years younger, two of his ranger hats are on display at two Guinness World Exhibit Halls in New York City and South Carolina. The first documented lightning strike of Sullivan occurred in April 1942 and he was hiding from a thunderstorm in a fire lookout tower. The tower was built and had no lightning rod at the time. Inside the tower, fire was jumping all over the place, Sullivan ran out and just a few feet away received what he considered to be his worst lightning strike. It burned a half-inch strip all along his right leg, hit his toe and he was hit again in July 1969. Unusually, he was hit while in his truck, driving on a mountain road—the metal body of a vehicle normally protects people in such as this by acting as a Faraday cage. The lightning first hit nearby trees and was deflected into the window of the truck. The strike knocked Sullivan unconscious and burned off his eyebrows and eyelashes, the uncontrolled truck kept moving until it stopped near a cliff edge. In 1970, Sullivan was struck while in his front yard, the lightning hit a nearby power transformer and from there jumped to his left shoulder, searing it. In 1972, Sullivan was working inside a station in Shenandoah National Park when another strike occurred. It set his hair on fire, he tried to smother the flames with his jacket and he then rushed to the restroom, but couldnt fit under the water tap and so used a wet towel instead
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