HMS Terror was a specialised warship and a newly developed bomb vessel constructed for the Royal Navy in 1813. She participated in several battles of the War of 1812, including the Battle of Baltimore with the bombardment of Fort McHenry. She was converted into a polar exploration ship two decades later, and participated in George Back's Arctic expedition of 1836–1837, the successful Ross expedition to the Antarctic of 1839 to 1843, and Sir John Franklin's ill-fated attempt to force the Northwest Passage in 1845, during which she was lost with all hands along with HMS Erebus.
HMS Terror in the Arctic
A painting by Admiral Sir George Back showing HMS Terror anchored near a cathedral-like iceberg in the waters around Baffin Island
"Erebus" and "Terror" in New Zealand on the Ross expedition, August 1841, by John Wilson Carmichael
Sample of dishware carried by Terror, showing vessel name and the cypher for King George.
A bomb vessel, bomb ship, bomb ketch, or simply bomb was a type of wooden sailing naval ship. Its primary armament was not cannons – although bomb vessels carried a few cannons for self-defence – but mortars mounted forward near the bow and elevated to a high angle, and projecting their fire in a ballistic arc. Explosive shells or carcasses were employed rather than solid shot. Bomb vessels were specialized ships designed for bombarding fixed positions on land. In the 20th century, this naval gunfire support role was carried out by the most similar purpose-built World War I- and II-era monitors, but also by other warships now firing long-range explosive shells.
Model of a mortar aboard Foudroyante, a French bomb vessel of the 1800s
British bomb vessels attacking Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore in 1814
Model of a 'Granado' bomb vessel, launched in 1742. It has two mortars inline. National Maritime Museum, London.
Fort Pulaski under fire. 1 May 1862.