Hangzhou–Huangshan high-speed railway or Hanghuang HSR is a dual-track, electrified, high-speed rail line between Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and Huangshan, Anhui. The line runs 265 km (165 mi) through northwestern Zhejiang and southern Anhui and accommodates trains traveling at speeds up to 250 km/h (160 mph). Travel time from Hangzhou to Huangshan was reduced to about one and one-half hours. The line is the first rail link between the two cities and brings counties in mountainous southern Anhui closer to the Yangtze River Delta region. Construction began on June 30, 2014, and the line opened on December 25, 2018.

Huangshan, is a prefecture-level city in southern Anhui Province, People's Republic of China. Huangshan means Yellow Mountain in Chinese and the city is named after the famously scenic Yellow Mountains which cover much of the city's vast geographic expanse. The prefectural city of Huangshan includes three urban districts and four counties. The urban center of Huangshan was originally the city of Tunxi and is now called Tunxi District. Locals still call the city Tunxi to distinguish the urban core from other parts of Huangshan. The population of Huangshan City As of the end of 2021, the resident population of Huangshan City was 1.332 million, with an urbanization rate of 59.25%, an increase of 0.96 percentage points over the previous year. By the end of 2021, the household population of Huangshan City will be 1,485,700, with an urbanization rate of 37.82%, an increase of 1.66 percentage points.