Gutierre Vermúdez
Gutierre Vermúdez (or Gutier Bermúdez) (died 1130) was a nobleman of the Kingdom of León, with interests primarily in Galicia, mainly in the northeast, around Lugo. He was a strong and loyal supporter of both Queen Urraca (1109–26) and the Emperor Alfonso VII (1126–57).
Gutierre was a son of Vermudo Ovéquiz, a son of Count Oveco Vermúdez. His mother was Jimena Peláez, daughter of Pelayo Fróilaz and Aldonza Ordóñez. (At that time it was customary for children to have a given name and a patronymic; Ovéquiz is son or daughter of Oveco, Peláez of Pelayo, Pérez of Pedro, etc.) Gutierre was a relative of the Vela family and a brother of Suero Vermúdez. He married Toda Pérez, daughter of Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and Mayor Rodríguez de Bárcena, some time before 18 January 1117. In 1125 she made a donation to the monastery of Carboeiro. After her husband's death, on 1 March 1143 she joined her brother Rodrigo Pérez and her son Vela Gutiérrez in making a donation to Sobrado dos Monxes, which had been founded by her brothers Fernando and Vermudo in 1118. The trio did the same again on 20 March 1155, the last time Toda is recorded alive.
Gutierre is first recorded in a document of 18 January 1086. In the time of Alfonso VI, Gutierre got in a dispute with the Benedictine monks of San Juan de Corias over the payment of tolls (portazgo) on the movement of goods through the lordship of Laciana. The king exempted the abbey from tolls in Laciana.[1] In May 1112 Gutierre was raised to the rank of Count (Latin comes) and granted the tenencias (fiefs) of Montenegro (which he retained until at least 1115 and perhaps until the end of Urraca's reign) and Monterroso.[2] In 1117 he and his wife purchased land in Vigo. In 1122 he made endowments to the regular clergy of San Juan de Caabeiro and to San Juan de Corias. In 1126 he made peace with the new king, Alfonso VII, immediately, while he was still in Galicia. He later came to Zamora in April to make the oath of fealty, according to the Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris.[3] Later that spring Arias Pérez led a rebellion in Galicia. According to the Historia compostellana, Alfonso charged a certain "Count G" and the prelate Diego Gelmírez per litteras suas (i.e. in writing) with putting it down. This anonymous count may have been Gutierre[4] or perhaps Gómez Núñez.[5] Sometime between 1127 and 1129 he made a further donation to the Benedictines of Lourenzá, and in 1128 to the military order of the Templars. In February 1129 Gutierre exchanged all his estates in the Asturias with his brother Suero for all of the latter's lands in Galicia.
By a charter dated 30 October 1130, his last known public act, Gutierre made a donation of the monastery of San Salvador de Villafrío to the Cathedral of Saint Mary in Lugo, then under construction under the master builder Raimundo de Monforte.[6] There is a discrepancy, however, between this and a diploma dated to 23 September that same year by which his wife made a donation to Lourenzá for the good of her late husband's soul; one of the documents is dated incorrectly. Toda made a donation to Lourenzá again in May 1131. Gutierre was buried at Lourenzá, although it was located in western Galicia, a zone dominated by the House of Traba.[7] Gutierre's son Vela never attained the same rank as his father; he served as a knight (miles) in the military household of Alfonso VII and was rewarded with the villa of San Esteban de Nogales in May 1149.[8] Vela's son, Ponce Vela de Cabrera, married to Aldonza Alfonso de León, illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso IX, is the ancestor of the Ponce de León.
Notes[edit]
- ^ A dispute erupted between Suero and the same monastery in 1131, wherein the count's agents discovered the verdict of Gutierre's tenure and Suero lifted the tolls, (Barton 1997, p. 101)
- ^ Gutierre used the title comes de Montenigro (count of Montenegro), (Barton 1997, p. 32 n20). Bernard F. Reilly supposes the reference to Monterroso dated 14 May 1112 to be a scribal error for Montenegro, in which fief he cites him as late as March 1117 (Reilly 1982, p. 289).
- ^ Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris' Book I, §5; Barton 1997, p. 127.
- ^ Barton 1997, p. 160 n73.
- ^ Fletcher 1984, p. 248.
- ^ San Salvador had been Cluniac between 1075 and sometime before 1126, when Urraca had donated it to Gutierre. Charles Bishko quotes from Gutierre's charter of donation:
... duas partes monasterii sancti Saluatoris quod uulgo Villarfrigidum nuncupatur [...] in territorio Flamosi et capite montis quem Cirium uocant super riuulum aquae Recamundi nuncupatae discurrente ad aquam de Ameneda et inter alios duos maximos montes suis nominibus dignos quorum alter Cuperius alter uero Lapideus uocatur [...] quod uidelicet monasterium habuimus ex datione bonae memoriae reginae dominae Urrachae, quae nobis contulit illud per scripturam firmam et authenticam concedente postmodum filio eius rege domino Adefonso ut omnibus notum est (Bishko, 1983 & 309 notes 9 and 11).
- ^ Fletcher 1984, pp. 40–41.
- ^ Barton 1997, pp. 110, 161.
References[edit]
- Barton, Simon (1997), The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile, Cambridge University Press, pp. 32, 101, 110, 127, 161, 192 262 Especially p. 262, which contains a brief curriculum vitae
- Bishko, Charles Julian (1983) [1965], "The Cluniac Priories of Galicia and Portugal: Their Acquisition and Administration, 1075–c. 1230", Studia Monastica, 7 (reprinted in Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History, 600–1300 (chapter 11, with the same pagination) ed.), London: Variorum Reprints, p. 309 notes 9 and 11
- Fletcher, Richard A. (1984), Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela, Oxford University Press, pp. 40–41, 248
- Reilly, Bernard F. (1982), The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126, Princeton University Press, p. 289