The Hadley cell, also known as the Hadley circulation, is a global-scale tropical atmospheric circulation that features air rising near the equator, flowing poleward near the tropopause at a height of
On average, the Hadley circulation is composed of two cells in the Northern and Southern hemispheres that circulate air within the tropics.
The heating of air along the thermal equator causes it to rise, generating a low-pressure area that pulls in air from the north and south, causing the convergence of winds near the equator known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
Baroclinic waves developing along the subtropical jet at the polar boundaries of Hadley cells transport energy polewards.
Hadley's conception of the atmospheric circulation involved large, hemisphere-spanning circulations
The atmosphere of Venus is the very dense layer of gases surrounding the planet Venus. Venus's atmosphere is composed of 96.5% carbon dioxide and 3.5% nitrogen, with other chemical compounds present o
1761 drawing by Mikhail Lomonosov in his work on the discovery of atmosphere of Venus
Composite image of the polar vortex of Venus in strong red (red image is an infrared view of hot high clouds and the grey image is an ultra-violet view of lower clouds)
Meridional (north-south) component of the atmospheric circulation in the atmosphere of Venus. Note that the meridional circulation is much lower than the zonal circulation, which transports heat between the day and night sides of the planet
False colour near-infrared (2.3 μm) image of the deep atmosphere of Venus obtained by Galileo, red areas are signatures of the hot surface radiating through the atmosphere relatively unhindered. The dark spots are clouds silhouetted against the very hot lower atmosphere emitting thermal infrared radiation.