Haldane Reforms
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The Haldane Reforms were a series of far-ranging reforms of the British Army made from 1906 to 1912, and named after the Secretary of State for War, Richard Burdon Haldane. They were the first major r
Sir Richard Haldane
Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell
The Expeditionary Force on service: men of 4th/Royal Fusiliers resting before the Battle of Mons, 22 August 1914
A company of the Liverpool Scottish, a Territorial unit, on parade after mobilisation in September 1914
Cardwell Reforms
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The Cardwell Reforms were a series of reforms of the British Army undertaken by Secretary of State for War Edward Cardwell between 1868 and 1874 with the support of Liberal prime minister William Ewar
Haldane Reforms
…whilst the Regular Army was overseas. The second wave was from 1868 to 1872, comprising a collection of administrative changes popularly known as the "Cardwell Reforms" after the then Secretary of State for War, Edward Cardwell. The purchase of commissions by officers was abolished, and recruits were now taken on for…
Edward Cardwell, depicted in an 1869 caricature by Carlo "Ape" Pellegrini
The French Army of the East is disarmed after their disastrous defeat by Prussia in 1871; this war showed the need of the British armed forces to modernise.