Division of New England
The Division of New England is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. The division is located in the north-east of adjoining the border with Queensland; the division was proclaimed in 1900, was one of the original 65 divisions to be contested at the first federal election. It is named after the New England region in northern New South Wales; the 66,394 km² division covers a rural area, with agriculture the main industry. From south to north it includes the regional population centres of Scone, Armidale, Glen Innes and Tenterfield; the member since the 2013 federal election has been Barnaby Joyce, who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Australia and leader of the National Party from 2016 to 2018. Amid the 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis, the seat was declared vacant on 27 October 2017 by the High Court of Australia arising from Joyce's dual citizenship. Joyce had renounced his dual citizenship effective from August in order to become a sole citizen of Australia and was thus eligible to run for federal parliament.
Joyce regained the seat at a by-election on 2 December. From 1922 to 2001, New England was regarded as a comfortably safe seat for the Country Party known as the National Party. Only one Labor candidate has won the seat – Francis Foster at the 1906 election and again at the 1910 election, both times on small margins. From 2001 until his retirement in 2013, the seat was represented by independent Tony Windsor. Former Queensland Senator Barnaby Joyce has represented the seat for the National Party since; the seat's best-known member was Ian Sinclair, leader of the National Party from 1984 to 1989, a minister in the Menzies, Gorton, McMahon and Fraser governments and Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives for a few months in 1998. Under the original redistribution proposal in 2015, the Australian Electoral Commission announced it intended to abolish Hunter. Electors in the north of Hunter would have joined New England. However, the Commission opted for a less radical proposal that saw Charlton abolished, Hunter pushed eastward to absorb most of Charlton's territory, New England absorbing a few small areas in Hunter's north.
Due to changing populations, overall New South Wales lost a seat while Western Australia gained a seat. Division of New England - Australian Electoral Commission
New England (New South Wales)
New England or New England North West is the name given to a undefined region in the north of the state of New South Wales, Australia about 60 kilometres inland, that includes the Northern Tablelands and the North West Slopes regions. The region has been occupied by Indigenous Australians for thousands of years, notably in the west by the Kamilaroi people. In the highlands, the original languages, which are now extinct, were Anaiwan to the south of Guyra and Ngarrabal and Marabal to the north of Guyra; the first European to explore the New England area was English explorer John Oxley, who crossed the southern part of the New England Range near the Apsley Falls before he discovered and named Port Macquarie in 1818. In 1827 Allan Cunningham travelled north along the western edge of the Range until he reached the Darling Downs in Queensland. In 1831 Thomas Mitchell reached Wallamoul Station near Tamworth and explored to the Namoi River followed it to Narrabri. Moving on, Mitchell found a deep, broad river, the Gwydir.
In 1832, Mitchell cut across the plains to the Gwydir River near Moree. The team spent several weeks charting the tributaries between the Gwydir and the Barwon Rivers. Hamilton Collins Sempill was the first settler in the New England area when he took up the'Wolka' run in 1832, establishing slab huts where'Langford' now stands close to Walcha. During the 1830s further squatters moved their sheep flocks onto the Northern Tablelands as they had been displaced by the Australian Agricultural Company, which dominated resources in the Hunter Valley; when the area was opened up for settlement in the 1830s, this led to the gazetting of nine pastoral districts. These districts had a Commissioner of Crown Lands. Australian red cedar cutters moved into the headwaters of the Macleay River in the early 1830s to harvest the valuable trees; the ranges between Kempsey and Glen Innes yielded about 300,000 board feet in 1950. Work commenced in 1838 with the use of convicts to build a road known as Major's Line, across the Great Dividing Range to link the wool-growing settlement of Walcha with Port Macquarie.
This road was named the Oxley Highway. On 22 May 1839 the New England District was gazetted thus: New England District: Bounded on the east by a line north by compass from the top of Werrikimber Mountain, at the head of the Hastings River. In 1840 there were 66 separate pastoral licences, in 1842 it rose to 98, 1845 – 116. Only 10 new runs were registered between 1848 and 1855. In 1843 the Darling Downs district was separated from the New England; this region ceased to be a statistical division after 1874, but the counties of Arrawatta, Clive, Hardinge, Hawes and Vernon approximated the region’s limits. In 1847 these counties, with the exception of Hawes and Vernon formed part of the "Unsettled District" of the colony. By 1850 all major communication routes had been forged, with little government assistance. During the 1860s the famous bushranger, Captain Thunderbolt, robbed properties, mail coaches and hotels throughout the region. Thunderbolt was shot dead in May 1870 near Uralla; the population of the New England Region, including the slopes in 1957 was 143,788 and in 1971 there were 164,128 people, according to the census data.
In the 2006 census the New England region had a population of 180,000 which included the local government areas of Armidale Dumaresq, Walcha, Glen Innes Severn, Guyra, Liverpool Plains, Moree Plains, Tamworth Regional and Uralla. Gold was discovered in 1851 at Rocky River two kilometres west of Uralla and started a rush to the area. Gold was found at Hanging Rock and nearby Swamp Creek in 1852. In the early 1850s some alluvial gold was found at Mulla Rywung on Swamp Oak Creek. In 1852 the first licenses to prospect were taken out. In the late 19th century several gold and antimony mines were established at places such as Halls Peak and Hillgrove, as well as two ambitious hydro-electric schemes to power them, the remains of which can be seen today along the Styx River and at Gara Gorge; the first gold mining was recorded at Tia in 1866 and in 1873 a reef was discovered at McLeod’s Creek, near Walcha. The discovery of the Torrington Tin Lode was made in 1881 but the small prospectors soon lost control to overseas mining companies.
Tin and arsenic were mined from the 1880s near Emmaville. Copper was discovered at Gulf Creek, near Barraba, in 1889 and the first mine was established there in 1892. At its peak, in 1901, the copper mine was one of the largest in the state. Asbestos was first mined at Woodsreef near Barraba, from 1919 to the 1980s. Mining had a major influence on the rise and fall of other towns and villages such as, Bear Hill, Emmaville, Nundle, Stannifer and Torrington. Construction of the Northern Tablelands railway service commenced in the 1870s and the Main North railway line reached Werris Creek and west Tamworth in 1878, Armidale in 1883 and Wallangarra on the Queensland border in 1888; the Main North railway line is now closed north of Armidale. The Mungindi railway line from Werris Creek to Gunnedah opened in 1879, Narrabri in 1884 and Moree in 1897, Mungindi in 1914; the line is truncated to Weemelah between Moree and Mungindi. The line between Werris Creek and Moree is known as the North-West line. A branch line was
Electoral district of Tamworth
Tamworth is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Kevin Anderson of the National Party. Tamworth was held by independent member Tony Windsor between 1991 and 2001 when he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Member for New England. Tamworth covers the entirety of Tamworth Regional Council, Gunnedah Shire, Walcha Shire and a small part of Liverpool Plains Shire around Werris Creek. Tamworth was created in 1880 and it elected two members between 1891 and 1894. In 1894, with the abolition of multi-member electorates, new electorates were established such as Quirindi and Uralla-Walcha, Tamworth became a single-member electorate. Proportional representation was introduced in 1920 and Tamworth, along with Gwydir, was absorbed into Namoi. In 1927 single-member electorates were re-established, including Tamworth. "Tamworth". New South Wales Electoral Commission. Retrieved 2011-09-28
Australia
Australia the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area; the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea and East Timor to the north. The population of 25 million is urbanised and concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Australia's capital is Canberra, its largest city is Sydney; the country's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne, Brisbane and Adelaide. Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians for about 60,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, it is documented. After the European exploration of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606, who named it New Holland, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788, a date which became Australia's national day; the population grew in subsequent decades, by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established.
On 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated. Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy, comprising six states and ten territories. Being the oldest and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils, Australia has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres. A megadiverse country, its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes, with deserts in the centre, tropical rainforests in the north-east and mountain ranges in the south-east. A gold rush began in Australia in the early 1850s, its population density, 2.8 inhabitants per square kilometre, remains among the lowest in the world. Australia generates its income from various sources including mining-related exports, telecommunications and manufacturing. Indigenous Australian rock art is the oldest and richest in the world, dating as far back as 60,000 years and spread across hundreds of thousands of sites. Australia is a developed country, with the world's 14th-largest economy.
It has a high-income economy, with the world's tenth-highest per capita income. It is a regional power, has the world's 13th-highest military expenditure. Australia has the world's ninth-largest immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 26% of the population. Having the third-highest human development index and the eighth-highest ranked democracy globally, the country ranks in quality of life, education, economic freedom, civil liberties and political rights, with all its major cities faring well in global comparative livability surveys. Australia is a member of the United Nations, G20, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Pacific Islands Forum and the ASEAN Plus Six mechanism; the name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis, a name used for a hypothetical continent in the Southern Hemisphere since ancient times. When Europeans first began visiting and mapping Australia in the 17th century, the name Terra Australis was applied to the new territories.
Until the early 19th century, Australia was best known as "New Holland", a name first applied by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1644 and subsequently anglicised. Terra Australis still saw occasional usage, such as in scientific texts; the name Australia was popularised by the explorer Matthew Flinders, who said it was "more agreeable to the ear, an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the earth". The first time that Australia appears to have been used was in April 1817, when Governor Lachlan Macquarie acknowledged the receipt of Flinders' charts of Australia from Lord Bathurst. In December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office. In 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known by that name; the first official published use of the new name came with the publication in 1830 of The Australia Directory by the Hydrographic Office. Colloquial names for Australia include "Oz" and "the Land Down Under". Other epithets include "the Great Southern Land", "the Lucky Country", "the Sunburnt Country", "the Wide Brown Land".
The latter two both derive from Dorothea Mackellar's 1908 poem "My Country". Human habitation of the Australian continent is estimated to have begun around 65,000 to 70,000 years ago, with the migration of people by land bridges and short sea-crossings from what is now Southeast Asia; these first inhabitants were the ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. Aboriginal Australian culture is one of the oldest continual civilisations on earth. At the time of first European contact, most Indigenous Australians were hunter-gatherers with complex economies and societies. Recent archaeological finds suggest. Indigenous Australians have an oral culture with spiritual values based on reverence for the land and a belief in the Dreamtime; the Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, obtained their livelihood from seasonal horticulture and the resources of their reefs and seas. The northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited s
Ebor, New South Wales
Ebor is a village on Waterfall Way on the Northern Tablelands in New South Wales, Australia. It is situated about 80 km east of Armidale and about a third of the way between Armidale and the coast. Dorrigo to the east is 46 kilometres away with the Coffs Coast 55 kilometres away along Waterfall Way. In the 2016 census, Ebor's zone had a population of 166. Although "The Heart of Waterfall Way", Ebor is on the eastern edge of Armidale Regional Council, close to the border of Clarence Valley Council and Bellingen Shire Council; until the amalgamation of Guyra and Armidale councils one side of Ebor was under Armidale council and the other under Guyra shire. Ebor is close to the borders of 3 state and 3 federal electoral boundaries. Amenities in the area include a cafe, a combined post office, fuel station and general store, a pub/motel with camp ground, a NSW DEC primary school; the local sports ground is home of the Ebor Campdraft. There are Rural Fire Service and National Parks and Wildlife Service depots in the area, but no police or ambulance services based in Ebor.
The nearest hospital and 24h emergency department is in Dorrigo. Due to its central position on Waterfall Way, Ebor offers easy access for residents and tourists to Guy Fawkes River National Park, Cathedral Rock National Park, Cunnawarra National Park, New England National Park, part of Oxley Wild Rivers National Park, Nymboi-Binderay National Park and Mount Hyland Nature Reserve; the natural environment of the surrounding district includes some areas which have been cleared for pastoralism and forestry. Nonetheless, the national parks around Ebor have been described as a bush walking "Mecca"; the main tourist attraction is the twin Ebor Falls. In 1930 Sydney Smith Jr. wrote that: "During a recent visit to Ebor I was much impressed with the possibilities of this part of the State as a tourist resort... Around Ebor and Guy Fawkes can be seen some of the most magnificent scenery in this State if not Australia.... The two falls are scenes of beauty, in winter time are sometimes frozen, making a beautiful spectacle as they hang in huge icicles.
The water from the Ebor finds an outlet in the Clarence River.... The view...as regards expansiveness and beauty, must compare more than favourably with views of a similar nature in any part of the Commonwealth. It reminded me of the Valley of a Thousand Hills, outside Durban, in South Africa". In 1976, local historian Eric Fahey wrote: "I believe the future of Dorrigo will depend on tourism; the area has a lot to offer, both in peerless scenery and because of the native fauna which can be seen in large numbers in their natural state."Wagyu beef specialists Stone Axe have a large holding, "Glen Alvie", on the northern boundary of the village. Stone Axe acquired "Alfreda" in the nearby locality of Wongwibinda. Black truffles are grown at the Guy Fawkes Truffle Company outside of Ebor on the Guyra Rd. Trout are another local product; the Dutton Trout Hatchery on Point Lookout Road was established in 1950 and is one of the largest hatcheries in the state. Visitors can see the various stages of trout development prior to their release in the mountain streams.
The release of trout into local streams is believed to have led to decline of the endangered Tusked frog. There are two short walks close to the village. One takes walkers through the 40 hectares recreation reserve; this walk follows the Guy Fawkes River upstream for about half of the walk. Some bird life can be seen; the second walk is accessed by crossing the Guy Fawkes River bridge, following the pedestrian path which winds downstream under the bridge. This path follows the Guy Fawkes River north and meets the national park's Upper and Lower Falls paths. Wallabies, bird life and fire-flies can be seen depending on the season. Platypus have been sighted in August the pool above the falls; the Bicentennial National Trail passes through Ebor which sits on the boundary of sections 7 and 8 of the BNT. The Ebor Falls area is sometimes used for rock climbing, is described as "holding a rather special place in the History of New England climbing", it is a location for Highlining. Ebor has a noted problem with speeding vehicles.
Both passenger cars and heavy vehicles exceed the posted speed limit of 50 km/h. Traffic noise is a problem. Waterfall Way has an entry on the Dangerous Roads website. Ebor's Post Office opened on 2 March 1868, closed in 1869 and reopened in 1910, it is located at the Ebor petrol station/store having moved from Fusspots Cafe. Ebor has a number of cultural heritage sites, including several Aboriginal meeting places, massacre sites. "Gwenda Gardens" is an abandoned homestead on the Guyra-Ebor Road. Other sites include: Waterfall Way: Yooroonah Tank Barrier Former Cottage Hospital at 5 Parke Street Ebor Cemetery off Waterfall Way Deconsecrated Union Church at 11608 Waterfall Way Former Ebor Soldiers Hall at 11626 Waterfall Way Former Australian Bank of Commerce at 27 Ebor Street Homestead, “Milamba” at 7122 Grafton Road House, “Kotupna” at 7314 Grafton Road Cement weir at 337 Point Lookout Road The village of Ebor is at high altitude 1,300 metres by Australian standards, it has cold winters with frequent overnight frost and occasional light snow falls.
The average rain fall is 1,300 millimetres. Ebor General Cemetery Find a Grave https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&CRid=2597869 "Yooroonah Tank Barrier". Australian Heritage Database. Department of the Environment
Nymboida, New South Wales
Nymboida is a rural village in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It is about 21 kilometres south-west of Coutts Crossing, 44 kilometres south-west of Grafton and 687 km north of Sydney. Nymboida is close to the challenging and popular white water rafting waters of the Nymboida River along the Armidale–Grafton Road; the village is in the Clarence Valley Council local government area. In the 2016 census there were 298 people resident in Nymboida, a decrease from the 427 recorded in 2006. 54.6% were males and 45.4% were females. The median age was 52. Of these residents 1.7 % were Torres Strait Islander. British occupation began in 1840 when Gregory Blaxland Jnr, son of the explorer Gregory Blaxland, together with William Forster established sheep stations in the area. Due to the land being forcibly taken from the Aboriginal inhabitants, violence occurred between the newcomers and the original owners. Blaxland subsequently named his land claim Pandemonium due to the conflict, encountered.
Several years when he was trying to sell the land on, Blaxland changed the name of the property to Nymboida. The naming of the town of Nymboida, located within the boundaries of Blaxland's initial claim, was derived from this title. Blaxland was killed in further frontier violence when setting up a pastoral property in Queensland. Nymboida became a service stop for Cobb and Co stagecoaches, bullock teams, timber cutters and other pioneers who stopped here on the wool road from Armidale to Grafton. Nymboida now has an inn, general store, police station and a public primary school that has 20 pupils enrolled as of 2018. Agriculture and tourism are the main sources of income in the region. Nymboida National Park Nymboida Power Station Nymboida River Photos of the Nymboida cemetery inscriptions
Gunnedah Shire
Gunnedah Shire is a local government area in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located adjacent to the Liverpool Plains in the Namoi River valley and is traversed by the Oxley Highway and the Kamilaroi Highway; the Shire was established in 1980 from the amalgamation of the Municipality of Gunnedah and Liverpool Plains Shire. It includes the town of Gunnedah and surrounding villages of Curlewis, Carroll, Emerald Hill, Tambar Springs and Kelvin; the Mayor of Gunnedah Shire Council is Cr. Jamie Chaffey, unaligned with any political party; the Gunnedah Shire is situated on the LIverpool Plains between the Nandewar and Great Dividing Ranges, with the tallest hills being 400 to 500 metres above sea level. The climate is hot in summer, mild in winter and dry, although heavy rain in catchment areas cause flooding of the Namoi River. Major floods cut transport links to Gunnedah isolating it from the outside world; the Gunnedah area is noted for its abundance of native wildlife, including kangaroos and koalas.
Koalas can be found in trees within the town, as well as in the surrounding countryside with the help of signs placed by the local tourist centre. At the 2011 census, there were 12,066 people in the Gunnedah local government area, of which there was an equal number of males and females. Gamilaroi Nation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 11.3% of the population, four-and-a-half times higher than both the national and state averages. The median age of people in the Gunnedah Shire was 40 years. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 21.1% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 18.4% of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, half were married and 9.9% were either divorced or separated. Population growth in the Gunnedah Shire between the 2001 census and the 2011 census was nominal; when compared with total population growth of Australia for the same periods, being 5.78% and 8.32% population growth in the Gunnedah local government area was lower than the national average.
The median weekly income for residents within the Gunnedah Shire was below the national average. At the 2011 census, the proportion of residents in the Gunnedah local government area who stated their ancestry as Australian or Anglo-Saxon exceeded 87% of all residents. In excess of 72% of all residents in the Gunnedah Shire nominated a religious affiliation with Christianity at the 2011 census, higher than the national average of 50.2%. Meanwhile, as at the census date, compared to the national average, households in the Gunnedah local government area had a lower than average proportion where two or more languages are spoken. Gunnedah Shire Council is composed of nine Councillors elected proportionally as a single ward. All Councillors are elected for a fixed four-year term of office; the Mayor is elected by the Councillors at the first meeting of the Council. The most recent election was held on 10 September 2016, the makeup of the Council is as follows: The current Council, elected in 2016, in order of election, is
