1.
Hans Christian Andersen
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Hans Christian Andersen (/ˈhɑːnz ˈkrɪstʃən ˈændərsən/, Danish, often referred to in Scandinavia as H. C. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, Andersens popularity is not limited to children, his stories, called eventyr in Danish, express themes that transcend age and nationality. Some of his most famous fairy tales include The Emperors New Clothes, The Little Mermaid, The Nightingale, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling, Thumbelina and his stories have inspired ballets, animated and live-action films and plays. Hans Christian Andersen was born in the town of Odense, Denmark, Andersens father, also Hans, considered himself related to nobility. His paternal grandmother had told his father that their family had in the past belonged to a social class. A persistent theory suggests that Andersen was a son of King Christian VIII. Andersens father, who had received an education, introduced Andersen to literature. Andersens mother, Anne Marie Andersdatter, was uneducated and worked as a washerwoman following his fathers death in 1816, she remarried in 1818. Andersen was sent to a school for poor children where he received a basic education and was forced to support himself, working as an apprentice for a weaver and, later. At 14, he moved to Copenhagen to seek employment as an actor, having an excellent soprano voice, he was accepted into the Royal Danish Theatre, but his voice soon changed. A colleague at the theatre told him that he considered Andersen a poet, taking the suggestion seriously, Andersen began to focus on writing. Jonas Collin, director of the Royal Danish Theatre, felt a great affection for Andersen and sent him to a school in Slagelse. Andersen had already published his first story, The Ghost at Palnatokes Grave, though not a keen pupil, he also attended school at Elsinore until 1827. He later said his years in school were the darkest and most bitter of his life, at one school, he lived at his schoolmasters home. There he was abused and was told that it was to improve his character and he later said the faculty had discouraged him from writing in general, causing him to enter a state of depression. A very early fairy tale by Andersen, called The Tallow Candle, was discovered in a Danish archive in October 2012, the story, written in the 1820s, was about a candle who did not feel appreciated. It was written while Andersen was still in school and dedicated to a benefactor, in 1829, Andersen enjoyed considerable success with the short story A Journey on Foot from Holmens Canal to the East Point of Amager. Its protagonist meets characters ranging from Saint Peter to a talking cat, Andersen followed this success with a theatrical piece, Love on St. Nicholas Church Tower, and a short volume of poems
2.
Odense
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Odense is the third-largest city in Denmark. It has a population of 175,245 as of January 2016, by road, Odense is located 45 kilometres north of Svendborg,144 kilometres to the south of Aarhus and 167 kilometres to the southwest of Copenhagen. Odense has close associations with Hans Christian Andersen who is remembered above all for his fairy tales and he was born in the city in 1805 and spent his childhood years there. There has been settlement in the Odense area for over 4,000 years, although the name was not mentioned in writing until 988. Canute IV of Denmark, generally considered to be the last Viking king, was murdered by peasants in Odenses St Albans Priory on 10 July 1086. Although the city was burned in 1249 following a royal rivalry, in 1865, one of the largest railway terminals in Denmark was built, further increasing the population and commerce, and by 1900, Odense had reached a population of 35,000. Odenses Odinstårnet was one of the tallest towers in Europe when built in 1935 but was destroyed by the Nazis during World War II, the University of Southern Denmark was established in 1966. In the present day, Odense remains the hub of Funen. Several major industries are located in the city including the Albani Brewery and GASA, Denmarks major dealer in vegetables, fruits and flowers. In sports, Odense has a number of clubs including OB, BM, B1909, and B1913, the Odense Bulldogs professional ice hockey team. Odense is served by Hans Christian Andersen Airport and Odense station, Odense is one of Denmarks oldest cities. Archaeological excavations in the vicinity show proof of settlement for over 4,000 years since at least the Stone Age, the earliest community was centred on the higher ground between the Odense River to the south and Naesbyhoved Lake to the north. Nonnebakken, one of Denmarks former Viking ring fortresses, lay to the south of the river, today, Odenses Møntergården Museum has many artefacts related to the early Viking history in the Odense area. The Vikings built numerous fortifications along the banks to defend it against invaders coming in from the coast. The first church in Odense appears to have been St Marys, the territory, previously part of the vast Archbishopric of Hamburg, was created a Catholic diocese in 988. The first recorded bishops of Odense were Odinkar Hvide and Reginbert, recent excavations have shown that from the early 11th century, the town developed in the area around Albani Torv, Fisketorvet, Overgade and Vestergade. By 1070, Odense had already grown into a city of stature in Denmark, the priory no longer exists, although a church has been situated on the site since about 900. At the beginning of the 12th century, Benedictine monks from England founded St Canutes Abbey and it was here the English monk Ælnoth wrote Denmarks first literary work, Vita et Passio S. Canuti
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Denmark
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The term Danish Realm refers to the relationship between Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland—three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark. The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a sovereign state. The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 when the Kalmar Union was ratified, legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution. Beginning in 1953, state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm, a less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is the Commonwealth of the Realm. In 1978, The Unity of The Realm was for the first time referred to as rigsfællesskabet. The name caught on and since the 1990s, both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet in daily parlance. The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government, the Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received self rule, the Danish Realms unique state of internal affairs is acted out in the principle of The Unity of the Realm. This principle is derived from Article 1 of the Danish Constitution which specifies that constitutional law applies equally to all areas of the Danish Realm, the Constitutional Act specifies that sovereignty is to continue to be exclusively with the authorities of the Realm. The language of Denmark is Danish, and the Danish state authorities are based in Denmark, the Kingdom of Denmarks parliament, with its 179 members, is located in the capital, Copenhagen. Two of the members are elected in each of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Government ministries are located in Copenhagen, as is the highest court, in principle, the Danish Realm constitutes a unified sovereign state, with equal status between its constituent parts. Devolution differs from federalism in that the powers of the subnational authority ultimately reside in central government. The Self-Government Arrangements devolves political competence and responsibility from the Danish political authorities to the Faroese, the Faroese and Greenlandic authorities administer the tasks taken over from the state, enact legislation in these specific fields and have the economic responsibility for solving these tasks. The Danish government provides a grant to the Faroese and the Greenlandic authorities to cover the costs of these devolved areas. The 1948 Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands sets out the terms of Faroese home rule, the Act states. the Faroe Islands shall constitute a self-governing community within the State of Denmark. It establishes the government of the Faroe Islands and the Faroese parliament. The Faroe Islands were previously administered as a Danish county, the Home Rule Act abolished the post of Amtmand and these powers were expanded in a 2005 Act, which named the Faroese home government as an equal partner with the Danish government
4.
Hans Christian Andersen bibliography
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This is a list of published works by Hans Christian Andersen. The list has been supplemented with a few important posthumous editions of his works, ungdoms-Forsøg by Villiam Christian Walter, published at the authors expense,1822. This is Andersens first fairy tale, written while he was still in school, bunkeflod, one of his early benefactors. Fodreise fra Holmens Canal til Østpynten af Amager i Aarene 1828 og 1829, kjærlighed paa Nicolai Taarn eller Hvad siger Parterret. Digte, published at the expense,1830. Phantasier og Skizzer, published at the expense,1831. Skyggebilleder af en Reise til Harzen, det sachsiske Schweiz etc. etc, skibet, a vaudeville in one act - based on Scribes and Mazeres La Quarantaine), C. A. Original romantic ballad opera in four acts, F. Prinzlau Publishers, magic opera in three acts, Schubothske Boghandel, Copenhagen,1832. Aarets tolv Maaneder, Tegnede med Blæk og Pen, C. A, drama in two acts, a free translation of Bayards La reine de seize ans, Schubothske Boghandel, appeared as no.47 of Det Kongelige Theaters Repertoire, 2nd part,1833. Published at the expense,1834. Sangene i Festen paa Kenilworth, an opera in three acts, C. A. Original dramatisk Digtning i to Afdelinger, - Første Afdeling, Spanierne i Odense. Anden Afdeling, Fem og tyve Aar derefter, schubothe Publishers, appeared as no.76 of Det Kongelige Theaters Repertoire, 4th part,1836. Original novel in two parts, C. A, dramatic joke in one act, with choruses and songs), Schubothes Boghandling, appeared as no.113 of Det Kongelige Theaters Repertoire, 5th part,1839. A Picture Book without Pictures, C. A, original romantic drama, published at the authors expense,1840. En Comedie i det Grønne, Vaudeville i een Akt efter det gamle Lystspil, Skuespilleren imod sin Villie, original romantic drama in one act. - Anden Samling, Grantræet - Sneedronningen, C. A, magic comedy in two acts, C. A. Liden Kirsten, original romantic ballad opera in one act, published at the expense,1846
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Fairy Tales Told for Children. First Collection.
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First Collection. is a collection of nine fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen. The tales were published in a series of three installments by C. A. Reitzel in Copenhagen, Denmark between May 1835 and April 1837, and represent Andersens first venture into the fairy tale genre. The first installment of sixty-one unbound pages was published 8 May 1835 and contained The Tinderbox, Little Claus and Big Claus, The Princess and the Pea, Reitzel paid Andersen thirty rixdollars for the manuscript, and the booklet was priced at twenty-four shillings. The second booklet was published on 16 December 1835 and contained “Thumbelina”, “The Naughty Boy”, “Thumbelina” was completely Andersen’s invention though inspired by “Tom Thumb“ and other stories of miniature people. “The Naughty Boy” was based on a poem by Anacreon about Cupid, the third booklet contained The Little Mermaid and The Emperor’s New Clothes, and was published 7 April 1837. The Little Mermaid was completely Andersen’s creation though influenced by de la Motte Fouqués Undine, the tale established his international reputation. The only other tale in the booklet was The Emperors New Clothes which was based on a Medieval Spanish story with Arab. On the eve of the third installments publication, Andersen changed the end of his tale to its now familiar finale of a calling out. Danish reviews for the first two appeared in 1836 and were not enthusiastic. Critics disliked the chatty, informal style and an immorality that flew in the face of their expectations that children’s literature was meant to educate rather than amuse, the critics discouraged Andersen from pursuing the genre. Andersen believed he was working against the critics’ preconceived notions about fairy tales, the critical reaction was so severe, he waited a full year before publishing the third installment. The nine tales of the three booklets were collected together and published in one volume and sold at seventy-two shillings, a title page, a table of contents, and a preface by Andersen were published in the volume. The Hans Christian Andersen Center, A website devoted to Andersens life and works maintained by The University of Southern Denmark
6.
Fairy Tales Told for Children (1838)
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First Booklet is a collection of three fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen published in Copenhagen, Denmark by C. A. Reitzel on 2 October 1838. The collection consists of The Daisy, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, the Daisy tells of happy little daisy who is taken up with a plot of earth to line the bottom of a bird cage where a lark is held captive. When he dies and is given a funeral by the children, she is cast into the road. She alone loved the lark, took joy in his song, the Steadfast Tin Soldier is the story of a tin soldier who loves a paper ballerina. He falls from the window, and, after sailing in a paper boat down a storm drain, is swallowed by a fish. Eventually he is returned to the table where still stands the ballerina. A boy throws the soldier into the fire and a draught carries the ballerina to his side and they perish together, he is melted into a tin heart. In The Wild Swans, a princess mutely undergoes the most dreadful trials in order to free her brothers from a spell cast by an evil queen. When suspicions are aroused that she is a witch, she is sentenced to death, able then to speak, she tells her story and the king marries her. The collection consists of nine tales that includes The Tinderbox, The Princess and the Pea, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, Andersen returned to the fairy tale genre in 1838 with another collection which, most importantly, included one tale that would change the genre forever and ever. The Steadfast Tin Soldier has been adapted to dramatic representation at least twice, ballets have been composed upon the subject by Bournonville and Balanchine, and the tale has been the basis of a segment in a Disney animated film. Hans Christian Andersen, Eventyr, fortalte for Børn, Hans Christian Andersen Centre, University of Southern Denmark. Archived from the original on 4 July 2013, New York and London, W. W. Norton & Company. Hans Christian Andersen, The Life of a Storyteller, english translation by Jean Hersholt “The Steadfast Tin Solder“. English translation by Jean Hersholt The Wild Swans
7.
New Fairy Tales (1844)
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New Fairy Tales is a collection of four fairy tales written by Hans Christian Andersen and published by C. A. Reitzel in Copenhagen, Denmark on 10 November 1843. As was customary at the time however, the page is dated 1844. The tales are completely Andersens invention, owe no debt to folk or fairy lore, the collection was received enthusiastically by the Danish critics and public and became Andersens break-through in the fairy tale genre. The Nightingale and The Ugly Duckling have been adapted to various forms of drama, all the tales are Andersens invention and the collection is the most autobiographical of his many works in the fairy tale genre. Andersen himself is the heroes and heroines in the collections tales – the awkward duckling, the nightingale. The Angel tells of a child and an angel gathering flowers for Heaven. In a poverty-ridden section of the city, the angel retrieves a lily from a trash heap, the angel reveals he was that child. The tale suited the taste of the times and was wildly popular, the angel and child were depicted in a print that sold millions of copies. In The Nightingale, the Emperor of China enjoys the songs of both a real nightingale and a mechanical bird, when the mechanical bird breaks down and the Emperor is close to death, the real nightingales song restores his health. The tales Chinese setting was inspired by the recently opened Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen. The tale was completed in 24 hours on 12 October 1843, the Nightingale sets out in fairy tale form Andersens artistic manifesto, naturalness and simplicity triumphing over artifice and reason. The tale is a variation on his earlier The Swineherd, the Sweethearts, or, The Top and the Ball tells of the unrequited love suffered by a mahogany top for a leather ball. When the top discovers the ball years later lying in the faded and dirty. The tale is based on Andersens youthful passion for lovely Riborg Voight. He met her again in 1843 when she had become a frumpy, the tale is sometimes viewed as a counterpiece to The Nightingale in its ushering out of an old love and the welcoming in of a new one. In The Ugly Duckling, an awkward and ungainly bird is ostracized by his fellows and wanders alone and unhappy until, to everyones surprise, he matures into a swan. Andersen spent more than a writing the tale, and, at one time. The tale celebrates the cherished romantic view of genius over background, of Andersens many tales of transformation, The Ugly Duckling has gained the greatest universal appeal
8.
The Angel (fairy tale)
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The Angel is a literary fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen about an angel and a dead child gathering flowers to carry to Heaven. The tale was first published with three others in New Fairy Tales by C. A, the four tales were received by the Danish critics with great acclaim. A print depicting the angel and child became very popular, when the tale opens, a child has died, and an angel is escorting him to Heaven. They wander over the earth for a while, visiting well-known places, along the way they gather flowers to transplant into the gardens of Heaven. The angel takes the child to an area where a dead field lily lies in a trash heap. The angel salvages the flower explaining that it had cheered a crippled boy before he died, the poet had an unshakable faith that a whole new existence awaited him once his spirit left his earthly frame at the appropriate time. Andersen regarded God as a release for those suffering and a new chance for those who have failed, God was an optimistic and promising beginning for Andersen. The tale is completely Andersens invention, and may have motivated by the death of the eldest daughter of his friends, Edvard. The theme of a child transformed into an angel had possessed Andersen since the completion of his poem The Dying Child, according to Gustav Hetsch, the story is one of three Anderson stories to have been inspired by Jenny Lind. The Angel was first published in Copenhagen on 11 November 1843 by C. A. Reitzel in the first volume of the first collection of New Fairy Tales, the first edition of 850 was sold out by December 18, and Reitzel planned publication of another 850. The Angel was the first tale in the volume that included The Nightingale, The Sweethearts, or, The Top and the Ball, the tale was republished 18 December 1849 in Fairy Tales and again on 15 December 1862 in Fairy Tales and Stories. Wullschlager describes The Angel as a genre picture that suited the taste of the times. A print made from an illustration of the tale by the German artist Wilhelm von Kaulbach was widely popular, Andersen once found the print in Portugal, a country in which he was relatively unknown. New Fairy Tales was a break-through for Andersen who, until its publication, had generally received vigorous condemnation from the Danish critics for his venture into the fairy tale genre, reviews for the collection however were ecstatic. Hans Christian Andersen, A New Life, New York, Woodstock, and London, Overlook Duckworth. Hans Christian Andersen, The Life of a Storyteller, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press
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The Elf Mound
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The Elf Mound is a literary fairy tale by Danish poet and author Hans Christian Andersen. The tale is about a feast held in an elf mound for the Goblin Chief of Norway, the tale was published in Copenhagen, Denmark by C. A. Two lizards scramble about the entrance to the Elf Mound, commenting on the hustle and bustle within and they have heard the elf maidens are practicing new dances and both wonder the reason why. An old maid elf hurries out and summons a raven to deliver invitations to an important event, the elf maidens begin their misty dances. The dishes for the festivities include skewered frogs, fungus salad made of mushroom seed. The feast is held and the two sons prove rowdy and boisterous, the elf maidens are paraded as potential brides, declaiming their most notable talents. The Goblin Chief is so delighted he chooses one for his wife, dawn approaches, and the old maid elf wants to close the shutters. The two sons of the Goblin King hurry outside to continue their tomfoolery and horseplay, leaving without selecting brides, the tale was first published by C. A. Reitzel in Copenhagen, Denmark on 7 April 1845 in New Fairy Tales, the Elf Mound was the first tale in the collection that included The Red Shoes, The Jumpers, The Shepherdess and the Chimney Sweep, and Holger the Dane. The tale was republished 18–December 1849 as a part of Fairy Tales,1850. and again 30 March 1863 as a part of Fairy Tales and Stories. The tale has since been published in languages around the world. The most notable reference to the story is the Norwegian stage play Peer Gynt in which the Mountain King, is modeled on the Norwegian troll king in Andersens tale. Henrik Ibsen was allegedly inspired by Andersen at the time, the Dutch composer Johan Wagenaar has composed a Elverhoi-ouverture Op.48. List of works by Hans Christian Andersen The Elf Mound English translation by Jean Hersholt Elverhøi Original Danish text Elverhøi Original manuscript
