1.
Daryl Hall & John Oates (album)
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Daryl Hall & John Oates is the self-titled fourth studio album by Hall & Oates, and their first album released by RCA Records in 1975. It is sometimes referred to as The Silver Album because of its glam rock style cover. This remarkable cover was made by Pierre LaRoche, the same artist who created Ziggy Stardust for the rock-singer David Bowie and its also been noted by how Hall and Oates were made to look like women on the cover. In 2009, Sony Music Custom Marketing Group released a pack of Hall & Oates albums. Along with this album, the pack included H2O and Ooh Yeah, grounds for Separation, according to Daryl Hall, was going to be used in the Sylvester Stallone movie Rocky. Frank Stallone, Sylvesters brother, had been in a band with John Oates called Valentine, the movie, however, was slow to get off the ground, and Hall and Oates withdrew the song. Alone Too Long is the song for the television show Hello Ladies. Gino is about the manager at the time. The record jacket insert reads And introducing Tommy Mottola as Little Gino, in 2009, the song was remixed and included on the duos 4-CD box set Do What You Want, Be What You Are. In 2000, Buddah Records re-released the album with two bonus tracks and it featured an album cover in which Daryl and John are overly made up with make-up to the point where they looked like women. Hall would later say in an interview for VH1s Behind the Music that he looked like the girl I always wanted to go out with on that album cover, all tracks by Daryl Hall & John Oates unless noted
2.
Daryl Hall
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In the 1970s and early 1980s, Hall scored several Billboard chart hits and is regarded as one of the best soul singers of his generation. Guitarist Robert Fripp, who collaborated with him in the late 1970s and early 1980s, has written, I have never worked with a more able singer. Since late 2007, he has hosted the web series, Live from Daryls House. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2004, Daryl Franklin Hohl was born in Pottstown, a Pennsylvania borough 40 miles from Philadelphia. His parents each had a background in music, his father was a professional singer and he started recording while still a student at Owen J. Roberts High School, from which he graduated in 1965. In college at Temple University in Philadelphia, he majored in music, while continuing to record, working with Kenny Gamble, during his first semester at Temple, in the fall of 1965, he and four other white Temple University students formed the vocal harmony group the Temptones. They were popular additions to the largely black Philly soul scene, the Temptones recorded a handful of singles for Arctic Records, produced by Jimmy Bishop. While performing at the Uptown theatre, Hall formed creative affiliations with such artists as Smokey Robinson, The Temptations, in 1967, he met John Oates, who was also an undergraduate at Temple University. According to Daryl Hall, they met when We got in the middle of a fight at a dance - I have no idea what the fight was about, I guess the Greek letters on one gangs jackets didnt appeal to the other gang. We both beat it out the back and met on the elevator while leaving the place rather quickly, Hall was by then a senior, while Oates was a freshman. They played together until Oates transferred to a different school at age 19, in 1969, Hall again began recording songs by other artists, which led to the duo signing their first record contract in early 1972. Signed to Atlantic by Ahmet Ertegun and managed by Tommy Mottola in the early 1970s and their second album, Abandoned Luncheonette, produced by Arif Mardin and released in 1973, yielded the single, Shes Gone, which went to No.7 in the U. S. Top 10 on re-release in 1976 after reaching No.1 on the R&B charts when it was covered by Tavares, the duo recorded one more album with Atlantic, War Babies, before they were dropped and promptly signed to RCA. During their tenure at RCA the duo catapulted to international superstardom, from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, Hall & Oates scored six U. S. The era also produced an additional six U. S, top 10 singles, Sara Smile, One on One, Family Man, You Make My Dreams, Say It Isnt So and Method of Modern Love. In 1972 Hall & Oates opened for David Bowie, who was doing an American Tour as Ziggy Stardust. Of his relationship with the British rocker, Daryl Hall reminisced “One time I ran into him in Jamaica. we went to the Playboy Club, after playing their set, they then went on to back Mick Jagger & Tina Turner, a highlight of the concert. The duo released a Christmas album in October 2006 titled Home for Christmas, the duo were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014
3.
John Oates
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John William Oates is an American rock, R&B and soul guitarist, musician, songwriter and record producer best known as half of the rock and soul duo, Hall & Oates. Oates also co-wrote and sang backup on the song Electric Blue, recorded by the Australian band Icehouse and he also co-wrote, produced and sang duet with the Canadian group The Parachute Club on the 1987 song Love is Fire which was a Top 30 hit in Canada. Oates was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2004 and his memoir, Change of Seasons, was published in 2017. Oates was born in New York City and his mother, Ann De Palma, was an Italian immigrant originally from Salerno. His father, Al Oates, was born to an English father and Gibraltarian mother and he was raised in North Wales, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. In 1966, he recorded his first single, I Need Your Love, after graduating from North Penn High School in 1966, John enrolled in Temple University in Philadelphia, where he met Daryl Hall, a senior at Temple who was also a professional musician. The two were involved in college bands, then formed the duo Hall & Oates, and by 1972. Hall & Oates went on to record 21 albums, which have sold over 80 million units worldwide and they have scored ten number-one records and over 20 Top 40 hits and have toured the world for decades. Their involvement in the original Live Aid concert and the charity single We Are the World and their influence on modern American pop music and considerable contributions have been acknowledged by numerous contemporary bands, including Gym Class Heroes and The Killers. In 1983, Oates was asked whether he regretted not pursuing his degree in journalism and he replied that he did not—and admitted that he had in fact never intended to finish it. Despite 30 years as a performer and sought-after producer, Oates did not release a solo album until 2002s Phunk Shui. Oates took part, along with Jamie Cullum, in the song Greatest Mistake by Handsome Boy Modeling School, the song appears on the 2004 album White People. Oatess second solo album,1000 Miles of Life, was released on August 23,2008, as reported by Billboard, Oates will be starring in an animated series called J. Stache, created by Evan Duby at Primary Wave Music Publishing. In March 2010, Oates played with the rock band The Bird. The show was a medley of The Bird and the Bee songs, the performance was dedicated to H&O bassist T-Bone Wolk who died on February 27,2010. On October 1,2011, Margo Rey charted at #24 on Billboards Adult Contemporary Tracks with the song Let the Rain, on March 11,2013, Oates released a new single, Stand Strong, which he co-wrote with Teddy Morgan. Stand Strong is part of Oatess newest project, Good Road To Follow, in 2015, Oates released Another Good Road, a DVD and Live CD combination via PS Records / Warner Elektra, which also debuted as a television special on Palladia music channel. The DVD was shot live in a studio in Nashville, Tennessee
4.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
5.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
6.
Blue-eyed soul
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Blue-eyed soul is rhythm and blues and soul music performed by white artists. The term was coined in the mid-1960s, to describe artists who performed soul and R&B that was similar to the music of the Motown. Though many rhythm and blues radio stations would play music by black musicians. The Righteous Brothers named their 1964 LP Some Blue-Eyed Soul, Blue-eyed soul was applied to such artists as Sonny & Cher, the Beatles, Tom Jones, Barry McGuire, and Roy Head. White musicians playing R&B music, however, began before the term blue-eyed soul was coined, lonnie Macks 1963 gospel-infused vocals earned him widespread critical acclaim as a blue-eyed soul singer. Groups such as The Rascals had soul-tinged pop songs, but it was the vocals of Felix Cavaliere that gave them the blue-eyed soul sound. By the mid-1960s, British singers Dusty Springfield, Eric Burdon, Blue-eyed soul singer, Chris Clark became the first white singer to have an R&B hit with Motown Records in 1966. In 1967, Jerry Lee Lewis, whose latter days at Sun Records had been characterized by R&B covers, delaney and Bonnie produced the blue-eyed soul album Home on Stax in 1969. Michael Sembello, who left home at age 17 to tour with Stevie Wonder, wrote and performed on numerous blue-eyed soul hits for Wonder, Brian McKnight, David Sanborn, Bill Champlin and Bobby Caldwell. Todd Rundgren began his career in Woodys Truck Stop, a based on the model of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band. He left the band to form the rock band Nazz in 1967. Outside the Anglo-American scene, in Italy, Mina and Carmen Villani fused elements of music with the traditional Italian pop music. Carola and Doris were notable Scandinavian artists who were influenced by soul music, in February 1975, Tower of Power became the first white/mixed act to appear on Soul Train. Also in 1975, David Bowie, another early white artist to appear on Soul Train, released Young Americans and it featured the funk-inspired Fame, which became Bowies first number-one hit in the US. Hall & Oates 1975 Silver Album includes the ballad Sara Smile, shes Gone, another soulful hit, was originally released in 1973 but did better as a re-release after Sara Smile. Boz Scaggs 1976 Lowdown, which featured Scaggs laid-back vocals and a funky groove. In April 1976, The Faragher Brothers became the first all-white ensemble to make an appearance on Soul Train. In September that year, white funk band Wild Cherry released the Billboard Hot 100 chart topping funk/rock single Play That Funky Music, the single would eventually sell 2.5 million copies
7.
Rhythm and blues
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Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, the term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s it was applied to blues records. This tangent of RnB is now known as British rhythm and blues, by the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a style of R&B developed, becoming known as Contemporary R&B. It combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop, popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term rhythm and blues as a term in the United States in 1948. It replaced the term race music, which came from within the black community. The term rhythm and blues was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, before the Rhythm and Blues name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term race music with sepia series. In 2010 LaMont Robinson founded the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum, writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans. He has used the term R&B as a synonym for jump blues, however, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that rhythm, according to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use to music made by black musicians. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, while singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, an associated with the modern popular music that rhythm. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords, there was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone
8.
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
9.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
10.
Arista Records
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/ˈɛ. rɪ. stə/ was a major American record label. It was a wholly owned unit of Sony Music Entertainment and was handled by Bertelsmann Music Group. The company operated under the RCA Music Group until 2011, the label was founded in 1974 by Clive Davis, who formerly worked for CBS Records. Until its demise in 2011, it was a distributor and promoter of albums throughout the United States. Today, the labels reissues and catalogue releases are handled by RCA Records, after being fired from CBS Records, Clive Davis was hired by Columbia Pictures in June 1974 to be a consultant for the companys record and music operations. The label was named Arista after New York Citys secondary school honor society, in early 1975, most of the artists who had been signed to Bell were let go, except David Cassidy, Tony Orlando and Dawn, and the 5th Dimension. Others, such as Suzi Quatro and Hot Chocolate, were farmed out to the Bell/Arista-distributed label, several Bell acts, such as Barry Manilow, the Bay City Rollers, and Melissa Manchester moved to Arista. The British Bell label kept that name for a couple of years before changing its name to Arista, the label was immortalized in the 1978 Rockpile song They Called It Rock, in the lyric, Arista says they love you/But the kids cant dance to this. In addition to Manilow, the Kinks, and Dionne Warwick, Arista signed Aretha Franklin in 1980, the labels most significant acquisition came in 1983 when Davis signed Warwicks cousin, Whitney Houston. Houston would eventually become Aristas biggest-selling recording artist, with sales of 200 million records worldwide, Arista had an imprint label in the 1970s called Arista Novus, which focused on contemporary jazz artists. A country music division, Career Records, was merged into the Arista Nashville division in 1997, Arista Austin was used in the late 1990s as a country label. Additionally, Arista was the North American distributor of Jive Records from 1981 until 1987, during the 1990s, Arista also distributed Logic, Rowdy and Heavenly Recordings. Looking to stave off bankruptcy, Columbia Pictures sold Arista to German-based Ariola Records in 1979, after Ariola purchased General Electrics RCA Records in 1986, the combined company was renamed Bertelsmann Music Group, though Aristas U. S. releases would not note BMG until 1987. Into the 1980s, Arista continued its success, including major UK act Secret Affair, over the years it acquired Northwestside Records, deConstruction Records, First Avenue Records, and Dedicated Records in the UK. In 1989, Arista entered into a joint venture with Antonio L. A. Reid and Babyface in the creation of LaFace Records record company of TLC, in 1993, Arista also entered into a joint-venture with Sean P. Diddy Combs to form Bad Boy Records. In 1997 Arista acquired Profile Records, the home of Run-D. M. C. in 1989, Arista signed Milli Vanilli, a duo consisting of Rob Pilatus and Fab Morvan that was based in Germany. The label released its album, Girl You Know Its True, which was a remixed and re-edited version of All or Nothing. The album was certified platinum in the U. S. and charted five top-ten singles
11.
Electric guitar
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The vibrations of the strings are sensed by a pickup, of which the most common type is the magnetic pickup, which uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction. The signal generated by a guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is plugged into a guitar amplifier before being sent to a loudspeaker. The output of a guitar is an electric signal. Invented in 1931, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitarists. Early proponents of the guitar on record included Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker. During the 1950s and 1960s, the guitar became the most important instrument in pop music. It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a component in the development of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music. Electric guitar design and construction vary greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge that lets players bend the pitch of notes or chords up or down or perform vibrato effects. The sound of a guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, hammering on, using audio feedback, in a small group, such as a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In larger rock and metal bands, there is often a rhythm guitarist, many experiments at electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins, hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge, however, these detected vibration from the bridge on top of the instrument, resulting in a weak signal. With numerous people experimenting with electrical instruments in the 1920s and early 1930s, Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. Some of the earliest electric guitars adapted hollow-bodied acoustic instruments and used tungsten pickups, the first electrically amplified guitar was designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president. The maple body prototype for the one-piece cast aluminum frying pan was built by Harry Watson, commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation, in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker, and Paul Barth. In 1934, the company was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company, in that year Beauchamp applied for a United States patent for an Electrical Stringed Musical Instrument and the patent was issued in 1937. The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts provided players a full 25 scale, with 17 frets free of the fretboard and it is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937, fewer than 10 are known to survive today. The need for the guitar became apparent during the big band era as orchestras increased in size, particularly when acoustic guitars had to compete with large
12.
Rock and roll
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While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this deals with the first definition. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars, a double bass or string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teens enjoyed the music and it went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. The term rock and roll now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage, the American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopædia Britannica, on the hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s. In 1934, the song Rock and Roll by the Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, in 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term rock-and-roll to describe upbeat recordings such as Rock Me by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the Rock and Roll Inn in South Merchantville, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. The origins of rock and roll have been debated by commentators. The migration of former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers such as St. The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called race music, particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk. The 1940s saw the use of blaring horns, shouted lyrics. In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, similarly, country boogie and Chicago electric blues supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Rock and roll arrived at a time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock. Because the development of rock and roll was a process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously the first rock. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
13.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
14.
Rich Girl (Hall & Oates song)
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Rich Girl is a song by Daryl Hall and John Oates. It debuted on the Billboard Top 40 on February 5,1977 at number 38 and on March 26,1977, the single originally appeared on the 1976 album Bigger Than Both of Us. At the end of 1977, Billboard ranked it as the 23rd biggest hit of the year, the songs lyrics are about a spoiled girl who can rely on her parents money to do whatever she wants. The song was rumored to be about the newspaper heiress Patty Hearst. In fact, the character in the song is based on a spoiled heir to a fast-food chain who was an ex-boyfriend of Daryl Halls girlfriend. But you cant write, Youre a rich boy in a song, so I changed it to a girl, Hall told Rolling Stone. Hall elaborated on the song in an interview with American Songwriter and he came to our apartment, and he was acting sort of strange. I think he was involved with some kind of a fast-food chain, I said, This guy is out of his mind, but he doesnt have to worry about it because his fathers gonna bail him out of any problems he gets in. So I sat down and wrote that chorus and he can rely on the old mans money/he can rely on the old mans money/hes a rich guy. I thought that didnt sound right, so I changed it to Rich Girl and he knows the song was written about him. Several years later, Hall read an interview with David Berkowitz, Hall & Oates later reflected this disturbing fact in the lyrics of the song Diddy Doo Wop on the album Voices. The song appeared in a namesake 1985 episode of the TV series Hunter, british recording artist Natalia Kills released a song called Daddys Girl on her second album Trouble which features the original recording of the chorus as an intro. American Rock band Faith No More covered the song briefly in the middle of their own song Midlife Crisis while performing in Detroit, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
15.
Kiss on My List
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Kiss on My List is a song by the American duo Hall & Oates. It was written by Daryl Hall and Janna Allen, and produced by the duo and it was the third single release from their ninth studio album, Voices, and became their second US Billboard Hot 100 number-one single. It spent three weeks at the top spot, the song was written with the intention of Janna Allen, sister of Halls longtime girlfriend Sara Allen, singing it, as she was interested in starting a music career. Hall cut a version as a guide for her, but later when his manager found the tape lying around the studio, he insisted that Hall. In fact, the team liked the demo so much that they didnt do a second take, instead adding background vocals and instrumentation to the demo. Hall recalled thats why the drums sounded so dinky, Hall calls it an anti-love song, with the song title being tongue-in-cheek sarcasm in that the kiss is not that important, in that its on a list of other things that are just as important. The song was one of the videos that aired on MTVs first day of broadcast. The 45 rpm version of the song appears on the compilation albums Rock n Soul Part 1 and Playlist, in the 2010 film Shes Out of My League the lead characters best friend fronts a Hall and Oates cover band and they perform the song during a party scene. In 2014, The Family Crest covered the song for Greys Anatomy Season 10, the episode aired on March 20,2014. In 2015, Matt Dusk and Margaret recorded a version for their album Just the Two of Us
16.
Private Eyes (song)
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Private Eyes is a 1981 single by Hall & Oates and the title track from their album of that year. The song was one on the Billboard Hot 100 charts for two weeks, from November 7 through November 20,1981. This single was the third of six number one hits. It was succeeded in the one position by Olivia Newton-Johns Physical. The tune for Private Eyes was written by Warren Pash and Janna Allen, with arrangement, in an interview with American Songwriter, Daryl Hall states, Thats a real Janna Allen song. Janna, and I, and Warren Pash wrote that, Warren and Janna wrote most of the song, and I took it and changed it around – changed the chords. Sandy and I wrote the lyrics and its a real family song, the Allen sisters and me. It was one of the duos first songs to appear in heavy rotation on MTV, the Disney Channel ran a DTV music video of the song, set mostly to clips from the Goofy cartoon short How to Be a Detective. Captain Kangaroo in the early 1980s had a vignette of the song. On the August 13,2007 episode of WWE Raw, John Bradshaw Layfield and Michael Cole dressed up as Hall & Oates and sang versions of Private Eyes and Rich Girl. In episode 3.16 of Psych, An Evening with Mr. Yang, USA Network later parodied the original music video to Private Eyes in a promo for the television series. In the television series Chuck, the character included the song in his stakeout mix. In the film Knight and Day, the song is being played on a system in a safehouse of a fugitive who is an inventor who is a fan of the duo. It was made available to download on January 10,2012, in 2012, Joel Dickinson remixed the song for club play adding electro touches and an all-new drum arrangement. In 2016, Dear Rouge covered the song for the TV series Private Eyes as its theme song, list of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1981 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
17.
I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)
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I Cant Go for That is a song by the American duo Hall & Oates. Written by Daryl Hall and John Oates, and co-written by Sara Allen, the song became the fourth number-one hit single of their career on the Billboard Hot 100 and the second hit single from Private Eyes. It features Charles DeChant on saxello, I Cant Go for That is one of 14 Hall & Oates songs that have been played on the radio over one million times, according to BMI. Daryl Hall sketched out the song one evening at a music studio in New York City, in 1981. Hall began to play a line on a Korg organ. Hall then came up with a riff, which he. The next day, Hall, Oates and Sara Allen worked on the lyrics, speaking about the meaning of the lyrics, John Oates has stated that while many listeners may assume the lyrics are about a relationship, in reality, the song is about the music business. That song is really about not being pushed around by big labels, managers, and agents and being told what to do, and being true to yourself creatively. This was done intentionally, he explained, to universalize the topic of the song into something everyone could relate to, naming Maneater as another example, he revealed that this was a common theme for the groups songs. On January 30,1982, I Cant Go for That ended a 10-week run at the top of the Hot 100 by Olivia Newton-Johns song, the song also went to number one on the Hot Dance Club Play chart for one week in January 1982. Thanks to heavy airplay on contemporary radio stations, I Cant Go for That also topped the US R&B chart. According to the Hall & Oates biography, Hall, upon learning that I Cant Go For That had gone to number 1 on the R&B chart, wrote in his diary, Im the head soul brother in the U. S. This single was also the first top 10 hit for the duo in the UK peaking at number 8 in the UK singles chart, I Cant Go for That was voted number six on VH1s list of The 100 Greatest Songs of the 80s. Hall says that he told Jackson that he had lifted the bass line from another song himself, List of number-one dance hits List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1982 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Video on VH1 Classic website
18.
Maneater (Hall & Oates song)
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Maneater is a song by the American duo Hall & Oates, featured on their eleventh studio album, H2O. It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on December 18,1982. It remained in the top spot for four weeks, more than any of the five other number-one hits, including Kiss on My List. In an interview with American Songwriter in 2009, Daryl Hall recalled, John had written a prototype of Maneater and it was like a reggae song. I said, Well, the chords are interesting, but I think we should change the groove, I changed it to that Motown kind of groove. She said, drop that shit at the end and go, Shes a maneater, and I said, No, you’re crazy, thats messed up. Then I thought about it, and I realized she was right, and it made all the difference in the song. Hall also opined, We try and take chances and our new single Maneater isnt something that sounds like anything else on the radio. The idea is to make things better, John Oates has explained that while it is natural to assume the lyrics are about a woman, the song actually was originally written about NYC in the ’80s. Its about greed, avarice, and spoiled riches, but we have it in the setting of a girl because its more relatable. Its something that people can understand, thats what we do all of the time, after describing how they took a similar approach with the earlier song I Cant Go for That. The Hall & Oates music video opens with a walking down a red staircase. The band members step in and out of the light for their lip sync. A young woman in a party dress is shown in fade-in and fade-out shots, along with a black jaguar, hence the song line The woman is wild. The songs chorus is oh, oh here she comes, watch out boy, shell chew you up, in November 2008, Hall & Oates initiated legal action against their music publisher. In 1998, Las Vegas band The Kickwurmz released two versions of the song, Maneater, and Man Eata Digital Media House Remix. In 2011, rock band Harvey Danger recorded a cover of song for their final album Dead Sea Scrolls. In 2011, indie rock band The Wooden Birds covered this song as a B-side on their Two Matchsticks single, in 2013, Grace Mitchell performed this song for the Original Soundtrack of the movie The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
19.
Out of Touch
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Out of Touch is a song by American duo Hall & Oates from their twelfth studio album Big Bam Boom. The song was released as the single from Big Bam Boom on October 4,1984. It also became the fourteenth consecutive top 40 hit since 1980. The song often segued from Dance on Your Knees, which is the song of the album. The music video contains the Dance on Your Knees intro. The song featured in the 2002 console game Grand Theft Auto and it was also featured on Grand Theft Auto, Vice City Greatest Hits as the first song. It is the first song of the volume of the original soundtrack. It was also used in the 2008 console game Saints Row 2 on the radio station The Mix 107.77, the song was sampled in the 2011 Nero song Reaching Out. Daryl Hall of Hall & Oates also provided vocals in the song. List of Billboard Hot 100 singles of 1984 Out of Touch was covered by Uniting Nations in 2004, Uniting Nations version peaked at number seven on the UK Singles Chart and remained in the Top 75 for 21 weeks. The vocals on the recording were done by vocalist and session artist Jinian Wilde, the music video for the song features actors Paul Spicer, Charleene Rena, Hayley-Marie Coppin, Sophie Lovell Anderson and an unnamed woman playing strip poker
20.
Recording Industry Association of America
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The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
21.
Music recording sales certification
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Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
22.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
23.
Simon & Garfunkel
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Simon & Garfunkel were an American folk rock duo consisting of singer-songwriter Paul Simon and singer Art Garfunkel. They were one of the music groups of the 1960s and became counterculture icons of the decades social revolution, alongside artists such as the Beatles, the Beach Boys. Their biggest hits—including The Sound of Silence, Mrs. Robinson, Bridge over Troubled Water and their often rocky relationship led to artistic disagreements, which resulted in their breakup in 1970. Their final studio record, Bridge over Troubled Water, was their most successful, the duo met as children in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize together and began writing original material. By 1957, under the name Tom & Jerry, the teenagers had their first minor success with Hey Schoolgirl, afterwards, the duo went their separate ways, with Simon making unsuccessful solo records. In 1963, aware of a public interest in folk music. Their début, Wednesday Morning,3 A. M. sold poorly, and they again disbanded, Simon returned to a solo career. In June 1965, their song The Sound of Silence was overdubbed, adding electric guitar and this later version became a major U. S. AM radio hit in 1965, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100, Simon & Garfunkel reunited, releasing their second studio album Sounds of Silence and touring colleges nationwide. On their third release, Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme and their music was featured in the 1967 film The Graduate, giving them further exposure. Bookends, their album, topped the Billboard 200 chart. After their 1970 breakup following the release of Bridge over Troubled Water, Simon & Garfunkel were described by critic Richie Unterberger as the most successful folk-rock duo of the 1960s and one of the most popular artists from the decade in general. They won 10 Grammy Awards and were inducted into the Rock and their Bridge over Troubled Water album was nominated at the 1977 Brit Awards for Best International Album and is ranked at number 51 on Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Individually, when young, they developed a fascination with music. That first stage appearance was followed by the duo forming a street-corner doo-wop group and they began performing for the first time as a duo at school dances. They moved to Forest Hills High School in 1955, where, in 1956, they wrote their first song, The Girl for Me, Simons father sent a handwritten copy to the Library of Congress to register a copyright. While trying to remember the lyrics to the Everlys song Hey Doll Baby, they created their own song, Hey Schoolgirl, while recording they were overheard by a promoter, Sid Prosen, who – after speaking to their parents – signed them to his independent label Big Records. While still aged 15, Simon & Garfunkel now had a contract with Sid Prosens independent label Big Records
24.
The Everly Brothers
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The Everly Brothers were American country-influenced rock and roll singers, known for steel-string acoustic guitar and close harmony singing. Isaac Donald Don Everly and Phillip Phil Everly were elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, Don was born in Brownie, Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, in 1937, and Phil two years later in Chicago, Illinois. Their parents were Isaac Milford Ike Everly, Jr. a guitar player, actor James Best, also from Muhlenberg County, was the son of Ikes sister. Margaret was 15 when she married Ike, who was 26, Ike worked in coal mines from age 14, but his father encouraged him to pursue his love of music. Ike and Margaret began singing together, the Everly brothers spent most of their childhood in Shenandoah, Iowa. They attended Longfellow Elementary School in Waterloo, Iowa, for a year, but then moved to Shenandoah in 1944, Ike Everly had a show on KMA and KFNF in Shenandoah in the mid-1940s, first with his wife and then with their sons. The brothers sang on the radio as Little Donnie and Baby Boy Phil, the family sang as the Everly Family. Ike, with guitarists Merle Travis, Mose Rager, and Kennedy Jones, was honored in 1992 by the construction of the Four Legends Fountain in Drakesboro, the family moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1953, where the brothers attended West High School. In 1955, the moved to Madison, Tennessee, while the brothers moved to Nashville. Don had graduated high school in 1955, and Phil attended Peabody Demonstration School in Nashville. Both could now focus on recording, while in Knoxville, the brothers caught the attention of family friend Chet Atkins, manager of RCA Victors studio in Nashville. The brothers became a duo and moved to Nashville, despite affiliation with RCA, Atkins arranged for the Everly Brothers to record for Columbia Records in early 1956. Their Keep a-Lovin Me, which Don wrote and composed, flopped, Atkins introduced them to Wesley Rose, of Acuff-Rose music publishers. Rose told them he would get them a deal if they signed to Acuff-Rose as songwriters. They so signed in late 1956, and in 1957 Rose introduced them to Archie Bleyer, the Everlys signed and made a recording in February 1957. Bye Bye Love had been rejected by 30 other acts and their record reached No.2 on the pop charts, behind Elvis Presleys Teddy Bear, and No.1 on the country and No.5 on the R&B charts. The song, by Felice and Boudleaux Bryant, became the Everly Brotherss first million-seller. Working with the Bryants, they had hits in the United States and the United Kingdom, the biggest being Wake Up Little Susie, All I Have to Do Is Dream, Bird Dog, and Problems
25.
Songwriters Hall of Fame
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It not only celebrates these established songwriters, but is also involved on the development of new songwriting talent through workshops, showcases and scholarships. There are many programs designed to teach and discover new songwriters, the Hall of Fame only existed as an online virtual collection until 2010, when it was first put on display as a physical gallery inside The Grammy Museum in Los Angeles. With an under-construction basement installation at the Brill Building in New York, the Hall doesnt have a permanent place, through 2010,383 individuals had been inducted into the SHOF. The British rock band Queen was the first band to be inducted in 2003, the American singer Lady Gaga was the first artist ever to win the award. 2015 – Lady Gaga The Hal David Starlight Award honors young artists who have made an impression on the music industry. It goes to writers already inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame for having established a history of outstanding creative works and he was later director of ASCAP, and a founder of the Songwriters Hall of Fame which, in 1983, named the Abe Olman Publisher Award. In his honor, the Abe Olman Scholarship is given out each year by his family in the interest of encouraging and supporting the careers of young songwriters, the Holly Prize is administered and juried by the SongHall
26.
VH1
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VH1 is an American cable television network based in New York City that is owned by the Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of Viacom Media Networks. The channel was first launched on January 1,1985 in the old space of Turner Broadcasting Systems short-lived Cable Music Channel and it was originally created by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, at the time a division of Warner Communications and the original owner of MTV. As of February 2015, approximately 92.6 million US households receive VH1, also frequently featured in the networks early years were videos for Motown and other 60s oldies consisting of newsreel and concert footage. It was introduced on January 1,1985 with the performance of The Star-Spangled Banner by Marvin Gaye. From the start, Video Hits One was branded as a version of its sister/parent channel. It played more jazz and R&B artists than MTV and had a rotation of urban-contemporary performers. Its early on-camera personalities were New York radio veterans Don Imus, Frankie Crocker, Scott Shannon, Jon Bauman, Bobby Rivers, later VJs included Tim Byrd of WPIX-FM, a station whose eclectic ballad-and-R&B oriented format mirrored that of VH-1, and Alison Steele. Rosie ODonnell later joined the outlets veejay lineup, ODonnell would also host a comedy show featuring various comedians each episode. The format left room for occasional ad-libs by the VJ, a godsend for emcees such as Imus, in true Imus style, he used a 1985 segment of his VH-1 show to jokingly call smooth-jazz icon Sade Adu a grape for her oval-shaped head. At first many different musicians guest-hosted the program, but eventually musician/songwriter Ben Sidran became the permanent host, new-Age music videos continued to play on the channel into the 1990s. They would be seen on the Sunday morning 2-hour music video block titled Sunday Brunch, once VH1 established itself a few years later, they catered to Top 40, adult contemporary, classic rock, and 1980s mainstream pop. For a time, even music videos aired in a one-hour block during the afternoons. They started out using MTVs famous Kabel typeface font for their music video credit tags and it was later replaced in 1991 by a larger font, with the year the video was made added to the lower column that identified the label on which the album was released. In 1993, the name of the director was included at the bottom of the credits. Every week, the Top 21 Video Countdown usually had a different guest host, occasionally, they had themed countdowns as well, such as Elvira hosting scary videos for Halloween in 1991. Long blocks of videos by a particular artist or band, theme. One popular weekend program was called Video Rewind, in blocks of 1980s videos from one particular year would play for an hour. There was also a short-lived hour-long program called By Request in which viewers could call a 1–900 hotline number to request their videos, also in 1991, a popular morning program was introduced called Hits News & Weather that ran from 7 AM to 9 AM ET
27.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati, New York City, Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, on May 5,1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland, the hall of fame shouldve been in Memphis, certainly, wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have chosen as the organizations site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, It was $65 million, Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money. During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site, Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was planned to stand 200 ft high. The buildings base is approximately 150,000 square feet, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7,1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1,1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, the following night an all-star concert was held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the documents the entire history of rock and roll. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in an exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees, the formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times, twice in Los Angeles, and four times in the Hall of Fames home in Cleveland
28.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
29.
Pottstown, Pennsylvania
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Pottstown is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States about 40 miles northwest of Philadelphia and 20 miles southeast of Reading, on the Schuylkill River. Pottstown was laid out in 1752–53 and named Pottsgrove in honor of its founder, the old name was abandoned at the time of the incorporation as a borough in 1815. In 1888, the limits of the borough were considerably extended, Pottstown is the center of a productive farming and dairying region. In the past, its iron and steel interests were very extensive, in 1900,13,696 people lived there, in 1910,15,599, in 1920,17,431, and in 1940,20,194 people lived there. The population was 22,377 at the 2010 census, Pottstown is not to be confused with Pottsville, a city in Schuylkill County well known for being the home of the Yuengling brewery. Modern-day Pottstown is established on land deeded to William Penn. Germans, Swedes and English were among the first European settlers in the area, after establishment of the first iron forge in 1714, Pottstowns fortunes became tied to the iron industry. Eventually, blast furnaces for production of iron and later opened in the area. Iron and steel production brought the Potts family, iron masters by trade and they established a forge in the area and built a large home just west of the Manatawny Creek. John Potts founded a town in 1761 on part of the 995 acres that he owned and it is the home of the nations oldest mills, Pottstown Roller Mill. Over time, Pottsgrove grew and in 1815, was incorporated under the name Pottstown becoming the borough in Pennsylvania after Norristown. The Philadelphia & Reading Railroad mainline between Reading and Philadelphia reached Pottstown in 1838, the extension of the railroad to Mount Carbon in 1842 facilitated the movement of raw materials and finished goods which helped Pottstowns economy to grow. In the few years following the extension of the railroad, the population grew from 600 to 1,850 residents, Pottstowns metal production grew and notably, steel from the borough was used in the Panama Canal and Golden Gate Bridge. In 1944, the adopted a city manager form of government. By 1964, the saw the need to re-organize the municipal government. At the time, it had one of the largest borough councils in the state and this was reduced to seven members in redrawn wards. Pottstown has a city form of government with a mayor. The mayor is Sharon Thomas and the manager is Mark Flanders, the borough is part of the Sixth Congressional District, the 146th State House District and the 44th State Senate District
30.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
31.
Temple University
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Temple University is a state-related-public doctoral university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded in 1884 by Baptist Minister Russell Conwell, in 1882, Conwell came to Pennsylvania to lead the Grace Baptist Church while he began tutoring working class citizens late at night to accommodate their work schedules. These students, later dubbed night owls, were taught in the basement of Conwells Baptist Temple, hence the origin of the universitys name, by 1907, the institution revised its institutional status and incorporated as a university. In 2015, Temple received $227.5 million in funding, ranking it 93rd out of 905 institutions in the NSF’s Higher Education Research. Temple is among the nations largest providers of education, preparing the largest body of professional practitioners in Pennsylvania. Conwell came to Pennsylvania in 1882 to lead the Grace Baptist Church while he began tutoring working class citizens late at night to accommodate their work schedules. These students, later dubbed night owls, were taught in the basement of Conwells Baptist Temple, hence the origin of the universitys name, the Grace Baptist Church quickly grew popular within the North Philadelphia area. A temporary board of trustees was created to handle the rapidly growing formalities associated with the churchs programs, when the board conducted its first meeting they named Russell H. Conwell president of The Temple College. Within the following months, Grace Baptist Church appointed a new board of trustees, printed official admissions files, regardless of whether they had the resources to support the school, Conwell’s desire was “to give education to those who were unable to get it through the usual channels”. Philadelphia granted a charter in 1888 to establish “The Temple College of Philadelphia”, by 1888, the enrollment of the college was nearly 600. It was in 1907 that Temple College revised its institutional status, Legal recognition as a university enhanced Temple in noticeable ways including its reputation, professional and graduate programs, overall enrollment, and financial support. Over time, Temple expanded, Samaritan Hospital was founded, a Medical School was added, after the merger, Temple officially reincorporated as Temple University on December 12,1907. Today, Temple is a Pennsylvania state-related university, meaning the university receives state funds, subject to state appropriations, but is independently operated. In U. S. News & World Reports 2017 rankings, Temple is tied for 56th among U. S. public universities, tied for 118th among all national universities, Temple undergraduate college is among the top colleges profiled in The Princeton Reviews The Best 379 colleges. Temples Social Science faculty is also ranked 76-100 in the world in 2015 by ARWU, Temple is ranked 94th out of 643 US institutions in National Science Foundations 2013 Higher education Research and Development Survey. Tylers graduate programs are highly selective, maintaining their reputation for providing one of the finest programs in the nation, as of 2015, Tyler’s overall ranking is 13th in the nation. Tyler’s individual graduate programs, as of 2015, ranked highly in their fields, painting and drawing, sculpture, printmaking, ceramics. Temples Fox School of Business, founded in 1918, is one of the largest business schools in the country, the Fox School offers 13 undergraduate majors,10 professional masters programs, two PhD programs, and the school has a variety of international partnerships
32.
Folk music
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Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre
33.
Soul music
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Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers
34.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
35.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
36.
War Babies (Hall & Oates album)
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War Babies is the third studio album by Hall & Oates, released in 1974, and their last of three albums for Atlantic Records before moving to RCA Records. The album was produced by Todd Rundgren, Rundgren and other members of Utopia, his then-recently-formed prog-rock band, perform on the record. The album was a departure from the previous two albums, alienating fans of the blue-eyed soul material that dominated the albums. War Babies is a more rock-oriented LP with heavy keyboard work, war Babies would be their first charting album, reaching #86 on the Billboard 200. On February 24,2017 Friday Music released a version of the album along with their first studio album, Whole Oats
37.
Arif Mardin
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Arif Mardin was a Turkish-American music producer, who worked with hundreds of artists across many different styles of music, including jazz, rock, soul, disco and country. His collaborations include working with Queen, the Bee Gees, Anita Baker, Aretha Franklin, Roberta Flack, Bette Midler, Chaka Khan, Laura Nyro, Phil Collins, Daniel Rodriguez, Mardin was awarded eleven Grammy Awards. Arif Mardin was born in Istanbul into a family that included statesmen, diplomats and leaders in the civic, military and business sectors of the Ottoman Empire. His father was co-owner in a gas station chain. Mardin grew up listening to the likes of Bing Crosby and Glenn Miller, through his sister he met jazz critic Cuneyt Sermet, who turned him onto this music and eventually became his mentor. After graduating from Istanbul University in Economics and Commerce, Mardin studied at the London School of Economics, influenced by his sisters music records and jazz, he was also an accomplished orchestrator and arranger, but he never intended to pursue a career in music. However, his fate changed in 1956 after meeting the American jazz musicians Dizzy Gillespie and he sent three demo compositions to his friend Tahir Sur who worked at a radio station in America. Sur took these compositions to Quincy Jones and Mardin became the first recipient of the Quincy Jones Scholarship at the Berklee College of Music in Boston, in 1958 he and his fiancé Latife moved from Istanbul to Boston. After graduating in 1961, he taught at Berklee for one year, Arif Mardin was later made a trustee of Berklee and was awarded an honorary doctorate. Mardin began his career at Atlantic Records in 1963 as an assistant to Nesuhi Ertegün, a fellow Turkish émigré, Nesuhi was the brother of Ahmet Ertegün, Atlantics co-founder and a jazz enthusiast when they met at the Newport Jazz Festival. Mardin rose through the ranks quickly, becoming manager, label house producer and arranger. In 1969, he became the Vice President and later served as Senior Vice President until 2001 and he worked closely on many projects with co-founders Ertegün and Jerry Wexler, as well as noted recording engineer Tom Dowd, the three legends were responsible for establishing the Atlantic Sound. Arif Mardin retired from Atlantic Records in May 2001 and re-activated his label Manhattan Records and he maintained ties to the Turkish music industry. Mardin made two albums, Glass Onion, in 1970, and Journey, in 1975. In Journey, he was the composer and arranger, but he played electric piano and percussion. Mardin composed, arranged, conducted and produced The Prophet, an interpretation of The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran, in 1974, in his career of more than 40 years, he collected over 40 gold and platinum albums, over 15 Grammy nominations and 12 Grammy Awards. In 1990, Arif Mardin was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts, Mardin died at his home in New York on June 25,2006 following a lengthy battle with pancreatic cancer. His remains were brought to Turkey and were interred at Karacaahmet Cemetery in Üsküdar district of Istanbul on July 5,2006, Bee Gees soloist Robin Gibb and his wife Dwina attended the funeral service, among other prominent people
38.
Todd Rundgren
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Todd Harry Rundgren is an American multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and record producer. Rundgren has often been at the forefront as a promoter of cutting edge recording technologies, although lesser known, Couldnt I Just Tell You has had a major influence on artists in the power pop musical genre. Rundgren was born in Upper Darby, at the city limits of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father was of half Swedish and half Austrian descent and he began his career in Woodys Truck Stop, a Philadelphia-based group in the style of Paul Butterfield Blues Band. The group gained recognition with the Rundgren-penned songs Open My Eyes. Nazz released three albums during this time – Nazz, Nazz Nazz, and Nazz III, Open My Eyes gained belated recognition thanks to its inclusion in Nuggets, the genre-defining anthology of American 1960s garage punk and psychedelia compiled by musician Lenny Kaye. The groups second LP was originally intended as double album, Rundgren and Van Osten left the band shortly after. Particularly during the years of his career, Rundgrens songwriting was heavily influenced by the music of singer-songwriter Laura Nyro. I met her right after Eli and the Thirteenth Confession, I actually had arranged a meeting, just because I was so infatuated with her and I wanted to meet the person who had produced all this music. We got along, and we were kind of friendly, and actually, after I met her the first time, but the Nazz had just signed a record contract and I couldnt skip out on the band, even though it was incredibly tempting. Rundgrens debut solo album Runt includes the strongly Nyro-influenced Baby Lets Swing, Nazz manager Michael Friedman, who had joined Albert Grossman management brought Rundgren to the firm where he became both a solo artist and producer for many artists in the Grossman stable. He also apparently considered working as a computer programmer, subsequently, he became one of the first artists signed to Grossmans Bearsville Records label. D. Smart, with whom Rundgren worked on later projects. Rothchild, the result was Joplins swansong LP Pearl, which Rothchild pieced together from the session tapes. This was followed by an album for the Paul Butterfield Blues Band. One of these was attended by a budding New York writer called Patti Smith and his work for The Band was followed by a second album for Winchester and the album Taking Care of Business by the James Cotton Blues Band. Rundgren himself wrote, produced, sang and played guitars, keyboards, Smart on the rest of the album. Furthermore, only Rundgren is pictured on the covers of albums, and both albums have been subsequently reissued with the same titles and cover art, but bearing the artist credit Todd Rundgren
39.
She's Gone (Hall & Oates song)
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Shes Gone is a song written and originally performed by pop music duo Daryl Hall and John Oates. It was included on their 1973 album, Abandoned Luncheonette, the song was released as a single in 1974. It was a hit in Hall & Oates home market of Philadelphia and was moderately successful nationally. Two years later in 1976, after Hall & Oates had moved to RCA Records and had scored with the hit Sara Smile and this time Shes Gone was a hit, peaking at #7 on the Billboard Hot 100. On the R&B chart, the peaked at #93. Daryl Hall, according to reports, has called it the best song he. Both performers were undergoing romantic problems at the time the song was written, John Oates spoke of the song in a 2009 interview with American Songwriter, I sat down with the guitar and sang the chorus of Shes Gone basically the way that it is. Then I played it for Daryl because I didnt have anything else, I said, Hey, I’ve got this really great chorus. And we wrote the verses together, she’s Gone is a song that endures. Daryl Hall only lip syncs the portions of the song that he sings in harmony with John Oates during the video, John Oates later explained that Hall & Oates had made the video to be shown at a television dance show based in Atlantic City, New Jersey. According to Oates, the show declined to broadcast the video. The video was described by Mental Floss as The Craziest Hall & Oates Video Ever, the brothers version of the song became a hit, topping the U. S. R&B chart and peaking at #50 on the Hot 100. In 1975, Lou Rawls covered his version from the same titled album, Dee Dee Bridgewater recorded the song as Hes Gone for her 1976 eponymous debut album. The Captain and Tennille and Dionne Warwick covered the Hall & Oates version in 1977, the lyrics pronouns were changed to the perspective of a woman losing her man. In 1998, the song was covered by Matthew Marsden featuring Destinys Child, in 2000, Jacksoul covered the song on their album Sleepless. In 2008, Hall and Oates themselves sang a parody of the song entitled Hes Gone, about Alan Colmes leaving the show Hannity & Colmes, for The Daily Show. In 2010, The Bird and the Bee covered the song for their tribute album Interpreting the Masters Volume 1, A Tribute to Daryl Hall, in 2012, Emm Gryner released a cover of the song for her EP Shes Gone, A Hall & Oates Tribute EP. In 2015, Morgan James released a cover of the song for her LP Hunter and their version of the song was featured for The Bird and the Bee in the Halloween episode of Outsourced, when Asha and Todd were slow dancing
40.
Lou Rawls
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Louis Allen Lou Rawls was an American recording artist, voice actor, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known for his ability, Frank Sinatra once said that Rawls had the classiest singing. Rawls released more than 60 albums, sold more than 40 million records and he worked as a television, motion picture, and voice actor. He was also a three-time Grammy-winner, all for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance, Rawls was born in Chicago on December 1,1933, and raised by his grandmother in the Ida B. Wells projects on the citys South Side, after graduating from Chicagos Dunbar Vocational High School, he sang briefly with Cooke in the Teenage Kings of Harmony, a local gospel group, and then with the Holy Wonders. In 1951, Rawls replaced Cooke in the Highway QCs after Cooke departed to join The Soul Stirrers in Los Angeles, Rawls was soon recruited by the Chosen Gospel Singers and moved to Los Angeles, where he subsequently joined the Pilgrim Travelers. In 1955, Rawls enlisted in the United States Army as a paratrooper in the 82nd Airborne Division and he left the All-Americans three years later as a sergeant and rejoined the Pilgrim Travelers. In 1958, while touring the South with the Travelers and Sam Cooke, Rawls was pronounced dead before arriving at the hospital, where he stayed in a coma for five and a half days. It took him months to regain his memory, and a year to fully recuperate, Rawls considered the event to be life-changing. Alongside Dick Clark as master of ceremonies, Rawls was recovered enough by 1959 to be able to perform at the Hollywood Bowl. His first 2 single releases were Love, Love, Love and Walkin on Herb Alperts Shar-Dee label in 1959-60, then 2 more in 1960-61 on Candix with In My Little Black Book and 80 Ways. He was signed to Capitol Records in 1962, the year he sang the soulful background vocals on the Sam Cooke recording of Bring It On Home to Me and Thats Where Its At. Rawls himself charted with a cover of Bring It On Home to Me in 1970, Rawls first Capitol solo release was Stormy Monday, a jazz album with Les McCann in 1962. Went gold, Rawls would not have a hit until he made a proper soul album, appropriately named Soulin. The album contained his first R&B #1 single, Love Is a Hurtin Thing, in 1967 Rawls won his first Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance, for the single Dead End Street. In 1967, Rawls also performed at the first evening of the Monterey International Pop Music Festival, in 1969, the singer was co-host of NBCs summer replacement series for the Dean Martin Show along with Martins daughter, singer Gail Martin. After leaving Capitol in 1971, Rawls joined MGM, at which juncture he released his Grammy-winning single Natural Man written for him by comedian Sandy Baron and he had a brief stint with Bell Records in 1974, where he recorded a cover of Hall & Oates Shes Gone. In 1976, Rawls signed with Philadelphia International Records, where he had his greatest album success with the million-selling All Things in Time, subsequent albums, such as 1977s When You Hear Lou, Youve Heard It All yielded such hit singles as Lady Love
41.
Tavares (group)
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Tavares is an American R&B, funk, and soul music group, composed of five Cape Verdean-American brothers. Born and raised in Providence, Rhode Island, they would move to New Bedford. They were inducted into the Rhode Island Music Hall of Fame in 2014, Ralph — Ralph Edward Vierra Tavares Pooch — Arthur Paul Tavares Chubby — Antone Lee Tavares Butch — Feliciano Vierra Tavares, Jr. Tiny — Perry Lee Tavares The Tavares brothers, whose parents were of Cape Verde an descent, started performing in 1959 as Chubby, p-Funk keyboardist/architect Bernie Worrell briefly joined the group in 1968 while attending the New England Conservatory of Music. Chubby and The Turnpikes signed with Capitol Records in 1967 and had a couple of hit records including I Know The Inside Story in 1967. By 1973, they had changed their name to Tavares and scored their first R&B Top 10 hit with Check it Out and their first album included their brother Victor, who sang lead on Check it Out, but dropped out of the group shortly afterward. In 1974 Tavares had a #1 R&B hit with Hall & Oatess Shes Gone and they parlayed this success into a spot as an opening act for The Jackson 5. KC and The Sunshine Band was also on this tour, Minute was followed by a string of hits, Heaven Must Be Missing an Angel, Dont Take Away the Music, and Whodunit. In 1977 they also recorded I Wanna See You Soon, a duet with Capitol labelmate Freda Payne which received airplay on BBC Radio 1, Many of their hits, however, underplayed their R&B background and gave the group the image of being a disco act. This perception was reinforced by their appearance on the soundtrack to the film Saturday Night Fever in 1977, Tavares recorded the Bee Gees song More Than a Woman, and their version reached the Pop Top 40 that year. The soundtrack became one of the most successful in history, giving Tavares their only Grammy, later albums, such as Madam Butterfly and Supercharged, strayed from the disco format and were less successful on the pop chart. At the start of the 1980s, Tavares left Capitol Records and they had one last major hit, the ballad A Penny for Your Thoughts, for which they were nominated for a Grammy in 1982, their last major release was Words and Music in 1983. In 1984, Ralph stepped down from the group, Pooch took over as the noncommissioned business/booking agent for TAVARES from 1984-2014. Tiny left in the mid-1990s to pursue his career while the other three brothers continued to tour. Tiny rejoined the group in 2009, in 2014 Pooch suffered a devastating stroke and the business/booking for TAVARES was turned over to Oriola Mngmt LLC. Pooch believed in the family business TAVARES and loyally stayed true to it throughout his singing career and he thanks his brother Ralph for stepping in during his illness. Pooch has regained his health and opts for retirement leaving the fans with the image of his last performance. It Only Takes a Minute was later covered by British boy band Take That, becoming a Top 10 UK hit, Out of the Picture was sampled by 50 Cent in his 2003 song Many Men
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KQRS-FM
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KQRS-FM is a radio station in the Twin Cities region of Minnesota broadcasting a classic rock music format. The station is licensed to suburban Golden Valley, transmits from the KMSP-TV tower in Shoreview, the original call letters were KEVE-FM and the station was co-owned with sister AM station KEVE-AM. KEVE-AMs history predates the FM by 14 years, it launched in May,1948 and was owned by Family Broadcasting until mid-1956 and was known until at least then as KEYD, co-owned with KEYD-TV9. The KEYD Radio studios were located in downtown Minneapolis on 9th Street off of Hennepin Avenue practically next to the Orpheum Theater, calls were changed to KADM to complement its AM sister in October 1963. On December 1,1964, the letters for both radio stations became KQRS and the two stations changed from country music to a classical music format. The KEVE-AM studios had, by 1957, moved to its site in Golden Valley at 917 Lilac Drive. This location was the first studio and transmitter site for the station, the KQRS call sign stayed with the AM until 1982, when it switched to an oldies format as KGLD before returning to the simulcast and the KQRS calls less than two years later. In 1996, the AM was again split from the FM to become one of the first affiliates of Radio Disney, both stations were owned by Disney at the time. In early 2001, KQRS and KDIZ moved to studios and offices at 2000 Elm Street SE in Minneapolis, in the mid-1960s, KQRS programmed a Middle of the Road-format with big band music and Brazilian Bossa Nova music evenings. In addition to this format, Joe Pynes talk radio show was carried, in the summer of 1967, KQRS started experimenting with freeform rock in the late night hours with George Donaldson Fisher as DJ. This became very popular with college age listeners and in a few months the format began playing evenings too with DJ Alan Stone. A few months later, this became the primary format and this approach continued into 1986, with respectable, if not spectacular ratings, when KQRS signed a new consultant, Jacobs Media, and evolved into its present-day classic rock format. That, coupled with its popular morning show, elevated KQRS to the top of the ratings. The KQ92 Morning Show hosted by Tom Barnard was an element in KQs ascendance to the top spot. Barnard and the KQ Morning Show also were successful in holding the top rating spot when Howard Stern made his debut on the Twin Cities airwaves in 1997. Rival KXXR, then known as 93X, was purchased by then-owners Capital Cities-ABC in the Spring of 1994 and it primarily competed with the growing REV105, though KQRS owners purchased the three signals comprising it in 1997. With the three formats, Disney initially created what many in the industry refer to as the wall of rock. Its easy to say that Disney dominated rock music in the Twin Cities, KQRS had been programmed by award-winning programming veteran David Hamilton for over 25 years, until his retirement in December 2012
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