1.
Coldplay
–
Coldplay are a British rock band formed in 1996 by lead vocalist and keyboardist Chris Martin and lead guitarist Jonny Buckland at University College London. After they formed under the name Pectoralz, Guy Berryman joined the group as bassist, will Champion joined as drummer and backing vocalist, completing the performing line-up. Creative Director Phil Harvey is often referred to as the fifth member by the band. The band renamed themselves Coldplay in 1998, before recording and releasing three EPs, Safety in 1998, Brothers & Sisters as a single in 1999, the Blue Room was their first release on a major label, after signing to Parlophone. They achieved worldwide fame with the release of the single Yellow in 2000 and this was followed by their debut album Parachutes released the same year, which was nominated for the Mercury Prize. The bands second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head, was released to acclaim and won multiple awards. Their next release, X&Y, the album worldwide in 2005, was met with mostly positive reviews upon its release. In May 2014, they released their album, Ghost Stories. In December 2015, the released their seventh album, A Head Full of Dreams. Coldplay have sold more than 80 million records worldwide, making one of the worlds best-selling music artists. In December 2009, Rolling Stone readers voted the group the fourth-best artist of the 2000s, Coldplay have been an active supporter of various social and political causes, such as Oxfams Make Trade Fair campaign and Amnesty International. Chris Martin and Jonny Buckland first met during their week at University College London in September 1996. The pair spent the rest of the university year planning a band, Guy Berryman, a classmate of Martin and Buckland, later joined the group. By 1997, the group, who had renamed themselves Starfish, Martin also had recruited his longtime school friend Phil Harvey, who was studying classics at the University of Oxford, to be the bands manager. Coldplay have since accepted Harvey as the member of the group. The bands line-up was completed when Will Champion joined to take up percussion duties, Champion had grown up playing piano, guitar, bass, and tin whistle, he quickly learned the drums. The band finally settled on the name Coldplay which was suggested by Tim Crompton, by 1997, Martin had met Classics student Tim Rice-Oxley. During a weekend in the English village Virginia Water in Surrey they asked each other to play their own songs on the piano
Coldplay
–
Coldplay on stage following a 2009 performance during the Viva La Vida tour. From left to right:
Chris Martin,
Guy Berryman,
Jonny Buckland,
Will Champion
Coldplay
–
Live performances during their 2002 tour were noted for their use of
strobe lighting.
Coldplay
–
Coldplay performing in Barcelona during their
Twisted Logic Tour in 2005
Coldplay
–
Performing live outside the
BBC Television Centre during their
Viva la Vida Tour in 2008
2.
Kirkcaldy, Scotland
–
Kirkcaldy is a town and former royal burgh in Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. It is about 11.6 miles north of Edinburgh and 27.6 miles south-southwest of Dundee, the town had a population of 49,460, which was recorded in 2011, making it Fifes second-largest settlement and the 11th most populous settlement in Scotland. Kirkcaldy has long been nicknamed the Lang Toun in reference to the early towns 0. 9-mile main street, as indicated on maps of the 16th and 17th centuries. The street later reached a length of nearly 4 miles, connecting the burgh to the settlements of Linktown, Pathhead, Sinclairtown and Gallatown. The formerly separate burgh of Dysart was merged into Kirkcaldy in 1930, the area around Kirkcaldy has been inhabited since the Bronze Age. The first document to refer to the town was in 1075, David I later gave the burgh to Dunfermline Abbey, which had succeeded the church, a status which was officially recognised by Robert I in 1327. The town only gained its independence from Abbey rule when it was created a burgh by Charles I in 1644. From the early 16th century, the establishment of a harbour at the East Burn confirmed the early role as an important trading port. The town also began to develop around the salt, coal mining, the production of linen which followed in 1672 was later instrumental in the introduction of floorcloth in 1847 by linen manufacturer, Michael Nairn. In 1877 this in turn contributed to linoleum, which became the towns most successful industry, the town expanded considerably in the 1950s and 1960s, though the decline of the linoleum industry and other manufacturing restricted its growth thereafter. The town is a service centre for the central Fife area. It has a pool, theatre, museum and art gallery. Kirkcaldy is also known as the birthplace of philosopher and economist Adam Smith. In the early 21st century, employment is dominated by the service sector, other main employers include NHS Fife, Forbo-flooring, Fife College and R Hutchison Ltd. The name Kirkcaldy means place of the fort or place of Caleds fort. It is derived from the Pictish caer meaning fort, caled, which is Pictish hard or a name, and -in. Caled may describe the fort itself or be an epithet for a local hard ruler, an interpretation of the last element as din rather than -n is incorrect. The Old Statistical Account gives a derivation from culdee, which has been repeated in later publications, the discovery of 11 Bronze Age cist burials which date from 2500 BC and 500 BC suggests that this is the most ancient funerary site in the area
Kirkcaldy, Scotland
–
Aerial view of Kirkcaldy and it's waterfront
Kirkcaldy, Scotland
–
Remains of the common muir now known as Volunteers' Green
Kirkcaldy, Scotland
–
Kirkcaldy Town House
Kirkcaldy, Scotland
–
View of Kirkcaldy Bay seen from the beach near Invertiel
3.
Alternative rock
–
Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
Alternative rock
–
One of the first popular alternative rock bands,
R.E.M. relied on
college-radio airplay, constant touring, and a grassroots fanbase to break into the musical mainstream.
Alternative rock
–
Kim Gordon and
Thurston Moore of
Sonic Youth
Alternative rock
–
Robert Smith of
The Cure rejects the genre labels like alternative,
gothic rock, and
college rock applied to his band. He has said, "Every time we went to America we had a different tag... I can't remember when we officially became 'alt-rock'".
Alternative rock
–
Kurt Cobain (foreground) and
Krist Novoselic with
Nirvana live at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards.
4.
Post-Britpop
–
Many bands in the post-Britpop era avoided the Britpop label while still producing music derived from it. The music of most bands was guitar based, often mixing elements of British traditional rock, particularly the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, bands from the era utilized specific elements from 1970s British rock and pop music. This, beside a greater willingness to woo the American press and fans and they have been seen as presenting the image of the rock star as an ordinary person, or boy-next-door and their increasingly melodic music was criticised for being bland or derivative. Bands that had enjoyed success during the mid-1990s, but were not really part of the Britpop scene, included The Verve. After the decline of Britpop they began to more critical. Travis, also from Glasgow, were one of the first major bands to emerge in the post-Britpop era. Although garnering some attention, they did not break through in the US. Also from Wales were Feeder, who were more influenced by American post-grunge, producing a hard rock sound that led to their breakthrough single Buck Rogers. These acts were followed by a number of bands who shared aspects of their music, including Snow Patrol, from Northern Ireland and Elbow, Embrace, Starsailor, Doves and Keane from England. However, a number of the bands of this era, particularly Travis, Stereophonics and Coldplay, continued to record and enjoy commercial success into the new millennium. Bands in the era have been credited with revitalising the British rock music scene in the late 1990s and 2000s. They have also criticised for providing a homogenised and conformist version of Britpop that serves as music for TV soundtracks, shopping malls, bars
Post-Britpop
–
Travis, one of the first post-Britpop bands to enjoy international success, performing in Los Angeles in 2007.
Post-Britpop
–
Kelly Jones of
Stereophonics performing in Hamburg, Germany in 2007
Post-Britpop
–
Coldplay, the most commercially successful post-Britpop band to date, on stage in 2008.
5.
Pop music
–
Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
Pop music
–
The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that the term "pop" refers to music performed by such artists as
the Rolling Stones (pictured here in a 2006 performance)
Pop music
–
According to several sources,
MTV helped give rise to
pop stars such as
Michael Jackson and
Madonna; and Jackson and Madonna helped make MTV.
Pop music
6.
Synth-pop
–
Synth-pop is a subgenre of new wave music that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the Krautrock of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late-1970s to the mid-1980s. In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestras success opened the way for bands such as P-Model, Plastics. The development of polyphonic synthesizers, the definition of MIDI. This, its adoption by the acts from the New Romantic movement, together with the rise of MTV. Synth-pop is sometimes deployed interchangeably with electropop, but electropop may also denote a variant of synth-pop that places emphasis on a harder. In the late 1980s duos such as Erasure and Pet Shop Boys adopted a style that was successful on the US dance-charts. Some artists and bands were criticised for gender bending, Synth-pop was defined by its primary use of synthesizers, drum machines and sequencers, sometimes using them to replace all other instruments. Borthwick and Moy have described the genre as diverse but, many synth-pop musicians had limited musical skills, relying on the technology to produce or reproduce the music. The result was often minimalist, with grooves that were woven together from simple repeated riffs often with no harmonic progression to speak of. Early synth-pop has been described as eerie, sterile, and vaguely menacing, using droning electronics with little change in inflection, common lyrical themes of synth-pop songs were isolation, urban anomie, and feelings of being emotionally cold and hollow. Synthesizers were increasingly used to imitate the conventional and clichéd sound of orchestras, thin, treble-dominant, synthesized melodies and simple drum programmes gave way to thick, and compressed production, and a more conventional drum sound. Lyrics were generally optimistic, dealing with more traditional subject matter for pop music such as romance, escapism. According to music writer Simon Reynolds, the hallmark of 1980s synth-pop was its emotional, at times operatic singers such as Marc Almond, Alison Moyet and Annie Lennox. Because synthesizers removed the need for groups of musicians, these singers were often part of a duo where their partner played all the instrumentation. Later synth-pop saw a shift to a style influenced by other genres. Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, the portable Minimoog, which allowed much easier use, particularly in live performance was widely adopted by progressive rock musicians such as Richard Wright of Pink Floyd and Rick Wakeman of Yes
Synth-pop
–
The
Prophet-5, one of the first
polyphonic synthesizers. It was widely used in 1980s synthpop, along with the
Roland Jupiter and
Yamaha DX7.
Synth-pop
–
Kraftwerk, one of the major influences on synthpop, in 1976.
Synth-pop
–
Yellow Magic Orchestra in 2008.
Synth-pop
–
Gary Numan performing in 1980
7.
Electronic keyboard
–
An electronic keyboard or digital keyboard is an electronic musical instrument, an electronic or digital derivative of keyboard instruments. Broadly speaking, in a popular context, the term electronic keyboard or just a keyboard mostly refers to any type of digital or electronic keyboard instrument. These include synthesizers, digital pianos, stage pianos, electronic organs, however, in true musical terminology, an electronic keyboard is an inexpensive synthesizer equipped with built-in power amplifier and small loudspeakers. Electronic keyboards are capable of recreating a wide range of instrument sounds with less complex sound synthesis, Electronic keyboards are usually dedicated for home users, beginners and other non-professional users. The least expensive models do not have velocity-sensitive keys, but mid- to high-priced models do have these feature, home keyboards typically have little if any sound editing capacity. The user typically selects from a range of voices or sounds. Home keyboards have a lower cost than professional synthesizers. Casio and Yamaha are among the manufacturers of home keyboards. An electronic keyboard may also called a digital keyboard, portable keyboard, or home keyboard, referring their digital-based sound generation and light-weight, portable build. In Russia, most kinds of keyboards were often referred to as a synthesizer. The term electronic keyboard may also be used to refer to synthesizer or digital piano on colloquial usage, Most keyboards use a keyboard matrix circuit to reduce the amount of wiring that is needed. Electronic hardware can also do this, Sound generator, A digital sound module typically contained within an integrated ROM, which is capable of accepting MIDI commands and producing sounds. Keyboard sound generators are mostly based on PCM synth, amplifier and speakers, an internal audio amplifier built to the sound generator chip and low-powered speakers that amplify the sounds so that the listener can hear them. Power supply, Keyboards may or may not have a power supply system built to the main circuit board. Flash memory, Most electronic keyboards have an amount of onboard memory for storing MIDI data and/or recorded songs. Floppy disks were obsolete by the early 2000s, with memory cards start to replace them shortly afterwards, USB storage were originally less common at the time, but was later popularized by Yamahas Tyros2 workstation keyboard in 2005 and has become a standard feature ever since. Most keyboards today uses USB storage, with the exception of some Casio, keyboard instruments can be found as far back as the hydraulis in the 3rd century BCE, which developed into the pipe organ, and small portable instruments such as the portative and positive organ. Additional keyboard instruments, the clavichord and harpsichord, were developed in the 14th century CE, as technology improved, more sophisticated keyboards were developed, including the 12-tone keyboard still in use today
Electronic keyboard
–
A
Yamaha PSR-290 electronic keyboard.
Electronic keyboard
–
Playing an electronic keyboard.
8.
Synthesisers
–
A synthesizer is an electronic musical instrument that generates electric signals that are converted to sound through instrument amplifiers and loudspeakers or headphones. Synthesizers may either imitate instruments like piano, Hammond organ, flute, vocals, natural sounds like ocean waves, etc. or generate new electronic timbres. Synthesizers without built-in controllers are called sound modules, and are controlled via USB, MIDI or CV/gate using a controller device. Synthesizers use various methods to generate electronic signals, synthesizers were first used in pop music in the 1960s. In the 1970s, synths were used in disco, especially in the late 1970s, in the 1980s, the invention of the relatively inexpensive, mass market Yamaha DX7 synth made synthesizers widely available. 1980s pop and dance music often made use of synthesizers. In the 2010s, synthesizers are used in genres of pop, rock. Contemporary classical music composers from the 20th and 21st century write compositions for synthesizer, the beginnings of the synthesizer are difficult to trace, as it is difficult to draw a distinction between synthesizers and some early electric or electronic musical instruments. One of the earliest electric musical instruments, the telegraph, was invented in 1876 by American electrical engineer Elisha Gray. He accidentally discovered the sound generation from a self-vibrating electromechanical circuit and this musical telegraph used steel reeds with oscillations created by electromagnets transmitted over a telegraph line. Gray also built a simple loudspeaker device into later models, consisting of a diaphragm in a magnetic field. This instrument was a remote electromechanical musical instrument that used telegraphy, though it lacked an arbitrary sound-synthesis function, some have erroneously called it the first synthesizer. In 1897, Thaddeus Cahill invented the Teleharmonium, which used dynamos, and was capable of additive synthesis like the Hammond organ, however, Cahills business was unsuccessful for various reasons, and similar but more compact instruments were subsequently developed, such as electronic and tonewheel organs. In 1906, American engineer, Lee De Forest ushered in the electronics age and he invented the first amplifying vacuum tube, called the Audion tube. This led to new entertainment technologies, including radio and sound films, ondes Martenot and Trautonium were continuously developed for several decades, finally developing qualities similar to later synthesizers. In the 1920s, Arseny Avraamov developed various systems of graphic sonic art, in 1938, USSR engineer Yevgeny Murzin designed a compositional tool called ANS, one of the earliest real-time additive synthesizers using optoelectronics. The earliest polyphonic synthesizers were developed in Germany and the United States, during the three years that Hammond manufactured this model,1,069 units were shipped, but production was discontinued at the start of World War II. Both instruments were the forerunners of the electronic organs and polyphonic synthesizers
Synthesisers
–
Early
Minimoog by R.A. Moog Inc. (ca. 1970)
Synthesisers
–
Wolfgang von Kempelen's Speaking Machine in 1769–1791 (replica in 2007–2009)
Synthesisers
–
Rudolph Koenig 's sound synthesizer in 1865: consists of
tuning forks,
electromagnets, and
Helmholtz resonators.
Synthesisers
–
The
Teleharmonium console (1897) and
Hammond organ (1934).
9.
Mandolin
–
A mandolin is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or pick. It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison, although five, the courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello. There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a bottom, constructed of strips of wood. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a shallower, arched back. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music, carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature a fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course. There has also been a type and an instrument with sixteen-strings. Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard, pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, the modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections, there is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic f. A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling, Mandolins evolved from the lute family in Italy during the 17th and 18th centuries, and the deep bowled mandolin, produced particularly in Naples, became common in the 19th century. Dating to around c.13,000 BC, a painting in the Trois Frères cave in France depicts what some believe is a musical bow. From the musical bow, families of stringed instruments developed, since each string played a note, adding strings added new notes, creating bow harps, harps. In turn, this led to being able to play dyads and chords, another innovation occurred when the bow harp was straightened out and a bridge used to lift the strings off the stick-neck, creating the lute
Mandolin
–
An American A-style left-handed mandolin, with F-holes
Mandolin
–
Modern Neapolitan bowlback mandolin manufactured by the
Calace family workshop.
Mandolin
–
Mandolin with six courses of strings (2 strings per course), labeled Milanese at the museum.
Mandolin
–
Advertisement for a Lyon and Healy made, Washburn brand mandolin from an 1897 short-stories magazine, The Black Cat.
10.
Yangqin
–
The trapezoidal yangqin is a Chinese hammered dulcimer, originally from Persia. It used to be written with the characters 洋琴, but over time the first character changed to 揚, hammered dulcimers of various types are now very popular not only in China, but also Eastern Europe, the Middle East, India, Iran, and Pakistan. The instruments are sometimes known by the names santur and cymbalom. This instrument had an influence on Thai classical instrument, known as Khim The yangqin was traditionally fitted with bronze strings, the Thai and Cambodian khim are nearly identical in their construction, having been introduced to those nations by southern Chinese musicians. Since the 1950s, however, steel strings have been used, in order to give the instrument a brighter. The modern yangqin can have as many as five courses of bridges, Traditional instruments, with three or more courses of bridges, are also still widely in use. The instruments strings are struck with two lightweight bamboo beaters with rubber tips, a professional musician often carries several sets of beaters, each of which draws a slightly different tone from the instrument, much like the drum sticks of Western percussionists. The yangqin is used both as an instrument and in ensembles. The word yangqin has historically been written in two different ways, using different Chinese characters for yang, the yang in the earlier version was written with the character 洋, meaning foreign. Another theory of how the yangqin came into contact with the Chinese is through the Silk Road from Mongolia, at a glance, the Silk Route stretches almost 5,000 miles reaching from China to the Middle East, including Iran. The Iranian santur, a dulcimer, has existed since ancient times, if any dulcimer was to influence China by land, it is likely to be this instrument. The technical structure of the santur is different in the way the tuning pegs are place, the bridges, the yangqins tuning pins are set in parallel instead of a 90-degree angle down at the side. Both modern and earlier yangqin mallets did not include finger grips, the bridge of the yangqin consist of long, single pieces of wood with many protruding stubs supporting the strings unlike the santur, which uses a number of small, individual chesspiece-like bridges. The port at Canton/Guangzhou attracts traders from all over Asia, from Japan, India, Southeast Asia, the ships from this region bought back precious stones, slaves, exotic wares, fruits, spices, etc. Along with trade, businesses, ideas, philosophies and scientific knowledge were exchanged, during the 16th century, the Age of Exploration in Europe reached its climax and soon trade was established between China and Europe. Historians state that Portuguese, and later, English and Dutch ships, had brisk trade with China, Portuguese trading in Chinese waters began in the 16th century according to historians. Music historians report that the salterio, a dulcimer, was played in Portugal, Spain. Historians say it is possible that the yangqin originated when the Portuguese, some historians have stated that the European clavichord is another possible precursor to the Yangqin
Yangqin
–
A yangqin on a stand
Yangqin
–
A musician playing a yangqin in a Cantonese street band in San Francisco
Yangqin
–
Bridges and strings of a yangqin. This particular image is of the lower strings, which are thicker and wound with copper.
Yangqin
–
A pair of yangqin hammers.
11.
Parlophone
–
Parlophone Limited is a German-British record label that was founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindström Company as Parlophon. The British branch of the company was formed in 8 August 1923 as The Parlophone Co. Ltd. which developed a reputation in the 1920s as a jazz record label. In 5 October 1926, the Columbia Graphophone Company acquired Parlophones business, name, Columbia Graphophone later merged with the Gramophone Company in 31 March 1931 to become Electric & Musical Industries Limited. George Martin joined EMI in 1950 as assistant label manager, taking over as manager in 1955, Martin produced and released a mix of product including comedy recordings of the Goons, the pianist Mrs Mills, and teen idol Adam Faith. For a long time Parlophone claimed the best-selling UK single She Loves You, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, both by The Beatles. The label also achieved placement of seven singles at No.1 during 1964, Parlophone continued as a division of EMI until it was merged into the Gramophone Co. Ltd. on 1 July 1965. On 1 July 1973, the Gramophone Co. Ltd. was renamed EMI Records Limited, on 28 September 2012, regulators officially approved Universal Music Group s planned acquisition of EMI, on condition that its EMI Records Ltd. group would be divested from the combined group. EMI Records Ltd. included Parlophone and other labels to be divested and were for a time operated in a single entity known as the Parlophone Label Group. Warner Music Group later acquired Parlophone and PLG in 7 February 2013, making Parlophone their new third flagship label, alongside Warner Bros. Records, PLG was renamed as the Parlophone Records Limited group in May 2013. Parlophone is now the oldest of WMGs three flagship record labels, Parlophone was founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindström Company as Parlophon. The name Parlophon had been used for gramophones before the company began making records of their own. The labels ₤ trademark is a German L that stands for its original founder Lindström and it has coincidentally been said to resemble the British pound sign, which itself is derived from the letter L for the Ancient Roman unit of measurement Libra, which means pound in Latin. During World War I, the Transoceanic Trading Company was set up in the Netherlands to look after its overseas assets, on 8 August 1923, the British branch of Parlophone was established, led by artists and repertoire manager Oscar Preuss. Parlophone established a leasing arrangement with the co-owned United States-based record label Okeh Records. The CLPGS has published a list of Parlophone titles issued between the years of 1923 and 1956, in 1927, the Columbia Graphophone Company acquired a controlling interest in the Carl Lindström Company and in Parlophone. In 31 March 1931, Columbia Graphophone merged with the Gramophone Company to form Electric & Musical Industries Ltd, under EMI, Parlophone initially maintained its status as a jazz label. In about 1929 or 1930, the Rhythm Style Series started, besides the Okeh recordings, Parlophone also issued recordings from Columbia Records and Brunswick Records, as well as a few sessions produced at Decca Records. As time went on, the label also released speciality recordings of word and comedy recordings, including the comedy recordings of the Goons and Flanders
Parlophone
–
"Parlophon" ad from 1927, Berlin
Parlophone
–
Parlophone Records
Parlophone
–
Early 20th century Parlophone record label of the 78rpm acoustic era
Parlophone
–
Please Please Me by
the Beatles (side 1) – 1963. Parlophone gold and black label
12.
Capitol Records
–
Capitol Records, LLC is an American record label which operates as a division of the Capitol Music Group. The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs, in 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records, Capitol Records circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California. Mercer first raised the idea of starting a company while golfing with Harold Arlen. By 1941, Mercer was a songwriter and a singer with multiple successful releases. Mercer next suggested the idea to Wallichs while visiting his record store, Wallichs expressed interest in the idea and the pair negotiated an agreement whereby Mercer would run the company and identify their artists, while Wallichs managed the business side. On February 2,1942, Mercer and Wallichs met with DeSylva at a Hollywood restaurant to inquire about the possibility of investment of the company from Paramount Pictures, while DeSylva declined the proposal, he handed the pair a check worth $15,000. On March 27,1942, the three men incorporated as Liberty Records, in May 1942, the application was amended to change the companys name to Capitol Records. On April 6,1942, Mercer supervised Capitols first recording session where Martha Tilton recorded the song Moon Dreams, on May 5, Bobby Sherwood and his orchestra recorded two tracks in the studio. On May 21, Freddie Slack and his orchestra recorded three tracks in the studio, one with the orchestra, one with Ella Mae Morse called Cow-Cow Boogie, on June 4,1942, Capitol opened its first office in a second-floor room south of Sunset Boulevard. On that same day, Wallichs presented the companys first free record to Los Angeles disc jockey Peter Potter, on June 5,1942, Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra recorded four songs at the studio. On June 12, the recorded five more songs in the studio. On June 11, Tex Ritter recorded Jingle Jangle Jingle and Goodbye My Little Cherokee for his first Capitol recording session, and the songs formed Capitols 110th produced record. 133 - Get On Board Little Chillun - July 31,1942 - is a Freddie Slack/Ella Mae Morse/Mellowaires recording that might be the first rock n roll record and she has sometimes been called the first rock n roll singer. A good example is her 1942 recording of song which, with strong gospel, blues, boogie. Bone Walker recorded Mean Old World a pioneering example of the use of electric guitar. The earliest recording artists included co-owner Mercer, Whiteman, Tilton, Morse, Margaret Whiting, Jo Stafford, the Pied Pipers, Johnnie Johnston, Tex Ritter, Capitols first gold single was Morses Cow Cow Boogie in 1942. Capitols first album was Capitol Presents Songs By Johnny Mercer, a three 78-rpm disc set with recordings by Mercer, Stafford and the Pied Pipers, all with Westons Orchestra
Capitol Records
–
Center of image: 1950s LP on Capitol
Capitol Records
–
Capitol Records
Capitol Records
–
45rpm Beatles single on Capitol
Capitol Records
–
Capitol logo from 1969 to 1977
13.
Atlantic Records
–
Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
Atlantic Records
–
"Weird Al" Yankovic edits the Atlantic Records' Wikipedia page to read "YOU SUCK!" in the music video for the song "
White & Nerdy "
Atlantic Records
–
Atlantic Records logo as of 2015.
14.
Apparatjik
–
Apparatjik are a multi-national band formed in 2008. The bands name literal translation is agent of the apparatus, the band first came together for a charity album for Survival International called Songs for Survival. The album was produced by Martin Terefe and Molly Oldfield, and this track was used as the theme music for the Amazon series on BBC2. Subsequently they continued to work together in Magne Furuholmens studio in Norway, on 30 November, they released the first official track, Electric Eye, from their then-upcoming album through their website. Apparatjiks first live performance was at the edition of club transmediale, an annual festival in Berlin. This gig consisted of the band performing inside a specially constructed cube at the WMF on 1 February 2010, the same day saw the release of their debut album, titled We Are Here, for digital download via their official website. Their first public performances took place at the Deutsche Bank towers in Frankfurt from 2–4 March 2011. They have since released singles, their 4 Can Keep A Secret If 3 Of Them Are Dead extended-play. After playing at the Flø festival in Norway in June, on 23 September 2010, the cube was transported to the red summer pavilion, designed by Jean Nouvel, when Molly Oldfield brought the group to the Serpentine Galleries, in Hyde Park, London. They were invited by the Serpentine Gallery to play at the Future Contemporaries party, apparatjiks first song to be played on BBC Radio 1 was a radio edit of Datascroller, which aired on 14 June 2010. In November 2010, Magne Furuholmen revealed the promise for a few very exciting things with in 2011 during a BBC Radio 2 interview, Apparatjik launched a new project called agreeneryouniverse on 11 February 2011. This project invites people across the world to plant a tree, make a picture, the first 1,000 people in doing so would receive new music as a gift. A download-only single was released on 28 March 2011 called Combat Disco Music, on 11 November 2011, Apparatjik released their second album, Square Peg In A Round Hole, as a free iPad application. Four days later it was away as a gift as part of the agreeneryouniverse project. Each track in the play features lead vocals by Lowell
Apparatjik
–
The members of Apparatjik as "Cubeheads"
15.
A-ha
–
A-ha is a Norwegian band formed in Oslo in 1982. The band was founded by Morten Harket, Magne Furuholmen and Pål Waaktaar-Savoy, the group rose to fame during the mid-1980s after being discovered by musician and producer John Ratcliff, and continued global success in the 1990s and 2000s. A-ha achieved their biggest success with their album, Hunting High and Low. In the UK, Hunting High and Low continued its success into the following year. In 1994, after their studio album, Memorial Beach, failed to achieve the commercial success of their previous albums. Their ninth album, Foot of the Mountain, was first released on 19 June 2009 and returned the band to the UK top 5 for the first time since 1988, being certified Silver there, the album peaked at number 2 in Norway. On 15 October 2009, the announced they would split after a worldwide tour in 2010. Thousands of fans from at least 40 different countries on six continents congregated to see A-ha for the last leg of the tour, on 4 December 2014, A-ha officially announced its participation at Rock In Rio 2015 which celebrated 30 years for both the band and the event. In 2015, it was announced that A-ha would re-unite for two years and their tenth studio album, Cast in Steel, was released on 4 September 2015. A tour, named for the album, in support of the album happened in autumn 2015, through 2009, the band has sold more than 100 million records worldwide. Another record for the band is for singer Morten Harket, who was listed in the Guinness World Records book in 2001 for the longest live note held and they were trying to think of what to call themselves, focusing on Norwegian words people could say in English. They jettisoned that idea when Morten spotted a song called A-ha in Waaktaars songbook and it was a terrible song but a great name, says Morten. They chose the studio of musician, producer, and soon-to-be-manager John Ratcliff because it had a Space Invaders machine, John Ratcliff introduced them to his manager, Terry Slater, and after a few meetings, A-ha enlisted Ratcliff as a manager as well. Slater and Ratcliff formed TJ Management, Ratcliff dealt with technical and musical aspects, and Slater acted as the groups international business manager and as liaison to Warner Brothers head office in Los Angeles. An early version of Take On Me was the first song that Morten Harket had heard Magne Furuholmen, at that time, the song was called The Juicy Fruit Song, and the two men were still known as Bridges. It was named Lesson One when it was first recorded by A-ha, after some re-writing, multiple re-recordings, and three releases, Take On Me became a hit on both sides of the Atlantic in 1985. The first version of the song, released in 1984, was promoted by a video of the performing the song in front of a blue background. The song was then re-recorded with production by Alan Tarney, and it was then re-released with a new, groundbreaking video which peaked at number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart
A-ha
–
A-ha in concert at Palacio Vistalegre, Madrid, Spain in 2010
A-ha
–
Magne Furuholmen in 2007
A-ha
–
Pål Waaktaar-Savoy live at Cologne, 29 October 2005
A-ha
–
A-ha live at Cologne, 29 October 2005
16.
The Pierces
–
The Pierces are an American Los Angeles-based band consisting of sisters Allison and Catherine Pierce. They are best known for their song Secret, which was used as the song for the hit television show Pretty Little Liars. Allison Margaret Pierce and Catherine Eleanor Pierce were born in Birmingham and they traveled frequently and received home-schooling from their self-described hippie parents. Their father played the guitar in bands, while their mother was a painter. Exposed to music and arts at an age, the Pierce sisters grew up listening to Joni Mitchell. As children, they were encouraged to explore their creative side and would perform at parties, weddings, Allison started dancing at age three, and both sisters are accomplished ballet dancers. It was while they attended Auburn University that a friend sent a tape to a company in Nashville. This eventually resulted in their debut album The Pierces and it featured folk harmonies and adult alternative songs. In a 2004 interview, Allison Pierce commented that the sort of got lost in the shuffle. Allmusic attributes the reception to no label support. On August 10,2005, their second album Light of the Moon was released through Universal, the album was produced by Brian Sperber and featured 11 tracks that the Pierce sisters either wrote or co-wrote. On March 20,2007, their third album Thirteen Tales of Love, produced by Roger Greenawalt, the album has been well-reviewed, particularly for the single Boring, which parodies celebrity socialites. The album has a darker, edgier style, at times using such instruments as an accordion, a calliope, bassoons, a sitar, violins, an autoharp. It marks a change in the direction of the band. In an interview with Rolling Stone, after they were featured as a Rolling Stone Breaking Artist, as a result, they just went for it, had fun. On October 24,2007, The Pierces appeared on the CW television series Gossip Girl, in the episode The Handmaidens Tale, playing their songs Secret and they appeared again in the episode Hi, Society, playing the same two songs. On August 21,2008, Secret by The Pierces appeared in a promo for Showtime show Dexter, in May 2009, Dutch TV channel NET5 used Secret in a promo for their fantasy shows Charmed and Ghost Whisperer. Secret was also played over the credits in the movie ExTerminators
The Pierces
–
The Pierces, Allison (left) and Catherine (right) in 2008
17.
University College London
–
University College London is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It is the largest postgraduate institution in the UK by enrollment and is regarded as one of the worlds leading research universities. UCL also makes the claims of being the third-oldest university in England. In 1836 UCL became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London, which was granted a charter in the same year. UCL has its campus in the Bloomsbury area of central London, with a number of institutes and teaching hospitals elsewhere in central London. UCL is organised into 11 constituent faculties, within there are over 100 departments, institutes. In 2015/16, UCL had around 38,300 students and 12,000 staff and had an income of £1.36 billion. UCL ranks highly in national and international league tables and its graduates rank among the most employable in the world, UCL academics discovered five of the naturally occurring noble gases, co-discovered hormones, invented the vacuum tube, and made several foundational advances in modern statistics. There are at least 29 Nobel Prize winners and 3 Fields medalists amongst UCLs alumni and current, UCL was founded on 11 February 1826 under the name London University, as an alternative to the Anglican universities of Oxford and Cambridge. London Universitys first Warden was Leonard Horner, who was the first scientist to head a British university and this suggests that while his ideas may have been influential, he himself was less so. In 1827, the Chair of Political Economy at London University was created, with John Ramsay McCulloch as the first incumbent, in 1828 the university became the first in England to offer English as a subject and the teaching of Classics and medicine began. In 1830, London University founded the London University School, which would later become University College School, in 1833, the university appointed Alexander Maconochie, Secretary to the Royal Geographical Society, as the first professor of geography in the UK. In 1834, University College Hospital opened as a hospital for the universitys medical school. In 1836, London University was incorporated by charter under the name University College. The Slade School of Fine Art was founded as part of University College in 1871, in 1878, the University of London gained a supplemental charter making it the first British university to be allowed to award degrees to women. The same year, UCL admitted women to the faculties of Arts and Law and of Science, although women remained barred from the faculties of Engineering and of Medicine. Armstrong College, an institution of Newcastle University, also allowed women to enter from its foundation in 1871. Women were finally admitted to medical studies during the First World War in 1917, in 1898, Sir William Ramsay discovered the elements krypton, neon and xenon whilst professor of chemistry at UCL
University College London
–
The London University as drawn by
Thomas Hosmer Shepherd and published in 1827–1828 (now the
UCL Main Building)
University College London
–
Henry Tonks ' 1923 mural The Four Founders of UCL
University College London
–
William Ramsay is regarded as the " father of noble gases ".
University College London
–
The Wilkins Building in 1956
18.
The Bartlett
–
The UCL Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment is the Faculty of the Built Environment of University College London and one of UCLs 11 constituent faculties. University College London created its first chair of architecture in 1841, making The Bartlett the first architecture, the school is named after the original benefactor, Sir Herbert Bartlett. It is particularly known for its architecture and planning schools following the leadership of Sir Peter Cook. The faculty undertakes research in the environment, and is known for developing the space syntax theory. In 2011 the university appointed Frédéric Migayrou as the new Bartlett Professor of Architecture, current professors also include Iain Borden, Mario Carpo, Nat Chard, Adrian Forty, Murray Fraser, Stephen Gage, Christine Hawley, Jonathan Hill, CJ Lim and Jane Rendell. The Director of the School of Architecture is Bob Sheil, Professor of Architecture, the Bartlett School of Architecture courses are validated by the Royal Institute of British Architects. In 2011 Fulong Wu was appointed as Bartlett Professor of Planning, Sir Patrick Geddes, the father of town planning, studied physiology at the College in the late 1870s. The Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis was set up in 1995 by the first Director Michael Batty who is now the Chair, the current Director is Andy Hudson-Smith. The Centre specialises in the application of new technologies to cities and regions and it has introduced a new masters program in smart cities. Professor Julio D. Davila is the current Director of The Bartletts Development Planning Unit having been appointed in August 2012, the DPU focuses on the importance of sustainable and socially just planning and policy in development, particularly in the global south. It originally began as the Department of Tropical Architecture at the Architectural Association in 1954, the DPUs first Director was Professor Otto Königsberger. Subsequent directors are, Professor Colin Rosser, Professor Nigel Harris, Professor Patrick Wakely, Babar Mumtaz, dr. DMaris Coffman is currently Director of the School of Construction & Project Management. Current school professors are Professor Peter Morris, Professor Andrew Davies, Professor Andrew Edkins, Professor Peter Hansford, Professor Jim Meikle, the UCL Institute for Global Prosperity is an interdisciplinary research and teaching institute. Its mission is to rethink what prosperity means for people around the world, looking beyond economic growth, it considers how prosperity can be inclusive and sustainable. The UCL Institute for Digital Innovation in the Built Environment, launched in 2016, the Institute’s work draws together expertise in engineering and computer science with social and behavioural science insight. Professor Tim Broyd is the Institute Director
The Bartlett
The Bartlett
–
UCL Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment
19.
Barman
–
A bartender is a person who formulates and serves alcoholic beverages behind the bar, usually in a licensed establishment. Bartenders also usually maintain the supplies and inventory for the bar, a bartender can generally mix classic cocktails such as a Cosmopolitan, Manhattan, Old Fashioned, and Mojito. The bartending profession was generally a second occupation, used as work for students to gain customer experience or to save money for university fees. This however is changing around the world and bartending has become a profession by choice rather than necessity, in America, where tipping is a local custom, bartenders depend on tips for most of their income. Bartenders are also responsible for confirming that customers meet the legal drinking age requirements before serving them alcoholic beverages. In certain countries, such as the United Kingdom and Sweden, as such, it lacks traditional employment protections and therefore has a high turnover. The high turnover of staff due to low wages and poor employee benefits results in a shortage of skilled bartenders, some pubs prefer experienced staff, although pub chains tend to accept inexperienced staff and provide training. Tipping bartenders in the United Kingdom is not considered mandatory but is appreciated by the bartender. Bartenders may attend special schools or learn while on the job, Bartenders in the United States may work in a large variety of bars. These include hotel bars, restaurant bars, sports bars, gay bars, piano bars, also growing in popularity is the portable bar, which can be moved to different venues and special events. Bar-back, a bartenders assistant Hospitality List of bartenders List of public house topics List of restaurant terminology Tavern Media related to Bartenders at Wikimedia Commons
Barman
–
A bartender pouring some
vodka in to the metal cup of a
cocktail shaker
Barman
–
A bartender making a classic cocktail
Barman
Barman
20.
Twisted Logic Tour
–
The Twisted Logic Tour was a global concert tour by British alternative rock band Coldplay in support of their third studio album, X&Y. The year-long tour took the band across Europe and their native United Kingdom, as well as to the United States, in the beginning of 2007, a final leg in Latin America concluded the tour entirely in March, after about a dozen shows. Pollstar reported that the 2005 North American leg grossed an estimated $24.1 million, the second leg of the North American tour ended 6 April 2006 at the Wachovia Center in Philadelphia. This is Coldplays first tour not named after the album it was promoting, the Twisted Logic Tour is noted for its use of extravagant stage effects. Strobe lights and other fixtures were used to create a light show. Other concert highlights include, A digital countdown display shown on the video screen during the song Square One as the band enter the stage. The timer reaches zero at the songs explosive first chorus, followed by the crowd getting showered by red, green, confetti, and yellow balloons filled with gold glitter showered on the audience during the song Yellow. During Coachella 2005 Martin sang the outro to The Scientist backwards, during much of the tour, the entire track was played backwards live, after the band had finished playing it regularly. The Charles and Ray Eames video Powers of Ten played in the background, Martin running into the crowd during In My Place to sing with the audience. Band members taking photographs before and during the show with disposable cameras before throwing them into the crowd and this was bassist Guy Berrymans idea, and was usually done during the reverse playing of The Scientist. Talk also featured Martin taking an audience members phone and singing to the person on the other end. Martin swinging a suspended lightbulb above his head after the chorus of Fix You, followed, in outdoor shows. A laser light show during Clocks, with red lasers shooting out in different directions and these were reintroduced during the second North American leg of the tour. A handwritten list of songs being projected toward the stage during Swallowed in the Sea and this is presumably an early tracklist of songs during production of X&Y. The band gradually increasing the tempo of Clocks at the end of its regular performance, during the Australian leg of the tour, the band made several references to the Socceroos in the 2006 FIFA World Cup by altering lyrics of the songs. At some concerts in Germany, Chris Martin asked the audience in German Wo geht es zum Bahnhof and this may be a reference to the U2 song Zoo Station. During performances of White Shadows, thermal black and white imagery of the band performing appeared on the big screen. This was obviously done in homage of the title, as these kind of images can produce white shadows of heat producing sources
Twisted Logic Tour
–
"Yellow" being performed at the
Air Canada Centre, 2006
Twisted Logic Tour
–
Twisted Logic Tour
21.
The Sun (United Kingdom)
–
The Sun is a tabloid published in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Since The Sun on Sunday was launched in February 2012, the paper has been a seven-day operation, as a broadsheet, it was founded in 1964 as a successor to the Daily Herald, it became a tabloid in 1969 after it was purchased by its current owners. It is published by the News Group Newspapers division of News UK, the Sun had the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, but in late 2013 slipped to second largest Saturday newspaper behind the Daily Mail. It had a daily circulation of 2.2 million copies in March 2014. Approximately 41% of readers are women and 59% are men, the Sun has been involved in many controversies in its history, including its coverage of the 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster. Regional editions of the newspaper for Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland are published in Glasgow, Belfast, on 26 February 2012, The Sun on Sunday was launched to replace the closed News of the World, employing some of its former journalists. Roy Greenslade issued some caveats over the May 2015 figures, the Sun was first published as a broadsheet on 15 September 1964, with a logo featuring a glowing orange disc. It was launched by owners IPC to replace the failing Daily Herald, the new paper was intended to add a readership of social radicals to the Heralds political radicals. Supposedly there was an immense, sophisticated and superior class, hitherto undetected and yearning for its own newspaper. As delusions go, this was in the El Dorado class, launched with an advertising budget of £400,000, the brash new paper burst forth with tremendous energy, according to The Times. Its initial print run of 3.5 million was attributed to curiosity and the advantage of novelty, by 1969, according to Hugh Cudlipp, The Sun was losing about £2m a year and had a circulation of 800,000. Seizing the opportunity to increase his presence on Fleet Street, he made an agreement with the print unions and he assured IPC that he would publish a straightforward, honest newspaper which would continue to support Labour. IPC, under pressure from the unions, rejected Maxwells offer and he would later remark, I am constantly amazed at the ease with which I entered British newspapers. Murdoch found he had such a rapport with Larry Lamb over lunch that other potential recruits as editor were not interviewed, Lamb wanted Bernard Shrimsley to be his deputy, which Murdoch accepted as Shrimsley had been the second name on his list of preferences. Lamb hastily recruited a staff of about 125 reporters, who were selected for their availability rather than their ability. This was about a quarter of what the Mirror then employed, Murdoch immediately relaunched The Sun as a tabloid, and ran it as a sister paper to the News of the World. The Sun used the printing presses, and the two papers were managed together at senior executive levels. The new tabloid Sun was first published on 17 November 1969, with a front page headlined HORSE DOPE SENSATION, an editorial on page 2 announced, Todays Sun is a new newspaper
The Sun (United Kingdom)
–
Front page of The Sun, October 2013, which was criticised by
Mind and
Rethink Mental Illness, two mental health charities
The Sun (United Kingdom)
–
"Freddie Starr Ate My Hamster", 13 March 1986
The Sun (United Kingdom)
–
The Sun 's front page on 19 April 1989. The allegations were later proven to be entirely false, with the Sun later admitting their decision to publish the allegations was the "blackest day in this newspaper's history."
The Sun (United Kingdom)
–
Poster urging the Liverpool public not to purchase The Sun.
22.
Kirkcaldy
–
Kirkcaldy is a town and former royal burgh in Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. It is about 11.6 miles north of Edinburgh and 27.6 miles south-southwest of Dundee, the town had a population of 49,460, which was recorded in 2011, making it Fifes second-largest settlement and the 11th most populous settlement in Scotland. Kirkcaldy has long been nicknamed the Lang Toun in reference to the early towns 0. 9-mile main street, as indicated on maps of the 16th and 17th centuries. The street later reached a length of nearly 4 miles, connecting the burgh to the settlements of Linktown, Pathhead, Sinclairtown and Gallatown. The formerly separate burgh of Dysart was merged into Kirkcaldy in 1930, the area around Kirkcaldy has been inhabited since the Bronze Age. The first document to refer to the town was in 1075, David I later gave the burgh to Dunfermline Abbey, which had succeeded the church, a status which was officially recognised by Robert I in 1327. The town only gained its independence from Abbey rule when it was created a burgh by Charles I in 1644. From the early 16th century, the establishment of a harbour at the East Burn confirmed the early role as an important trading port. The town also began to develop around the salt, coal mining, the production of linen which followed in 1672 was later instrumental in the introduction of floorcloth in 1847 by linen manufacturer, Michael Nairn. In 1877 this in turn contributed to linoleum, which became the towns most successful industry, the town expanded considerably in the 1950s and 1960s, though the decline of the linoleum industry and other manufacturing restricted its growth thereafter. The town is a service centre for the central Fife area. It has a pool, theatre, museum and art gallery. Kirkcaldy is also known as the birthplace of philosopher and economist Adam Smith. In the early 21st century, employment is dominated by the service sector, other main employers include NHS Fife, Forbo-flooring, Fife College and R Hutchison Ltd. The name Kirkcaldy means place of the fort or place of Caleds fort. It is derived from the Pictish caer meaning fort, caled, which is Pictish hard or a name, and -in. Caled may describe the fort itself or be an epithet for a local hard ruler, an interpretation of the last element as din rather than -n is incorrect. The Old Statistical Account gives a derivation from culdee, which has been repeated in later publications, the discovery of 11 Bronze Age cist burials which date from 2500 BC and 500 BC suggests that this is the most ancient funerary site in the area
Kirkcaldy
–
Aerial view of Kirkcaldy and it's waterfront
Kirkcaldy
Kirkcaldy
–
Remains of the common muir now known as Volunteers' Green
Kirkcaldy
–
Kirkcaldy Town House
23.
The Edinburgh Academy
–
The Edinburgh Academy is an independent school which was opened in 1824. The original building, in Henderson Row on the fringe of the New Town of Edinburgh. The Junior School is located on Arboretum Road to the north of the citys Royal Botanic Garden, the Edinburgh Academy was originally a day and boarding school for boys. It ceased boarding and transitioned to co-education in 2008 and is now a coeducational day school. The nursery, housed in a 2008 purpose built block on the Junior campus, the Junior School admits children from age 6 to 10 whilst the Senior School takes pupils from age 10 to 18. In 1822, the founders, Henry Cockburn and Leonard Horner agreed that Edinburgh required a new school to promote classical learning. Edinburghs Royal High School provided an education, but the founders felt that greater provision was needed for the teaching of Greek. Cockburn and Horner recruited John Russell as a co-founder and the three of them, together with other interested parties, put a proposal to the City Council for the building of a new school. The City Fathers gave their approval in 1823 and fifteen Directors were elected, the main building of the Senior School, with its Greek Doric frontage, was designed by architect William Burn. The stone used was principally from the nearby Craigleith Quarry, the Foundation Stone was laid in June 1823 and the school opened for the first session in October 1824. In 1892, new classrooms were built along the wall of the site, and in 1900. At the back of the school the Dining Hall, and the Rifle Range beneath it, was opened in 1912 and after World War I and this was dedicated as a War Memorial to Edinburgh Academicals who had fallen during the hostilities of 1914 to 1918. The memorial was by Pilkington Jackson, a later plaque commemorates ex-pupils who fell in the Second World War. In 1945, a new building, Denham Green House, was acquired in the Trinity area of Edinburgh and this was used for the junior department of the Preparatory School. In 1960, a new building for the three years of the Preparatory School was completed in Inverleith. Denham Greens nursery and early years facilities were relocated to purpose built accommodation on the Preparatory schools Arboretum campus in 1987, in 1992, the Rectors residence, Academy House and in 1997, a new Games Hall were constructed on the same campus. The latter was funded by money from The Lottery and Sports Council and is for the use not only of pupils in both parts of the school but also of the community in the area. A new computing and music building was completed at the Junior School in 2005 and a new nursery and after school facility in 2008
The Edinburgh Academy
–
The Edinburgh Academy
The Edinburgh Academy
–
The Edinburgh Academy main building and playground, photographed in 1981
The Edinburgh Academy
–
Donaldsons
The Edinburgh Academy
–
Saturday morning cricket
24.
Edinburgh
–
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 local government council areas. Located in Lothian on the Firth of Forths southern shore, it is Scotlands second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The 2014 official population estimates are 464,990 for the city of Edinburgh,492,680 for the authority area. Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is home to the Scottish Parliament and it is the largest financial centre in the UK after London. Historically part of Midlothian, the city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of medicine, Scots law, literature, the sciences and engineering. The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city, was placed 17th in the QS World University Rankings in 2013 and 2014. The city is famous for the Edinburgh International Festival and the Fringe. The citys historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdoms second most popular tourist destination after London, attracting over one million overseas visitors each year. Historic sites in Edinburgh include Edinburgh Castle, Holyrood Palace, the churches of St. Giles, Greyfriars and the Canongate, Edinburghs Old Town and New Town together are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which has been managed by Edinburgh World Heritage since 1999. It appears to derive from the place name Eidyn mentioned in the Old Welsh epic poem Y Gododdin, the poem names Din Eidyn as a hill fort in the territory of the Gododdin. The Celtic element din was dropped and replaced by the Old English burh, the first documentary evidence of the medieval burgh is a royal charter, c. 1124–1127, by King David I granting a toft in burgo meo de Edenesburg to the Priory of Dunfermline. In modern Gaelic, the city is called Dùn Èideann, the earliest known human habitation in the Edinburgh area was at Cramond, where evidence was found of a Mesolithic camp site dated to c.8500 BC. Traces of later Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements have found on Castle Rock, Arthurs Seat, Craiglockhart Hill. When the Romans arrived in Lothian at the end of the 1st century AD, at some point before the 7th century AD, the Gododdin, who were presumably descendants of the Votadini, built the hill fort of Din Eidyn or Etin. Although its location has not been identified, it likely they would have chosen a commanding position like the Castle Rock, Arthurs Seat. In 638, the Gododdin stronghold was besieged by forces loyal to King Oswald of Northumbria and it thenceforth remained under their jurisdiction. The royal burgh was founded by King David I in the early 12th century on land belonging to the Crown, in 1638, King Charles Is attempt to introduce Anglican church forms in Scotland encountered stiff Presbyterian opposition culminating in the conflicts of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. In the 17th century, Edinburghs boundaries were defined by the citys defensive town walls
Edinburgh
–
Clockwise from top-left: View from
Calton Hill,
Old College,
Old Town from Princes Street,
Edinburgh Castle,
Princes Street from Calton Hill
Edinburgh
–
Edinburgh, showing Arthur's Seat, one of the earliest known sites of human habitation in the area
Edinburgh
–
Edinburgh in the 17th century
Edinburgh
–
A painting showing Edinburgh characters (based on
John Kay 's caricatures) behind
St Giles' Cathedral in the late 18th century
25.
Kent College
–
Kent College, Canterbury is a co-educational independent school for boarding and day pupils between the ages of 3 and 18. It was founded in 1885, and is a member of the Headmasters, originally established as a boys public school, it took girls into the sixth form in 1973, and since 1975 it has been fully co-educational. These are adjacent to Blean Forest, which is the largest area of ancient woodland in Kent, and is recognised on a British and international level for its importance as a wildlife conservation area. Its junior school, is located about a mile away, and provides day school education for boys, Kent College Dubai is a secondary campus of the Canterbury school and will be built in Meydan City. The college is due to open in September 2016 and began enrolling students in January 2016, the school was founded in 1885 as the Wesleyan College, Canterbury. In 1920 Kent College was acquired by the Board of Management for Methodist Residential Schools, buildings forming a quadrangle were subsequently erected to the rear of the main building and the chapel. An increase in the number of pupils through the century, attributable in part to the admittance of girls, necessitated the construction of, among other buildings. The stained-glass windows in the chapel depict things incorporated in the schools badge, Prickett Building, So named after the Head Master, John Prickett. The building was used for the Kent College Junior School and it is recorded in the Kent College Centenary Book that during the construction of the Prickett Building, difficulties arose because of the presence of an underground spring. Centenary Building, The foundation stone of the Centenary Building was laid by John Prickett, the building contained the school Library until the Library was relocated in 2005 to the first floor of the Main Building, the Music Department occupies the Centenary Building today. Wesley House, So named to recall the ethos of Kent College, Norfolk Building, So named after the Head Master, David Norfolk, who opened the building. Guilford House, So named for the Earl of Guilford, the Countess of Guilford opened the boys boarding house on Speech Day in 1964, Moat House, Moat House was acquired as part of the Moat Estate. Before Kent College acquired the house it had rented for convalescence by Virginia Woolf. The decay of centuries had sealed them, no human force can now shut them. Thus we sit exposed to wind and wet by day and by night we are invaded by flocks of white moths. The rain falls, and the birds never give over singing, and hot sulphur fumes rise from the valleys, the house was used as the Head Masters residence until the late 1970s, when it was sold by the school to finance the construction of Wesley House. 125 years, In February 2010, Kent College marked its quasquicentennial with a service in Canterbury Cathedral, dr David Lamper was joined by three former Head Masters, Roger Wicks, Edward Halse and Gino Carminati. It also acts as an area of study for those in the upper sixth form
Kent College
–
Kent College, July 1888
Kent College
26.
Canterbury
–
Canterbury is a historic English cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour, a journey of pilgrims to Beckets shrine served as the frame for Geoffrey Chaucers 14th century classic The Canterbury Tales. Canterbury is a popular tourist destination, consistently one of the cities in the United Kingdom. The city has been occupied since Paleolithic times and served as the capital of the Celtic Cantiaci, modern additions include the Marlowe Theatre and the St Lawrence Ground, home of the Kent County Cricket Club. Canterbury remains, however, a city in terms of geographical size and population. In Sub-Roman Britain, it was known in Old Welsh as Cair Ceint, occupied by the Jutes, it became known in Old English as Cantwareburh, which developed into its present name. The Canterbury area has been inhabited since prehistoric times, lower Paleolithic axes, and Neolithic and Bronze Age pots have been found in the area. Canterbury was first recorded as the settlement of the Celtic tribe of the Cantiaci. In the 1st century AD, the Romans captured the settlement, the Romans rebuilt the city, with new streets in a grid pattern, a theatre, a temple, a forum, and public baths. In the late 3rd century, to defend against attack from barbarians, the Romans built an earth bank around the city and a wall with seven gates, which enclosed an area of 130 acres. Over the next 100 years, an Anglo-Saxon community formed within the city walls, as Jutish refugees arrived, in 597, Pope Gregory the Great sent Augustine to convert its King Æthelberht to Christianity. After the conversion, Canterbury, being a Roman town, was chosen by Augustine as the centre for his see in Kent. Augustine thus became the first Archbishop of Canterbury, the towns new importance led to its revival, and trades developed in pottery, textiles, and leather. By 630, gold coins were being struck at the Canterbury mint, in 672, the Synod of Hertford gave the see of Canterbury authority over the entire English Church. In 842 and 851, Canterbury suffered great loss of life during Danish raids, in 978, Archbishop Dunstan refounded the abbey built by Augustine, and named it St Augustines Abbey. A second wave of Danish attacks began in 991, and in 1011 the cathedral was burnt, remembering the destruction caused by the Danes, the inhabitants of Canterbury did not resist William the Conquerors invasion in 1066. William immediately ordered a wooden motte-and-bailey castle to be built by the Roman city wall, in the early 12th century, the castle was rebuilt with stone. After the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket at the cathedral in 1170, Canterbury became one of the most notable towns in Europe and this pilgrimage provided the framework for Geoffrey Chaucers 14th-century collection of stories, The Canterbury Tales
Canterbury
–
Canterbury lies on the
Great Stour river
Canterbury
–
Canterbury Cathedral
Canterbury
–
St. Augustine's Abbey, which forms part of the city's UNESCO World Heritage Site, was where Christianity was brought to England.
Canterbury
–
St. Augustine's Abbey gateway
27.
City of Westminster
–
The City of Westminster is an Inner London borough which also holds city status. It occupies much of the area of Greater London including most of the West End. It is to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and it was created with the 1965 establishment of Greater London. Upon creation, Westminster was awarded city status, which had previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of parks and open spaces, the population density of the district is high. Many sites commonly associated with London are in the borough, including St. Jamess Palace, Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, much of the borough is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council, the current Westminster coat of arms were given to the city by an official grant on September 2,1964. Westminster had other arms before, which had an identical to the chief in the present arms. The symbols in the two thirds of the shield stand for former municipalities now merged with the city, Paddington. The original arms had a portcullis as the charge, which now forms the crest. The origins of the City of Westminster pre-date the Norman Conquest of England, in the mid-11th Century king Edward the Confessor began the construction of an abbey at Westminster, only the foundations of which survive today. For centuries Westminster and the City of London were geographically quite distinct, Westminster briefly became a city in 1540 when Henry VIII created the short-lived Diocese of Westminster. Following the dissolution of Westminster Abbey, a court of burgesses was formed in 1585 to govern the Westminster area, Jamess, Strand, Westminster, Pimlico, Belgravia, and Hyde Park. The Westminster Metropolitan Borough was itself the result of an amalgamation which took place in 1900. Sir John Hunt O. B. E was the First Town Clerk of the City of Westminster, the boundaries of the City of Westminster today, as well as those of the other London boroughs, have remained more or less unchanged since the Act of 1963. On 22 March 2017, a terrorist attack took place on Westminster Bridge, Bridge Street and Old Palace Yard, five people - three pedestrians, one police officer, and the attacker - died as a result of the incident. More than 50 people were injured, an investigation is ongoing by the Metropolitan Police. The city is divided into 20 wards, each electing three councillors, Westminster City Council is currently composed of 44 Conservative Party members and 16 Labour Party members
City of Westminster
–
Coat of arms of the City of Westminster at Westminster City Hall
City of Westminster
–
BP head office in
St. James's, City of Westminster
City of Westminster
–
The Economist Building, St James's Street
City of Westminster
–
Piccadilly Circus
28.
Raith Rovers F.C.
–
Raith Rovers Football Club is a Scottish professional football club based in the town of Kirkcaldy, Fife. The clubs highest ever league position came in 1922, when it finished third behind champions Celtic, the club also came runners-up in 1949 as well as being losing finalists in the 1913 Scottish Cup Final. As a result of winning the League Cup in 1994, Raith Rovers qualified for the UEFA Cup the following season, the club managed to reach the second round, only to be defeated 4–1 on aggregate to eventual champions FC Bayern Munich. Raiths home ground is Starks Park, an 8,867 all-seater stadium in the south of Kirkcaldy, the club has been based at the ground since 1891. The modern Raith Rovers were founded in 1883 in the Scottish town of Kirkcaldy, there had been a much earlier Raith Rovers which merged with what is now Cowdenbeath in 1882. Although it lends its name to many entities in the region, a Raith Rovers victory in the 1960s led to a famous BBC commentators blunder that the fans would be dancing in the streets of Raith tonight. Although commonly attributed to Englishman David Coleman, this was said by Scotsman Sam Leitch. Raith as an area once stretched from south of Loch Gelly as far as Kirkcaldy, a mixture of local success and ambition took the club into the senior leagues where they established themselves and thereby became the pre-eminent team in the town. The team subsequently moved to their current home of Starks Park named after, after two consecutive successful seasons in 2nd Division, the club elected to join the 1st Division in 1909–10. Three years later, the made their first appearance in the Scottish Cup Final losing 2–0 to Falkirk. In 1921 an innovation in training, previously unknown to the Scottish game, was introduced by directors following a visit to England, the use of a ball in training. As noted in the Fife Free Press, Hitherto, ball practice has been an absentee from the curriculum on the grounds that being away from the ball for a week imparted eagerness on the Saturday. This heralded an era of success, the club had its highest ever league finish in the Scottish top division, when they came third to the Old Firm in 1921–22. This was followed by the incident where the players were shipwrecked in 1923. The team had been en route to play matches on the Canary Islands when the boat ran aground. Fortunately, the players were able to disembark and continue on their way a few days later. The forward line of Glen, Gilmour, Norrie Haywood, Whitelaw, around this time, a then record crowd of 25,500 filled Starks Park on a Wednesday afternoon for a Scottish Cup quarter-final replay against East Fife. East Fife won 3–2 and went on to become the only 2nd Division club to win the Scottish Cup until Hibs matched the feat in 2016
Raith Rovers F.C.
–
Stark's Park, home of Raith Rovers
Raith Rovers F.C.
–
Raith Rovers
29.
Motown
–
Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy, Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12,1958, the name, a portmanteau of motor and town, has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a record company,79 records in the Top Ten of the Billboard Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. The company was sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records successor, Universal Music Group, Motown spent much of the 2000s as a part of the Universal Music subsidiaries Universal Motown and Universal Motown Republic Group, and headquartered in New York City. From 2011 to 2014, Motown was a part of The Island Def Jam Music Group division of Universal Music. On April 1,2014, Universal Music Group announced the dissolution of Island Def Jam and it now operates out of the landmark Capitol Tower. For many decades, Motown was the highest-earning African American business in the United States, Berry Gordy got his start as a songwriter for local Detroit acts such as Jackie Wilson and the Matadors. Wilsons single Lonely Teardrops, written by Gordy, became a huge success and he realized that the more lucrative end of the business was in producing records and owning the publishing. In 1959, Billy Davis and Berry Gordys sisters Gwen and Anna started Anna Records, Davis and Gwen Gordy wanted Berry to be the company president, but Berry wanted to strike out on his own. On January 12,1959, he started Tamla Records, with a loan from his family. Gordy originally wanted to name the label Tammy Records, after the hit song popularized by Debbie Reynolds from the 1957 film Tammy, when he found the name was already in use, Berry decided on Tamla instead. Tamlas first release, in the Detroit area, was Marv Johnsons Come to Me in 1959 and its first hit was Barrett Strongs Money, which made it to number 2 on the Billboard R&B charts. Gordys first signed act was the Matadors, who changed their name to the Miracles. Their first release, Got a Job, was a record to the Silhouettes Get a Job. The Miracles first, minor hit was their single, 1959s Bad Girl, released in Detroit as the debut record on the Motown imprint
Motown
–
The
Hitsville U.S.A. Motown building at 2648 West Grand Boulevard in Detroit served as Motown's headquarters from 1959 until 1968, and became the Motown Historical Museum in 1985.
Motown
–
Motown
Motown
–
Berry Gordy House, known as Motown Mansion in
Detroit 's
Boston-Edison Historic District
30.
Stax Records
–
Stax Records is an American record label, originally based in Memphis, Tennessee. Founded in 1957 as Satellite Records, the changed its name to Stax Records in 1961. It was a factor in the creation of Southern soul. Stax also released gospel, funk, jazz, and blues recordings, while renowned for its output of African-American music, the label was founded by two white siblings and business partners, Jim Stewart and his sister Estelle Axton. It featured several popular ethnically integrated bands and an integrated team of staff and artists unprecedented in that time of racial strife and tension in Memphis. Over the next five years, Bell expanded the labels operations significantly, in order to compete with Staxs main rival, Motown Records in Detroit. During the mid-1970s, a number of factors, including a distribution deal with CBS Records, caused the label to slide into insolvency. In 1977, Fantasy Records acquired the post-1968 Stax catalogue and selected pre-1968 recordings, beginning in 1978, Stax began signing new acts and issuing new material, as well as reissuing previously recorded Stax material. However, by the early 1980s no new material was being issued on the label, after Concord Records acquired Fantasy in 2004, the Stax label was reactivated, and is today used to issue both the 1968–1975 catalog material and new recordings by current R&B and soul performers. Atlantic Records continues to hold the rights to the vast majority of the 1959–1968 Stax material, Stax Records, originally named Satellite Records, was founded in Memphis in 1957 by Jim Stewart, initially operating in a garage. Satellites early releases were country music, rockabilly records or straight pop numbers, in 1958, Stewarts sister Estelle Axton began her financial interest in the company. Taking a considerable risk, she mortgaged her family home to invest $2500 in the company. The company set up a recording studio in Brunswick, Tennessee. Around this time, Stewart was introduced to rhythm and blues music by staff producer Chips Moman. In the summer of year, Satellite released its first record by a rhythm and blues act, Fool in Love, by the Veltones. However, Satellite remained primarily a country and pop label for the year or so. While promoting Fool in Love, Stewart met with Memphis disc jockey and R&B singer Rufus Thomas and it went on to sell between thirty and forty thousand copies, becoming Satellites biggest hit to that time. With the success of Cause I Love You, Stewart made a deal giving Atlantic first choice on releasing Satellite recordings
Stax Records
–
Stax Records
Stax Records
–
Hip Hug-Her by Booker T. & the MG's (1967), showing the two different Atlantic era Stax logos
Stax Records
–
The
Stax Museum on McLemore Avenue in Memphis, founded in 2003, is a replica of the Stax studio, built on the same site where many of the historic Stax recording sessions took place. The original Stax studio was demolished in 1989.
.jpg)
