Booting
In computing, booting is starting up a computer or computer appliance until it can be used. It can be initiated by software command. After the power is switched on, the computer is dumb and can read only part of its storage called read-only memory. There, a small program is stored called firmware, it does power-on self-tests and, most allows accessing other types of memory like a hard disk and main memory. The firmware runs it. In general purpose computers, but additionally in smartphones and tablets, optionally a boot manager is run; the boot manager lets a user choose which operating system to run and set more complex parameters for it. The firmware or the boot manager loads the boot loader into the memory and runs it; this piece of software is able to place an operating system kernel like Windows or Linux into the computer's main memory and run it. Afterwards, the kernel runs so-called user space software – well known is the graphical user interface, which lets the user log in to the computer or run some other applications.
The whole process may take seconds to tenths of seconds on modern day general purpose computers. Restarting a computer is called reboot, which can be "hard", e.g. after electrical power to the CPU is switched from off to on, or "soft", where the power is not cut. On some systems, a soft boot may optionally clear RAM to zero. Both hard and soft booting can be initiated by hardware such as a button press or by software command. Booting is complete when the operative runtime system operating system and some applications, is attained; the process of returning a computer from a state of hibernation or sleep does not involve booting. Minimally, some embedded systems do not require a noticeable boot sequence to begin functioning and when turned on may run operational programs that are stored in ROM. All computing systems are state machines, a reboot may be the only method to return to a designated zero-state from an unintended, locked state. In addition to loading an operating system or stand-alone utility, the boot process can load a storage dump program for diagnosing problems in an operating system.
Boot is short for bootstrap or bootstrap load and derives from the phrase to pull oneself up by one's bootstraps. The usage calls attention to the requirement that, if most software is loaded onto a computer by other software running on the computer, some mechanism must exist to load the initial software onto the computer. Early computers used a variety of ad-hoc methods to get a small program into memory to solve this problem; the invention of read-only memory of various types solved this paradox by allowing computers to be shipped with a start up program that could not be erased. Growth in the capacity of ROM has allowed more elaborate start up procedures to be implemented. There are many different methods available to load a short initial program into a computer; these methods reach from simple, physical input to removable media that can hold more complex programs. Early computers in the 1940s and 1950s were one-of-a-kind engineering efforts that could take weeks to program and program loading was one of many problems that had to be solved.
An early computer, ENIAC, had no "program" stored in memory, but was set up for each problem by a configuration of interconnecting cables. Bootstrapping did not apply to ENIAC, whose hardware configuration was ready for solving problems as soon as power was applied; the EDSAC system, the second stored program computer to be built, used stepping switches to transfer a fixed program into memory when its start button was pressed. The program stored on this device, which David Wheeler completed in late 1948, loaded further instructions from punched tape and executed them; the first programmable computers for commercial sale, such as the UNIVAC I and the IBM 701 included features to make their operation simpler. They included instructions that performed a complete input or output operation; the same hardware logic could be used to load the contents of a punch card or other input media, such as a magnetic drum or magnetic tape, that contained a bootstrap program by pressing a single button. This booting concept was called a variety of names for IBM computers of the 1950s and early 1960s, but IBM used the term "Initial Program Load" with the IBM 7030 Stretch and used it for their mainframe lines, starting with the System/360 in 1964.
The IBM 701 computer had a "Load" button that initiated reading of the first 36-bit word into main memory from a punched card in a card reader, a magnetic tape in a tape drive, or a magnetic drum unit, depending on the position of the Load Selector switch. The left 18-bit half-word was executed as an instruction, which read additional words into memory; the loaded boot program was executed, which, in turn, loaded a larger program from that medium into memory without further help from the human operator. The term "boot" has been used in this sense since at least 1958. Other IBM computers of that era had similar features. For example, the IBM 1401 system used a card reader to load a program from a punched card; the 80 characters stored in the punched card were read into memory locations 001 to 080 the computer would branch to memory location 001 to read its first stored instruction. This instruction was always the same: move the information in these first 80 memory locations to an assembly area where the information in punched cards 2, 3, 4, so on, could be combined to form the stored program.
Once this information was moved to the assembly area, the machine would branch to an instruction in location 080 and the next card
MOS Technology CIA
The 6526/8520 Complex Interface Adapter was an integrated circuit made by MOS Technology. It served as an I/O port controller for the 6502 family of microprocessors, providing for parallel and serial I/O capabilities as well as timers and a Time-of-Day clock; the device's most prominent use was in the Commodore 64 and Commodore 128, each of which included two CIA chips. The Commodore 1570 and Commodore 1571 floppy disk drives contained one CIA each. Furthermore, the Amiga home computers and the Commodore 1581 floppy disk drive employed a modified variant of the CIA circuit called 8520. 8520 is functionally equivalent to the 6526 except for the simplified TOD circuitry. The CIA had two 8-bit bidirectional parallel I/O ports; each port had a corresponding Data Direction Register, which allowed each data line to be individually set to input or output mode. A read of these ports always returned the status of the individual lines, regardless of the data direction, set. An internal bidirectional 8-bit shift register enabled the CIA to handle serial I/O.
The chip could accept serial input clocked from an external source, could send serial output clocked with one of the built-in programmable timers. An interrupt was generated, it was possible to implement a simple "network" by connecting the shift register and clock outputs of several computers together. The maximum bitrate is 500 kbit/s for the 2 MHz version; the CIA incorporates a fix to a bug in the serial-shift register in the earlier 6522 VIA. The CIA was intended for use with the 1541 drive for the Commodore 64, but was not used because of the goal of VIC-20 compatibility, causing disk speeds to be as slow as on the VIC-20. Two programmable interval timers were available, each with sub-microsecond precision; each timer consisted of a 16-bit read-only presettable down counter and a corresponding 16-bit write-only latch. Whenever a timer was started, the timer's latch was automatically copied into its counter, the counter would decrement with each clock cycle until underflow, at which an interrupt would be generated.
The timer could run in either "one-shot" mode, halting after the first interrupt, or "continuous" mode, reloading the latch value again and starting the timer cycle anew. In addition to generating interrupts, the timer output could be gated to the second I/O port; as configured in the Commodore 64 and Commodore 128, the CIA's timing was controlled by the phase two system clock, nominally one MHz. This meant that the timers decremented at one microsecond intervals, the exact time period being determined by whether the system used the NTSC or PAL video standard. In the C-128, clock stretching was employed so the CIA's timing was unaffected by whether the system was running in SLOW or FAST mode, it was possible to generate long timing intervals by programming timer B to count timer A underflows. If both timers were loaded with the maximum interval value of 65,535, a timing interval of one hour, 11 minutes, 34 seconds would result. A real-time clock is incorporated in the CIA, providing a timekeeping device more conducive to human needs than the microsecond precision of the interval timers.
Time is kept in the American 12-hour AM/PM format. The TOD clock consists of four read/write registers: hours, minutes and tenths of a second. All registers read out in BCD format. Reading from the registers will always return the time of day. In order to avoid a carry error while fetching the time, reading the hours register will halt register updating, with no effect on internal timekeeping accuracy. Once the tenths register has been read, updating will resume, it is possible to read any register other than the hours register "on the fly," making the use of a running TOD clock as a timer a practical application. If the hours register is read, however, it is essential to subsequently read the tenths register. Otherwise, all TOD registers will remain "frozen." Setting the time involves writing the appropriate BCD values into the registers. A write access to the hours register will halt the clock; the clock will not start again. Owing to the order in which the registers appear in the system's memory map, a simple loop is all, required to write the registers in the correct order.
It is permissible to write to only the tenths register to "nudge" the clock into action, in which following a hardware reset, the clock will start at 1:00:00.0. In addition to its timekeeping features, the TOD can be configured to act as an alarm clock, by arranging for it to generate an interrupt request at any desired time. Due to a bug in many 6526s, the alarm IRQ would not always occur when the seconds component of the alarm time is zero; the workaround is to set the alarm's tenths value to 0.1 seconds. The TOD clock's internal circuitry is designed to be driven by either 50 or 60 Hz clock signal, which can be inexpensively derived from the mains power source AC, resulting in a stable timekeeper with little long-term drift; the ability to work with both power line frequencies allowed a single version of the 6526 to be used in computers operated in countries with either 50 or 60 Hz mains power lines. It is important to note that contrary to the popular belief, NTSC or PAL video standards are not directly linked to mains power frequency.
Additionally, some computers did not derive their TOD clock frequency from the mains power source. For example, both NTSC and PAL variants of Commodore SX-64 use 60 Hz TOD clock supplied by a dedicated crystal. KERNAL operating system in Commodore 64 for example will determine the vi
Blue Screen of Death
A stop error, better known as a Blue Screen of Death, is an error screen displayed on a Windows computer system after a fatal system error known as a system crash: when the operating system reaches a condition where it can no longer operate safely. BSods have been around since the first Windows edition, Windows 1.01. It appears as a blue screen with white letters telling of a problem. BSoDs have been present in Windows NT 3.1 and all Windows operating systems released afterwards. BSoDs can be caused by poorly written device drivers or malfunctioning hardware, such as faulty memory, power supply issues, overheating of components, or hardware running beyond its specification limits. In the Windows 9x era, incompatible DLLs or bugs in the operating system kernel could cause BSoDs; because of the instability and lack of memory protection in Windows 9x, BSoDs were much more common. On 4 September 2014, several online journals, including Business Insider, DailyTech, Gizmodo, Neowin, Softpedia,TechFactsBD, The Register, The Verge attributed the creation of the Blue Screen of Death to Steve Ballmer, Microsoft's former CEO, while citing a source that does not say so: An article by the Microsoft employee Raymond Chen, titled "Who wrote the text for the Ctrl+Alt+Del dialog in Windows 3.1?"
The article was about the creation of the first rudimentary task manager in Windows 3.x, which shared visual similarities with a BSoD. In a follow-up on 9 September 2014, Raymond Chen complained about this widespread mistake, claimed responsibility for revising the BSoD in Windows 95 and panned BGR.com for having "entirely fabricated a scenario and posited it as real". Engadget updated its article to correct the mistake; until Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, BSoDs showed silver text on a royal blue background with information about current memory values and register values. Windows Server 2012, Windows 8 and Windows 10 use a cerulean background instead. Windows 95, 98 and ME BSoDs use 80×25 text mode. BSoDs in the Windows NT family use 80×50 text mode on a 720×400 screen. Windows XP BSoDs use the Lucida Console font while the Windows Vista and 7 BSoD uses the Consolas font. Windows 8, Windows Server 2012 use Segoe UI and attempt to render the BSoD at native resolution, otherwise defaulting to 640x480.
Windows 10 uses the same format as Windows 8, but has a QR code which leads to a Microsoft survey about how the blue screen was caused. Despite the "blue screen" name, in Windows 9x, the color of the message could be customized by the user; as of December 2016, Windows Insider builds of Windows 10 feature the same format as in public release versions, but with a green background instead of a blue one. "STOP Error" redirects here. In Windows NT family of operating systems, the blue screen of death occurs when the kernel or a driver running in kernel mode encounters an error from which it cannot recover; this is caused by an illegal operation being performed. The only safe action the operating system can take in this situation is to restart the computer; as a result, data may be lost, as users are not given an opportunity to save data that has not yet been saved to the hard drive. The text on the error screen contains the code of the error and its symbolic name along with four error-dependent values in parentheses that are there to help software engineers fix the problem that occurred.
Depending on the error code, it may display the address where the problem occurred, along with the driver, loaded at that address. Under Windows NT, the second and third sections of the screen may contain information on all loaded drivers and a stack dump, respectively; the driver information is in three columns. By default, Windows will create a memory dump file. Depending on the OS version, there may be several formats this can be saved in, ranging from a 64kB "minidump" to a "complete dump", a copy of the entire contents of physical memory; the resulting memory dump file may be debugged using a kernel debugger. For Windows WinDBG or KD debuggers from Debugging Tools for Windows are used. A debugger is necessary to obtain a stack trace, may be required to ascertain the true cause of the problem. By default, Windows XP is configured to save only a 64kB minidump when it encounters a stop error, to automatically reboot the computer; because this process happens quickly, the blue screen may be seen only for an instant or not at all.
Users have sometimes noted this as a random reboot rather than a traditional stop error, are only aware of an issue after Windows reboots and displays a notification that it has recovered from a serious error. This happens only when the computer has a function called "Auto Restart" enabled, which can be disabled in the Control Panel which in turn shows the stop error. Microsoft Windows can be configured to send live debugging information to a kernel debugger running on a separate computer. If a stop error is encountered while a live kernel debugger is attached to the system, Windows will halt execution and cause the debugger to break in, rather than displaying the BSoD; the debugger can be used to examine the contents of memory and determine
Read-only memory
Read-only memory is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM can only be modified with difficulty, or not at all, so it is used to store firmware or application software in plug-in cartridges. Read-only memory refers to memory, hard-wired, such as diode matrix and the mask ROM, which cannot be changed after manufacture. Although discrete circuits can be altered in principle, integrated circuits cannot, are useless if the data is bad or requires an update; that such memory can never be changed is a disadvantage in many applications, as bugs and security issues cannot be fixed, new features cannot be added. More ROM has come to include memory, read-only in normal operation, but can still be reprogrammed in some way. Erasable programmable read-only memory and electrically erasable programmable read-only memory can be erased and re-programmed, but this can only be done at slow speeds, may require special equipment to achieve, is only possible a certain number of times.
IBM used Capacitor Read Only Storage and Transformer Read Only Storage to store microcode for the smaller System/360 models, the 360/85 and the initial two models of the S/370. On some models there was a Writeable Control Store for additional diagnostics and emulation support; the simplest type of solid-state ROM is as old as the semiconductor technology itself. Combinational logic gates can be joined manually to map n-bit address input onto arbitrary values of m-bit data output. With the invention of the integrated circuit came mask ROM. Mask ROM consists of a grid of word lines and bit lines, selectively joined together with transistor switches, can represent an arbitrary look-up table with a regular physical layout and predictable propagation delay. In mask ROM, the data is physically encoded in the circuit, so it can only be programmed during fabrication; this leads to a number of serious disadvantages: It is only economical to buy mask ROM in large quantities, since users must contract with a foundry to produce a custom design.
The turnaround time between completing the design for a mask ROM and receiving the finished product is long, for the same reason. Mask ROM is impractical for R&D work since designers need to modify the contents of memory as they refine a design. If a product is shipped with faulty mask ROM, the only way to fix it is to recall the product and physically replace the ROM in every unit shipped. Subsequent developments have addressed these shortcomings. PROM, invented in 1956, allowed users to program its contents once by physically altering its structure with the application of high-voltage pulses; this addressed problems 1 and 2 above, since a company can order a large batch of fresh PROM chips and program them with the desired contents at its designers' convenience. The 1971 invention of EPROM solved problem 3, since EPROM can be reset to its unprogrammed state by exposure to strong ultraviolet light. EEPROM, invented in 1983, went a long way to solving problem 4, since an EEPROM can be programmed in-place if the containing device provides a means to receive the program contents from an external source.
Flash memory, invented at Toshiba in the mid-1980s, commercialized in the early 1990s, is a form of EEPROM that makes efficient use of chip area and can be erased and reprogrammed thousands of times without damage. All of these technologies improved the flexibility of ROM, but at a significant cost-per-chip, so that in large quantities mask ROM would remain an economical choice for many years. Rewriteable technologies were envisioned as replacements for mask ROM; the most recent development is NAND flash invented at Toshiba. Its designers explicitly broke from past practice, stating plainly that "the aim of NAND Flash is to replace hard disks," rather than the traditional use of ROM as a form of non-volatile primary storage; as of 2007, NAND has achieved this goal by offering throughput comparable to hard disks, higher tolerance of physical shock, extreme miniaturization, much lower power consumption. Every stored-program computer may use a form of non-volatile storage to store the initial program that runs when the computer is powered on or otherwise begins execution.
Every non-trivial computer needs some form of mutable memory to record changes in its state as it executes. Forms of read-only memory were employed as non-volatile storage for programs in most early stored-program computers, such as ENIAC after 1948. Read-only memory was simpler to implement since it needed only a mechanism to read stored values, not to change them in-place, thus could be implemented with crude electromechanical devices. With the advent of integrated circuits in the 1960s, both ROM and its mutable counterpart static RAM were implemented as arrays of transistors in silicon chips.
Error message
An error message is information displayed when an unexpected condition occurs on a computer or other device. On modern operating systems with graphical user interfaces, error messages are displayed using dialog boxes. Error messages are used when user intervention is required, to indicate that a desired operation has failed, or to relay important warnings. Error messages are seen throughout computing, are part of every operating system or computer hardware device. Proper design of error messages is an important topic in usability and other fields of human–computer interaction; the following error messages are seen by modern computer users: Access denied This error occurs if the user has insufficient privileges to a file, or if it has been locked by some program or user. Device not ready This error most occurs when there is no floppy disk in the disk drive and the system tries to perform tasks involving this disk. File not found The file concerned may have been damaged, deleted, or a bug may have caused the error.
Alternatively, the file might not exist, or the user has mistyped its name. More frequent on command line interfaces than on graphical user interfaces where files are presented iconically and users do not type file names. Low Disk Space This error occurs. To fix this, the user should delete some files, or get a bigger hard drive. Out of memory This error occurs when the system has run out of memory or tries to load a file too large to store in RAM; the fix is to install more memory. Has needs to close. We are sorry for the inconvenience; this message is displayed by Microsoft Windows XP when a program causes a general protection fault or invalid page fault. In Windows 7 it is changed into a more simple " has stopped working". Abort, Fail? - A notoriously confusing error message seen in MS-DOS Bad command or file name - Another notoriously common and confusing error message seen in MS-DOS The Blue Screen of Death - On Microsoft Windows and ReactOS operating systems, this screen appears when Windows or ReactOS can no longer run because of a severe error.
It is analogous to a kernel panic on Linux, Unix or Mac OS X. Can't extend - an error message from Acorn DFS. DFS stores files in non-fragmented contiguous disk space, this error is caused when trying to extend an open random-access file into space, occupied by another file. Guru Meditation - an error message from the Commodore Amiga analogous to a kernel panic or Blue Screen of Death adopted by more recent products such as VirtualBox HTTP 404 - A file not found error seen on the World Wide Web resulting from a link to a page, moved or deleted, or a mistyped URL lp0 on fire - A Unix warning that the printer may be on fire Not a typewriter - A Unix error message, confusing due to its now obsolete use of the word typewriter, and, sometimes output when the nature of error is different PC LOAD LETTER - An error on several HP laser printers that asked the user to add "Letter" size paper in a confusing way SYNTAX ERROR - Seen on many computer systems when the received instructions are in a format they don't understand HTTP 504 - An error found on the World Wide Web stating that a gateway timeout occurred in the internet link.
Error 1603 - An error that states that a problem during installation of a computer program, this error occurs on Windows computer systems. <application name> has stopped - An error message found on Android devices, which states a current running application unexpectedly stops working or crashes. Success - one of the error messages that occurs when the program has detected an error condition, yet the actual error message printing routine relies on C library to print the error reported by the operating system, while the underlying system calls have succeeded and report no errors; this is a form of sloppy error handling, confusing for the users. With the rise of Web 2.0 services such as Twitter, end-user facing error messages such as HTTP 404 and HTTP 500 started to be displayed with whimsical characters, termed Fail Pets or Error Mascots. The term "Fail Pet" was coined, or at least first used in print, by Mozilla Engineer Fred Wenzel in a post on his blog entitled "Why Wikipedia might need a fail-pet — and why Mozilla does not."
Dr. Sean Rintel argues that error messages are a critical strategic moment in brand awareness and loyalty. Fail pets are of interest to marketers. "However, that same recognition carries the danger of highlighting service failure." The most famous fail pet is Twitter's Fail Whale. Other fail pets include: Ars Technica: Moon Shark FarmVille on Facebook: Sad cow. GitHub: Octocat Google: Broken robot iCloud: Cloud with Apple System 7 emoticon-style face Macintosh: Sad Mac Tumblr: Tumbeasts Twitter: Fail Whale / Twitter Robot YouTube: Televisions, light static inside video window Cartoon Network: BMO: Domo Google Chrome: T-Rex The form that error messages take varies between operating systems and programs. Error messages on hardware devices, like computer peripherals, may take the form of dedicated lights indicating an error condition, a brief code that needs to be interpreted using a look-up sheet or a manual, or via a more detailed message on a display
HTTP 403
HTTP 403 is a standard HTTP status code communicated to clients by an HTTP server to indicate that access to the requested URL by the client is Forbidden for some reason. The server will not fulfill it due to client related issues. There are a number of sub-status error codes that provide a more specific reason for responding with the 403 status code. HTTP 403 provides a distinct error case from HTTP 401; this other reason needs to be acted upon before re-requesting access to the resource. Error 403: "The server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it. Authorization will not help and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated." Error 401: "The request requires user authentication. The response MUST include a WWW-Authenticate header field containing a challenge applicable to the requested resource; the client MAY repeat the request with a suitable Authorization header field. If the request included Authorization credentials the 401 response indicates that authorization has been refused for those credentials."
RFC2616See "403 substatus error codes for IIS" for possible reasons of why the webserver is refusing to fulfill the request. The Apache web server returns 403 Forbidden in response to requests for URL paths that correspond to file system directories when directory listings have been disabled in the server and there is no Directory Index directive to specify an existing file to be returned to the browser; some administrators configure the Mod proxy extension to Apache to block such requests and this will return 403 Forbidden. Microsoft IIS responds in the same way. In WebDAV, the 403 Forbidden response will be returned by the server if the client issued a PROPFIND request but did not issue the required Depth header or issued a Depth header of infinity The following nonstandard codes are returned by Microsoft's Internet Information Services and are not recognized by IANA. 403.1 - Execute access forbidden. 403.2 - Read access forbidden. 403.3 - Write access forbidden. 403.4 - SSL required 403.5 - SSL 128 required.
403.6 - IP address rejected. 403.7 - Client certificate required. 403.8 - Site access denied. 403.9 - Too many users. 403.10 - Invalid configuration. 403.11 - Password change. 403.12 - Mapper denied access. 403.13 - Client certificate revoked. 403.14 - Directory listing denied. 403.15 - Client Access Licenses exceeded. 403.16 - Client certificate is untrusted or invalid. 403.17 - Client certificate has expired or is not yet valid. 403.18 - Cannot execute request from that application pool. 403.19 - Cannot execute CGIs for the client in this application pool. 403.20 - Passport logon failed. 403.21 - Source access denied. 403.22 - Infinite depth is denied. 403.502 - Too many requests from the same client IP. 403.503 - Rejected due to IP address restriction.htaccess List of HTTP status codes URL redirection Apache Module mod_proxy - Forward /web/Hypertext Transfer Protocol: Semantics and Content
Wii Fit Plus
Wii Fit Plus is an exergaming video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Wii console. The game was released in other regions in the same month. Wii Fit Plus was announced during Nintendo's E3 2009 media briefing on June 2, 2009; the game is an enhanced version of Wii Fit, with 15 new balance and aerobics games and six new strength training and yoga activities. New features include a calorie burning counter, the ability for users to create custom fitness regimens or choose from a number of specialized routines based on specific objectives and available time, the option to create profiles for pets and babies. Users are able to navigate more between exercises. Wii Fit Plus is sold bundled with a Wii Balance Board, as well as separately for existing Wii Balance Board owners. Most activities are for a single player, but there are a number of multi-player activities that allow up to 8 players to take turns using one Wii Balance Board. Wii Fit Plus garnered both commercial success; the game has received aggregate review scores of 80.83% and 80% on GameRankings and Metacritic respectively.
Wii Fit Plus is the seventh best-selling game on the Wii, with a total of 21.13 million copies sold as of September 2018. Wii Fit Plus provides all of the original activities in Wii Fit, fifteen additional balance/aerobics games, six yoga and strength-training exercises unique to the game. Yoga Spine Extension Gate Grounded V Strength Training Balance Bridge Single-Leg Reach Side Lunge Training Plus Games marked † are remakes of games from the original Wii Fit Perfect 10 Island Cycling Rhythm Kung-Fu Driving Range Segway Circuit Bird's-Eye Bulls-Eye Snowball Fight Obstacle Course Tilt City Rhythm Parade Big Top Juggling Skateboard Arena Table Tilt Plus † Balance Bubble Plus † Basic Run Plus † Following the commercial success of Wii Fit, producer Shigeru Miyamoto decided to produce a follow-up. Miyamoto learned during Wii Fit Plus development that many Wii Fit owners had stopped playing the game, believing the primary reason to be inconvenience. A new menu interface, My Wii Fit Plus, was implemented to address this issue and make accessing activities quicker and easier.
The interface was adjusted multiple times during development. In designing new minigames for Wii Fit Plus, Miyamoto wanted to create activities that played upon the Stroop effect, requiring coordination of both the player's mind and body. Wii Fit Plus received positive reviews from critics. GameRankings reports an aggregate score of 80.83% based on 18 reviews, Metacritic reports a score of 80% based on 33 reviews. IGN gave Wii Fit Plus a score of 8.2. GameSpot gave it a 7.5 out of 10. 1UP gave it an A-, stating, "There's still some tightening up to be done, but Wii Fit Plus is a definite improvement in the format."Within one month of its release, Wii Fit Plus sold 2.16 million copies worldwide, by September 2018 had sold 21.13 million units worldwide. In May 2010 the American Heart Association endorsed the Wii to encourage sedentary people to take the first step toward fitness; the AHA heart icon covers the console itself along with two of its more active games, Wii Fit Plus and Wii Sports Resort.
Wii Fit U Official website Wii Fit Plus at Nintendo.com
