Hávamál
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Hávamál is presented as a single poem in the Codex Regius, a collection of Old Norse poems from the Viking age. A scholarly estimate of Hávamál's age dates the poem to between 900 and 1000 A.D. The po
"The Stranger at the Door" (1908) by W. G. Collingwood
Billingr's girl watches on while Odin encounters the bitch tied to her bedpost (1895) by Lorenz Frølich.
"Odin's Self-sacrifice" (1908) by W. G. Collingwood.
The younger Jelling stone (erected by Harald Bluetooth c. 970) shows the crucifixion of Christ with the victim suspended in the branches of a tree instead of on a cross.
Runes
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Runes are the letters in a set of related alphabets, known as rune-rows, runic alphabets or futharks, native to the Germanic peoples. Runes were primarily used to represent sound values but they were
Hávamál
…verse, Hávamál is both practical and philosophical in content. Following the gnomic "Hávamál proper" comes the Rúnatal, an account of how Odin won the runes, and the Ljóðatal, a list of magic chants or spells. The Old Norse name Hávamál (Old West Norse: , Modern Icelandic: ; English: HAW-və-mawl) is a…
Codex Runicus c. 1300
An inscription using cipher runes, the Elder Futhark, and the Younger Futhark, on the 9th-century Rök runestone in Sweden
A Younger Futhark inscription on the 12th-century Vaksala Runestone in Sweden
Ring of Pietroassa (c. 250–400 AD) by Henri Trenk, 1875