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Halogen bond
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In chemistry, a halogen bond (XB) occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with a halogen atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity. Like a hydrogen bond, the result is not a formal chemical bond, but rather a strong electrostatic attraction. Mathematically, the interaction can be decomposed in two terms: one describing an electrostatic, orbital-mixing charge-transfer and another describing electron-cloud dispersion. Halogen bonds find application in supramolecular chemistry; drug design and biochemistry; crystal engineering and liquid crystals; and organic catalysis.
Halogen bond in complex between iodine monochloride and trimethylamine.
Halogen bond in complex between iodine monochloride and trimethylamine.
The catalyst-monomer cocrystal. Units repeat every 5.25 Å and are oriented at 51.3˚.
The catalyst-monomer cocrystal. Units repeat every 5.25 Å and are oriented at 51.3˚.
Post-polymerization crystal structure: the oxygen atom (purple) forms a hydrogen bond (blue dashed line) and a weak halogen bond with the polymer's io
Post-polymerization crystal structure: the oxygen atom (purple) forms a hydrogen bond (blue dashed line) and a weak halogen bond with the polymer's iodine substituents. Iodine may also form a halogen bond with the terminal nitriles (red dashed line).
IDD 594 binding to human aldose reductase: a short Br−O halogen bond contributes to inhibitor potency.
IDD 594 binding to human aldose reductase: a short Br−O halogen bond contributes to inhibitor potency.
Crystal engineering
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Crystal engineering studies the design and synthesis of solid-state structures with desired properties through deliberate control of intermolecular interactions. It is an interdisciplinary academic field, bridging solid-state and supramolecular chemistry.
An example of crystal engineering using hydrogen bonding reported by Wuest and coworkers in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 4306–4322.
An example of crystal engineering using hydrogen bonding reported by Wuest and coworkers in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 4306–4322.
A five component crystal was designed by Desiraju and co workers by a rational retrosynthetic strategy (IUCrJ, 2016, 3, 96–101).
A five component crystal was designed by Desiraju and co workers by a rational retrosynthetic strategy (IUCrJ, 2016, 3, 96–101).
Br···O halogen bonds observed in crystal structure of 3D silsesquioxanes.
Br···O halogen bonds observed in crystal structure of 3D silsesquioxanes.