Kuuhankavesi
Kuuhankavesi is a medium-sized lake of Finland. It is located in Central Finland region, it belongs to the Kymijoki main catchment area. List of lakes in Finland
Häädemeeste Parish
Häädemeeste is a municipality located in Pärnu County of Estonia. Nigula Nature Reserve is located in Häädemeeste Parish. Small borough Häädemeeste Villages Arumetsa, Jaagupi, Krundiküla, Massiaru, Nepste, Orajõe, Penu, Rannametsa, Sooküla, Treimani, Uuemaa, Võidu. Hankasalmi, Finland
Norway
Norway the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the kingdom. Norway lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres and a population of 5,312,300; the country shares a long eastern border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the Barents Sea. Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway. Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013. A unitary sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the parliament, the cabinet and the supreme court, as determined by the 1814 constitution; the kingdom was established in 872 as a merger of a large number of petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for 1,147 years.
From 1537 to 1814, Norway was a part of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway, from 1814 to 1905, it was in a personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden. Norway was neutral during the First World War. Norway remained neutral until April 1940 when the country was invaded and occupied by Germany until the end of Second World War. Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities; the Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with both the United States. Norway is a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty, the Nordic Council. Norway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, its values are rooted in egalitarian ideals; the Norwegian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, lumber and fresh water.
The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East; the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World IMF lists. On the CIA's GDP per capita list which includes autonomous territories and regions, Norway ranks as number eleven, it has the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, with a value of US$1 trillion. Norway has had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world since 2009, a position held between 2001 and 2006, it had the highest inequality-adjusted ranking until 2018 when Iceland moved to the top of the list. Norway ranked first on the World Happiness Report for 2017 and ranks first on the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity, the Democracy Index. Norway has one of the lowest crime rates in the world. Norway has two official names: Norge in Noreg in Nynorsk; the English name Norway comes from the Old English word Norþweg mentioned in 880, meaning "northern way" or "way leading to the north", how the Anglo-Saxons referred to the coastline of Atlantic Norway similar to scientific consensus about the origin of the Norwegian language name.
The Anglo-Saxons of Britain referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. There is some disagreement about whether the native name of Norway had the same etymology as the English form. According to the traditional dominant view, the first component was norðr, a cognate of English north, so the full name was Norðr vegr, "the way northwards", referring to the sailing route along the Norwegian coast, contrasting with suðrvegar "southern way" for, austrvegr "eastern way" for the Baltic. In the translation of Orosius for Alfred, the name is Norðweg, while in younger Old English sources the ð is gone. In the 10th century many Norsemen settled in Northern France, according to the sagas, in the area, called Normandy from norðmann, although not a Norwegian possession. In France normanni or northmanni referred to people of Sweden or Denmark; until around 1800 inhabitants of Western Norway where referred to as nordmenn while inhabitants of Eastern Norway where referred to as austmenn. According to another theory, the first component was a word nór, meaning "narrow" or "northern", referring to the inner-archipelago sailing route through the land.
The interpretation as "northern", as reflected in the English and Latin forms of the name, would have been due to folk etymology. This latter view originated with philologist Niels Halvorsen Trønnes in 1847; the form Nore is still used in placenames such as the village of Nore and lake Norefjorden in Buskerud county, still has the same meaning. Among other arguments in favour of the theor
Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority, that the recipient admits a limited status within the relationship, it is within that sense that charters were granted, that sense is retained in modern usage of the term; the word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, from Greek χάρτης. It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of privileges; the term is used for a special case to an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules and statutes from a state school. Charter is sometimes used as a synonym for "tool" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus or boat or plane by an organization, intended for a similar group destination. A charter member of an organization is an original member. Anglo-Saxon charters are documents from the early medieval period in Britain which make a grant of land or record a privilege.
They are written on parchment, in Latin but with sections in the vernacular, describing the bounds of estates, which correspond to modern parish boundaries. The earliest surviving charters were drawn up in the 670s; the British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc. by the British crown." Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant. A congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code. A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including cities, towns, charter townships and boroughs.
Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. This event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter. Charters for chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. In project management, a project charter or project definition is a statement of the scope and participants in a project, it provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project objectives, identifies the main stakeholders, defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for the future of the project. In medieval Europe, royal charters were used to create cities; the date that such a charter was granted is considered to be when a city was "founded", regardless of when the locality began to be settled. At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means are now used instead.
A charter of "Inspeximus" is a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation was recited and incorporated into a new charter in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses. Articles of Incorporation Atlantic Charter Charter Roll Charter school Chartered company Earth Charter Freedom Charter Fueros General incorporation law Magna Carta Medieval Bulgarian royal charters Papal Bull United Nations Charter
Mjölby
Mjölby is a city and the seat of Mjölby Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 12,245 inhabitants in 2010. Mjölby is located by the rivulet Svartån; the name "Mjölby" is derived from "Mölloby", which comes from mylna or mölna—meaning "mill". Due to the rapids of Svartån and the fertile soils of the surrounding plains, Mjölby is a natural place for a mill; the following sports clubs are located in Mjölby: Mjölby AI FF Mjölby HC Mjölby Södra IF Mjölby Turabdin FC Hankasalmi, Finland Media related to Mjölby at Wikimedia Commons
Konnevesi
Konnevesi is a municipality of Finland. It is part of the Central Finland region; the municipality has a population of 2,686 and covers an area of 680.85 square kilometres of which 167.95 km2 is water. There are all together 100 lakes in Konnevesi; the biggest lakes are Lake Konnevesi and Liesvesi. The population density is 5.24 inhabitants per square kilometre. Neighbouring municipalities are Hankasalmi, Rautalampi, Vesanto and Äänekoski; the municipality is unilingually Finnish. Hänniskylä, Hytölä, Istunmäki, Kärkkäiskylä, Lummukka, Mäkäräniemi, Pyhälahti, Rossinkylä, Sirkkamäki, Särkisalo, Lahdenkylä, Pyydyskylä, Leskelänkylä, Jouhtikylä and Tankolampi. Juha Karjalainen, former soccer player Miika Lahti, ice hockey player Media related to Konnevesi at Wikimedia Commons Municipality of Konnevesi – Official website
Laukaa
Laukaa is a municipality of Finland. It is part of the Central Finland region; the municipality has a population of 18,899 and covers an area of 825.59 square kilometres of which 177.09 km2 is water. The population density is 29.14 inhabitants per square kilometre. Laukaa's neighbouring municipalities are Hankasalmi, Jyväskylä, Toivakka, Uurainen and Äänekoski; the municipality is unilingually Finnish. There are all together 129 lakes in Laukaa. Biggest lakes in Laukaa are Lievestuoreenjärvi, Leppävesi and Lake Uurainen. Lankamaa, Leppävesi, Metsolahti, Simuna, Tiituspohja, Vehniä, Vihtavuori and Äijälä. Saraakallio, the largest Stone Age rock painting site of Fennoscandia is located in Laukaa; the paintings consists of over 100 figures. The oldest paintings are about 6 600 years old; the most common themes in Saraakallio paintings are deer and boat figures. Saraakallio rock paintings are made by using red paint, made of hematite-containing soil mixed with blood and eggs. Three of the five locks on the Keitele Canal are located in Laukaa.
The canal route combines Lake Keitele. The canal route was finished in 1994, its original purpose was serving log floating. Nowadays the route is used by inland boaters; the construction of the canal was executed by the Russian Zarubezhtransstroi Company on a "turn key" basis in 1990-1994. The total length of the Keitele-Paijanne canal is 48 km out. Rest of the route follows river's natural water flow. Kuusankoski and Kapeenkoski are famous recreational fishing places; the local theatre, Kuusan Kanavateatteri, Kuusa Canal Theatre, is active all year round giving performances in the restored building dating from the year 1914. In summer the Kuusa Canal forms a unique backdrop setting for the outdoor stage; the seating area is covered with a canopy. Laukaa Museum Village, Kalluntalo, is an open-air museum located in the centre of Laukaa, on the southern hillside of the Laukaa church; the premises of the open-air museum include a croft, a main residential building from the 18th century, six other wooden folk buildings from the Laukaa area.
Hartikka Stone Age Residential Area is located in 10 km from the centre of Laukaa. The items found in the area in graves, are estimated to be from the time period of 6000 to 4000 B. C. and indicate. One of the oldest church sites and graveyards in Central Finland, Hartikan kirkkomaa, is located right next to the Stone Age residential area of Hartikka. Croft of Hartikka, Hartikan Torppa, a home museum at Laukkavirta Village. Dugout Museum, Korsumuseo, in Peurunka. Kankaanpää Home Museum at Laukaan Asemankylä; the museum buildings and items on display are from the 19th century farm house residence. The following places are twinned with Laukaa: Modum, Norway Stevns Municipality, Denmark Östra Göinge Municipality, Sweden Pereslavl-Zalessky, Russia Rõngu Parish, Estonia Oskar Kaipio Hannes Valkama Jalmari Kovanen August Koskinen Juho Peura Aapo Harjula Otto Wille Kuusinen Hilda Hannunen Atte Muhonen Lauri Kaijalainen Asser Salo Paavo Vesterinen Sirkka Lekman Juha Kankkunen Ville Tuppurainen Media related to Laukaa at Wikimedia Commons Municipality of Laukaa – Official website
Finland
Häädemeeste Parish, Estonia[8]
Hohenhameln, Germany[9]
Mjölby, Sweden[10]
Karmøy, Norway[11]
Media related to Hankasalmi at Wikimedia Commons
