1.
Daniel Clowes
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Daniel Gillespie Clowes is an American cartoonist, graphic novelist, illustrator, and screenwriter. Most of Clowess work first appeared in Eightball, an anthology comic book series. Clowes’s illustrations have appeared in The New Yorker, Newsweek, Vogue, The Village Voice, with filmmaker Terry Zwigoff, Clowes adapted Ghost World into a 2001 film and another Eightball story into the 2006 film, Art School Confidential. Clowes was born in Chicago, Illinois, to an auto mechanic mother and his mother was Jewish and his father was from a reserved WASPish Pennsylvania family, Clowes’s upbringing was not religious. In 1979, he finished school at the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools and attended the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York. Later, he received piles of 1950s and 1960s classic titles like Archie and The Fantastic Four from his older brother, Clowes and writer Mort Todd co-created a recurring Cracked feature titled The Uggly Family. In 1985, Clowes drew the first comic to feature his character Lloyd Llewellyn and he sent the story to Fantagraphics Gary Groth, and his work soon appeared in the Hernandez brothers Love and Rockets #13. Fantagraphics published six magazine-sized, black and white issues of Lloyd Llewellyn in 1986 and 1987, and The All-New Lloyd Llewellyn, in 1989, Fantagraphics published the first issue of Clowes’s comic book Eightball. On issue #1s masthead, Clowes described the anthology as An Orgy of Spite, Vengeance, Hopelessness, Despair, Eightball lasted twenty three issues, ending in 2004. One of the most widely acclaimed American alternative comics, it won two dozen awards, and all of Clowess Eightball serials have been collected and released as graphic novels. From #1 to #18, an Eightball issue typically contained short pieces that ranged in genre from comical rant and Freudian analysis to fairy tale and cultural criticism. These issues also featured a chapter of a serial that Clowes later collected as a novel, Like a Velvet Glove Cast in Iron, Pussey. With #19, Clowes abandoned the anthology format, the oversized black and white issues #19–21 each contained a single act of Clowess three-act David Boring, which was released as a graphic novel in 2000. Clowes again changed format with #22, the first full-color Eightball, #22 included a single graphic novel-length story Ice Haven. The final issue, #23 was a full-color, single-story comic The Death-Ray released in 2004 and he designed the labels mascot, Punky, who appeared on T-shirts, paddle-balls, watches, and other merchandise. In 1994, Clowes created art for the Ramones video I Dont Want to Grow Up, after Eightball ended in 2004, Clowes began to release full-color graphic novels, beginning in 2005 with Ice Haven, a revised version of the comic that appeared in Eightball #22. In 2010 Drawn and Quarterly published Wilson, Clowes’s first graphic novel that had not been serialized in Eightball,2011 also saw the Drawn and Quarterly hardcover release of The Death-Ray, which first appeared in Eightball #23. During this period, Clowes drew the first of several New Yorker covers and contributed comics to Zadie Smith’s The Book of Other People, in 2006, after a health crisis, Clowes underwent open-heart surgery
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Todd Solondz
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Todd Solondz is an American independent film screenwriter and director known for his style of dark, thought-provoking, socially conscious satire. Solondz has been acclaimed for his examination of the dark underbelly of middle class American suburbia. His work includes Welcome to the Dollhouse, Happiness, Storytelling, Palindromes, Life During Wartime, Solondz was born in Newark, New Jersey. Solondz wrote several screenplays while working as a boy for the Writers Guild of America. Solondz earned his degree in English from Yale and attended New York Universitys Graduate MFA Program in film and television. In his film Happiness, the character Joy finds a similar experience to be traumatic and it leads her to be more sympathetic to workers strikes. Clubs article Is There a God and he answered the question Well, me, Im an atheist, so I dont really believe there is. But I suppose I could be proven wrong, one of Solondzs short films, Schatts Last Shot, was made in 1985. The title character is a high schooler who wants to get into Stanford, the teacher fails him because he cannot make a shot in basketball. He has no luck with the girl of his dreams, but he wishes he was more like the coach, in 1989 Solondz wrote and directed Fear, Anxiety & Depression, an episodic comedy about fledgling playwright Ira and his frustrating interactions with the opposite sex. The film contains several musical interludes, including three written for the film. Stanley Tucci appears in one of his earliest roles as an old, disliked acquaintance of Iras, the frustrations of his first feature led Solondz to swear off further involvement with the industry. More than five years later, an attorney friend urged Solondz to give filmmaking another go, the end result was 1995s Welcome to the Dollhouse, which went on to win the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival. The dark comedy follows the travails of Dawn Wiener, a bespectacled, toothy and it was distinct from most earlier films about adolescent abuse due to its complex characterization. The film was a success among critics, and a moderate success at the box office. It was a hit, with screenings all over the world. Solondzs next piece was Happiness, a controversial film due to the themes explored in it. After the original distributor October Films dropped it, the film was distributed by Good Machine Releasing, the movie received numerous awards, including International Critics Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, and yielded strong critical praise for Solondz
3.
James Schamus
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Schamus was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Clarita Karlin and Julian John Schamus, and was raised in Los Angeles. He is married to writer Nancy Kricorian, with whom he has two children and his output includes writing or co-writing The Ice Storm, Eat, Drink, Man, Woman and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, and producing Brokeback Mountain and the upcoming Alone in Berlin. At Focus he oversaw the production and distribution of Lost in Translation, Milk, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Coraline and he is Professor of Professional Practice in Columbia University’s School of the Arts, where he teaches film history and theory. He has also taught at Yale University and at Rutgers University and he is the author of Carl Theodor Dreyers Gertrud, The Moving Word, published by the University of Washington Press. He earned his BA, MA, and Ph. D. in English from University of California, Schamus made his feature directorial debut with Indignation, an adaptation of Philip Roths novel of the same name. Schamus also wrote the script for the film, which stars Logan Lerman, Sarah Gadon, and Tracy Letts, the film premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival, and was theatrically released by Roadside Attractions on July 29,2016. Schamus participates as a member of the Jury for the NYICFF and he was president of the jury for the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. Gladys Borchers Lecturer, University of Wisconsin,1998, Carl Theodor Dryer’s Gertrud, The Moving Word. Seattle, University of Washington Press,2008, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Portrait of the Ang Lee Film. Two Films By Ang Lee, Eat Drink Man Woman and The Wedding Banquet, New York, The Overlook Press,1994. 23 Fragments on the Future of Cinema, Filmmaker, Winter 2015, Hollywood is Not American, The Hollywood Reporter, October 17,2014. James Schamus Reveals Secrets of the Oscar Voting System, Variety, musts, Maybes, and Nevers, A Book About The Movies. See Here Now, Festival Red Carpets and the Cost of Film Culture, in Coming Soon to a Festival Near You, Programming Film Festivals, scotland, UK, St. Andrews Film Books,2012. Raul Ruiz Remembered by James Schamus, Filmmaker, August 19,2011, the Apartment, The New York Times, November 4,2007. Next Year in Munich, Masculinity, Zionism and Diaspora in Spielberg’s Epic, Representations, Fall 2007, ‘Brokeback Mountain’, An Exchange, The New York Review of Books, April 6,2006. Aesthetic Identities, A Response to Kenneth Chan and Christina Klein, Cinema Journal, Summer 2004, Volume 43, rites of Realism, Essays on Corporeal Cinema, Ivone Margulies, ed. Duke UP,2003. Sing to Us, Muse, of the Rage of the Hulk, The New York Times, the End of Cinema As We Know It, American Film in the Nineties, Jon Lewis, ed. NYU Press,2002. Fragments Towards an Introduction to Elia Suliemans Chronicles,16 Fragments on Auteur Theory, or Sarriss Revenge
4.
Elizabeth Ashley
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Elizabeth Ashley is an American actress of theatre, film, and television. She has been nominated for three Tony Awards, winning once in 1962 for Take Her, Shes Mine, Ashley was also nominated for the BAFTA and Golden Globe awards for her performance in The Carpetbaggers, and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1991 for Evening Shade. Elizabeth was a guest on the Tonight Show with Johnny Carson 24 times, Ashley was born Elizabeth Ann Cole in Ocala, Florida, to Lucille and Arthur Kingman Cole, and raised in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. She received Tony nominations for both performances and she appeared on Broadway as Dr. Livingstone in Agnes of God and was a replacement in the role of Mattie Fae during the original Broadway run of August, Osage County. She has been featured in motion pictures over five decades, including early roles in The Carpetbaggers, Ship of Fools. Her other film credits include The Marriage of a Young Stockbroker, Rancho Deluxe, Coma, Paternity, Dragnet and Vampires Kiss and her most recent film roles were as Diane Freed in Happiness, and as Marg in the 2007 film The Cake Eaters. Having earlier appeared with Burt Reynolds in Paternity in 1981 and as a guest star in his television series B. L, stryker in 1989, Ashley became a cast member of Reynolds next television series, Evening Shade, from 1990–1994 as Aunt Frieda Evans. In 1991, this garnered her an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She was originally supposed to appear in the 1995 movie Mallrats, playing the Governor of New Jersey, however, owing to timing issues and her other television appearances include the 1987 miniseries The Two Mrs. She was also featured in 14 episodes of the HBO series Treme as Aunt Mimi, Ashleys autobiography, entitled Actress, Postcards from the Road, was published in a hardcover edition on June 1,1978 by M. Evans & Co. A paperback publication followed on October 12,1979 through Fawcett, thrice divorced, Ashleys first and second husbands were actors James Farentino and George Peppard. The latter was her man in her first movie, The Carpetbaggers
5.
Dylan Baker
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Dylan Baker is an American actor, known for playing supporting roles in both major studio and independent films along with regular work in television and on stage. Baker was born in Syracuse, New York, but was raised in Lynchburg and he began his acting career as a teenager in regional theater productions. He attended Holy Cross Regional Catholic School and then went on to attend Darlington School, Baker attended the College of William and Mary in Virginia and later graduated from Southern Methodist University in 1980. Baker then received a Masters in Fine Arts from the Yale School of Drama, bakers Broadway theatre credits include Eastern Standard, La Bête, Mauritius, and God of Carnage. He won an Obie Award in 1986 for his performance in the off-Broadway play Not About Heroes, the next year, he made his motion picture debut in the 1987 film Planes, Trains and Automobiles. Bakers first recurring TV role was on Steven Bochcos highly acclaimed Murder One and he garnered major critical attention in 1998 with his performance as a tormented pedophile in Todd Solondzs Happiness. He also gained notice for his portrayal of Dr. Curt Connors in Spider-Man 2, in 2000, he portrayed Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara in Thirteen Days, a historical drama about the Cuban Missile Crisis. He also held a role in Requiem for a Dream. In 2002 he portrayed Alexander Rance, an accountant for the Chicago Outfit, during the short-lived 2007 series Drive, Baker played the role of John Trimble, a father suffering from a terminal illness. In 2009, Baker played William Cross in NBCs Kings, in which his wife Becky Ann Baker played Jessie Shepherd, Baker also guest starred in an episode of Monk, playing a theater critic in Mr. Monk and the Critic. Baker guest starred in the November 2010 House episode A Pox on Our House, Baker guest starred in the season four finale of Burn Notice as Raines, an old spy friend of Michaels. He reprised the role in the season five premiere, and also permitted his likeness to be used in the Burn Notice graphic novel A New Day, in 2010, Baker played Hollis B. Baker played Pashto-speaking CIA agent Jerry Boorman in season 4 of Damages and he appeared in the USA Network miniseries Political Animals which aired in summer 2012. For his performance as Colin Sweeney on The Good Wife, he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series in 2010,2012, in November 2014 it was announced that Baker will join Helen Mirren on Broadway in The Audience. The play depicts meetings between Queen Elizabeth II and important historical figures, Baker will play former Prime Minister John Major. The play opened on March 8,2015, Dylan garnered the 2002 Audie Award for Abridged Fiction for his reading of The Corrections by Jonathan Franzen. Baker has also recorded Jonathan Franzens latest novel, in 1990, he married actress Becky Gelke, now known professionally as Becky Ann Baker. They have a daughter, Willa, and reside in New York City, firefighters eventually got the seriously injured woman out of the apartment and rushed to the hospital
6.
Lara Flynn Boyle
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Lara Flynn Boyle is an American actress. She is best known for her performances as Donna Hayward in Twin Peaks and she has also appeared in films including Happiness and Men in Black II. Boyle was born in Davenport, Iowa, the daughter of Sally, a worker, assistant, and manager. She has German, Irish, and Italian ancestry and she is named after a character in Boris Pasternaks novel Doctor Zhivago. She was raised in Chicago, Illinois and Wisconsin and she graduated from The Chicago Academy for the Arts. Boyles first film role was a bit part in Ferris Buellers Day Off and she then appeared in the mini-series Amerika and feature film Poltergeist III. Although she was cast in Dead Poets Society, her scenes were deleted and her first major role was as Donna Hayward in the critically acclaimed television series Twin Peaks. When the series ended in 1991, creator David Lynch produced a movie, Twin Peaks, Fire Walk with Me, in November 2015, it was revealed that she will not be reprising the role for the third season set to air in 2017. She starred on show until 2003, when, in a dramatic attempt to revamp the show and cut costs. For her performance as Helen Gamble, she received an Emmy nomination as well as several Screen Actors Guild ensemble cast nominations. Boyle also made a appearance in the role of Helen Gamble in an episode of Ally McBeal. In 2002, Boyle played a role in the blockbuster feature film Men in Black II as the villainous shapeshifting alien Serleena. She also guest-starred on one of the last episodes of Ally McBeal, this time as Tally Cupp, in 2005, Boyle joined the cast of Las Vegas for a seven-episode stint as Monica Mancuso, a new hotel owner. She played Barbara Amiel in the TV true story Shades of Black, about Amiels controversial husband, Boyle also guest-starred as an ambitious reporter involved with the suspects in a possible murder in the Law & Order 2008 episode Submission. Boyle was in a relationship with Twin Peaks partner Kyle MacLachlan. She also dated comedian David Spade and they went public with their romance at the 1999 Emmys, and remained together until the end of 2000. Her first husband was John Patrick Dee III, whom she married on August 11,1996 and her current husband is Donald Ray Thomas II, a real-estate investor, whom she married on December 18,2006, in San Antonio, Texas. Lara Flynn Boyle at the Internet Movie Database Lara Flynn Boyle at AllMovie
7.
Ben Gazzara
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Biagio Anthony Gazzarra, known as Ben Gazzara, was an American film, stage, and television actor and director. His best known films include Anatomy of a Murder, Voyage of the Damned, Inchon, Road House, The Big Lebowski, Happiness, The Thomas Crown Affair, Summer of Sam, Dogville and Paris, je taime. He was a collaborator with John Cassavetes, working with him on Husbands, The Killing of a Chinese Bookie. As the star of the television series Run for Your Life and he won his first, and only, Emmy Award for his role in the television film Hysterical Blindness. Gazzara grew up in New Yorks Kips Bay neighborhood, he lived on East 29th Street and participated in the program at Madison Square Boys. He attended New York Citys Stuyvesant High School, but finally graduated from Saint Simon Stock in the Bronx, years later, he said that the discovery of his love for acting saved him from a life of crime during his teen years. He went to City College of New York to study electrical engineering and he took classes in acting at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School in New York with the influential German director Erwin Piscator and afterward joined the Actors Studio. In 1954, Gazzara made several appearances on NBCs legal drama Justice and he joined other Actors Studio members in the 1957 film The Strange One. Then came a performance as a soldier on trial for avenging his wifes rape in Otto Premingers courtroom drama Anatomy of a Murder. Contemporary screen credits included The Young Doctors, A Rage to Live, when I became hot, so to speak, in the theater, I got a lot of offers, he said. I wont tell you the pictures I turned down because youll say, You are a fool, gazarra returned to Broadway for a production of Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. with Colleen Dewhurst in 1976. Some of the actors most formidable characters were those he created with his friend John Cassavetes in the 1970s and they collaborated for the first time on Cassavetess film Husbands, in which he appeared alongside Peter Falk and Cassavetes himself. In The Killing of a Chinese Bookie, Gazzara took the role of the hapless strip-joint owner. Also during this period he starred in the television miniseries QB VII, the six-and-a-half hour series was based on a book by Leon Uris and co-starred Anthony Hopkins. He also played gangster Al Capone in the biographical film Capone and appeared in Voyage of the Damned, High Velocity and he starred with Rowlands in the critically acclaimed AIDS-themed TV movie An Early Frost, for which he received his third Emmy nomination. Gazzara appeared in 38 films, many for television, in the 1990s and he worked with a number of renowned directors, such as the Coen brothers, Spike Lee, David Mamet, Walter Hugo Khouri, Todd Solondz, John Turturro, and John McTiernan. In his seventies, Gazzara continued to be active, in 2003, he was in the ensemble cast of the experimental film Dogville, directed by Lars von Trier of Denmark and starring Nicole Kidman, as well as the television film Hysterical Blindness. Several other projects have recently completed or are currently in production
8.
Jared Harris
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He has also had significant supporting roles in films such as The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, Sherlock Holmes, A Game of Shadows, Lincoln and Allied. Harris was born in London, one of three sons of Irish actor Richard Harris, and his first wife, Welsh actress Elizabeth Rees-Williams. His younger brother is actor Jamie Harris, his brother is director Damian Harris. Harris earned a BFA degree from Duke University in 1983, Harris began his film career as director of an unfinished feature-length film for Duke Universitys Freewater Films named Darkmoor in 1983. His first film appearance as an actor was in The Rachel Papers in 1989 and he played the role of the aged Will Robinson in the movie adaptation of the television series Lost in Space. Harris played Dr. Charles Ashford in Resident Evil, Apocalypse, Benmont Tench in Jim Jarmuschs Dead Man, Other notable roles include King Henry VIII in the first film adaptation of the novel The Other Boleyn Girl. He also portrayed Andy Warhol in I Shot Andy Warhol, in 1998 he played Vladimir in the black comedy drama film Happiness written and directed by Todd Solondz. He played the gruff Captain Anderson in the BBC2 adaptation of To the Ends of the Earth, Mac McGrath in the movie Mr. Deeds, Eamon Quinn on the FX series The Riches, and David Robert Jones on Fringe. One of his recent film roles was Ulysses S. Grant in the Steven Spielberg-directed Lincoln. He played Lane Pryce in Mad Men from 2009 until 2012 and returned to the series to direct the 11th episode of season 7 and he also portrayed King George VI in the early episodes of The Crown. Harris married Jacqueline Goldenberg in 1989, they divorced in the early 1990s, on 16 July 2005, Harris married actress Emilia Fox, daughter of actors Edward Fox and Joanna David, and filed for divorce in January 2009, the divorce was finalised in June 2010. Harris married Allegra Riggio, a designer and TV host. Jared Harris at the Internet Movie Database Jared Harris at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
9.
Philip Seymour Hoffman
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Philip Seymour Hoffman was an American actor, director, and producer of film and theater. Best known for his supporting and character roles – typically lowlifes, bullies. Drawn to theater as a teenager, Hoffman studied acting at New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts and he began his screen career in a 1991 episode of Law & Order and started to appear in films in 1992. He began to play leading roles, and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in Capote. The feature Jack Goes Boating marked his debut as a filmmaker, Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director. He joined the off-Broadway LAByrinth Theater Company in 1995, where he directed, produced and his performances in three Broadway plays – True West, Long Days Journey into Night, and Death of a Salesman – all led to Tony Award nominations. Hoffman struggled with drug addiction as an adult, and relapsed in 2013 after many years of sobriety. Hoffman was born on July 23,1967, in the Rochester suburb of Fairport and his mother, Marilyn OConnor, came from nearby Waterloo and worked as an elementary school teacher before becoming a lawyer and eventually a family court judge. His father, Gordon Stowell Hoffman, was a native of Geneva, New York, along with one brother, Gordy, Hoffman had two sisters, Jill and Emily. Hoffman was baptized a Roman Catholic and attended Mass as a child and his parents divorced when he was nine, leaving the children to be raised primarily by their mother. Hoffmans childhood passion was sports, particularly wrestling and baseball, and he recalled in 2008, I was changed – permanently changed – by that experience. It was like a miracle to me, Hoffman developed a love for the theater, and proceeded to attend regularly with his mother, who was a lifelong enthusiast. He remembered that productions of Quilters and Alms for the Middle Class, at the age of 14, Hoffman suffered a neck injury that ended his sporting activity, and he began to consider acting. Encouraged by his mother, he joined a club. Acting gradually became a passion for Hoffman, I loved the camaraderie of it, the people, and thats when I decided it was what I wanted to do. At the age of 17, he was selected to attend the 1984 New York State Summer School of the Arts in Saratoga Springs, Miller later commented on Hoffmans popularity at the time, We were attracted to the fact that he was genuinely serious about what he was doing. Hoffman applied for several drama degree programs and was accepted to New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts, between starting on the program and graduating from Fairport High School, he continued his training at the Circle in the Square Theatres summer program. Hoffman had positive memories of his time at NYU, where he supported himself by working as an usher, with friends, he co-founded the Bullstoi Ensemble acting troupe
10.
Louise Lasser
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Louise Lasser is an American actress and television writer. She is known for her portrayal of the character on the soap opera satire Mary Hartman. She was married to Woody Allen and appeared in several of his early films, Lasser was born in New York City, the daughter of Paula and S. She studied political science at Brandeis University and she was married to Woody Allen from 1966 to 1970. She lives in Manhattan and teaches acting technique at HB Studio, Lasser was the understudy for Barbra Streisand in the Broadway musical I Can Get It for You Wholesale. She also appeared on the soap opera The Doctors and television commercials and she also appeared in comedies such as Such Good Friends and Slither. In 1973, she appeared in the episode The Roller Coaster Stops Here of the NBC romantic anthology television series Love Story, Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman aired five nights a week for two seasons from 1976-1977. Lasser refused the role at first, of the casting process, Lear says, when she read a bit of the script for me, I all but cried for joy. Louise brought with her the persona that fit Mary Hartman like a corset, in 2000, Lasser appeared on a panel with her former cast members at the Museum of Television and Radio in Beverly Hills. Lasser was also interviewed about the series in the features of the Mary Hartman. In it, she reveals that the idea for Mary Hartmans infamous nervous breakdown at the end of the first season came after she wrote a 12-page letter suggesting the idea to Norman Lear. On July 24,1976, Lasser hosted Saturday Night Live at the end of the first season and her performance is best known for her opening monologue in which she re-creates a Mary Hartman-esque nervous breakdown and locks herself in her dressing room. She is then coaxed out by Chevy Chase/Land Shark and the promise of appearing on the cover of Time Magazine, Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman producer Norman Lear and co-star Mary Kay Place also hosted Saturday Night Live during the run of Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. Following her departure from Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, Lasser wrote an NBC made-for-TV movie Just Me and You and she had a recurring role as Alexs ex-wife on the hit series Taxi and starred in the 1981–82 season of Its a Living, playing waitress Maggie McBurney. Lasser had a role as Victor Erlichs Aunt Charise, a neurotic comic character on St. Elsewhere in the mid-1980s. Her 1980s film appearances included In God We Tru$t, Crimewave, Blood Rage, Surrender, Rude Awakening, and as the mother of the main character in Sing. Her 1990s films included Frankenhooker, The Night We Never Met, Sudden Manhattan, Layin Low and she appeared in Mystery Men as the mother of Hank Azarias character. She also had a role in Darren Aronofskys film Requiem for a Dream, Lasser acted in two episodes of HBOs Girls as a Manhattan artist for the series 3rd season
11.
Jon Lovitz
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Jonathan Michael Jon Lovitz is an American comedian, actor and singer, best known as a cast member of Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1990. He starred as Jay Sherman in The Critic and has appeared in other television series. His film credits include roles in The Brave Little Toaster, Big, A League of Their Own, The Wedding Singer, High School High, The Benchwarmers, Lovitz was born Jonathan Michael Lovitz in Tarzana, Los Angeles, California on July 21,1957. Lovitz was a cast member of Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1990 and he later said in an interview for the book Live From New York, An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live that his time on SNL was the most memorable in his career. He went from having no money to being offered a $500,000 film contract and he was nominated for an Emmy Award his first two years on Saturday Night Live. One of his most notable SNL characters was Tommy Flanagan, The Pathological Liar who used an old Humphrey Bogart line Yeah, as a catchphrase to punctuate painfully elaborated implausible lies. Other recurring characters included Annoying Man, Master Thespian, Tonto, Mephistopheles, Harvey Fierstein, in a 1986 episode of Saturday Night Live, he portrayed a virgin Trekkie, who was scripted to hang his head when asked by William Shatner if he had ever kissed a girl. Harry is asked to fill in when Santa falls ill on Christmas Eve, on February 15,2015, on the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special, he was seen in the montage of deceased SNL members, with the camera cutting to him to show his reaction. Lovitz was a contestant on The New Celebrity Apprentice, playing for the charity St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital and he was the 6th contestant fired, finishing in 11th place and raising $50,000 for his charity. Lovitz has lent his voice to several cartoons and films, in The Critic, he played the title character of Jay Sherman. He was also the voice of Radio in the Hyperion-produced, Disney-distributed animated movie The Brave Little Toaster, Lovitz performed a duet with Robbie Williams on Williams album Swing When Youre Winning, in the song Well, Did You Evah. He also performed on the hit series Two and a Half Men singing We Are the Orphans and he has appeared on Broadway at the Music Box Theatre in Neil Simons play The Dinner Party, taking over the lead role from Henry Winkler. He sang at Carnegie Hall three times and sang the anthem at Dodger Stadium and the U. S. Open. On October 10,2001, Lovitz sang a duet of the song Well, the recording can be found on the Swing When Youre Winning album. Between 1999 and 2000 Lovitz appeared in a $33 million advertising campaign featured a series of television commercials promoting the Yellow Pages. The comic premise was to present Lovitz as the Yellow Pages author, one of them featured Lovitz saying, The hardest thing to do is to come up with a simple idea that is also great. And I just thought, Oh, the alphabet, in 2006, he became the spokesman in an advertising campaign for the Subway restaurant chain. In 2003, Lovitz began his career at the Laugh Factory in Los Angeles
12.
Camryn Manheim
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Manheim was born Debra Frances Manheim in Caldwell, New Jersey and grew up in Peoria, Illinois. She is the daughter of Sylvia, a teacher, and Jerome Manheim, Manheim became interested in acting after working at a Renaissance fair in high school. Manheim graduated from University of California, Santa Cruz with a BFA degree in 1984, Manheim worked for a while as a sign language interpreter at hospitals. Her knowledge of language was used on The Practice, in an episode of Law & Order. In 1983, she made an appearance as a girl in an elevator in Sudden Impact alongside Clint Eastwood. In 1998, Manheim collected an Emmy for her work on The Practice, in 1999, she was awarded the Women in Film Lucy Award. In 2005, Manheim earned Golden Globe and Emmy nominations for her work in the miniseries Elvis, and the following year she joined the cast of Ghost Whisperer. Her other television credits include Chicago Hope, Ally McBeal, Family Guy, Will & Grace, Boston Public, Two and she also voiced Juliet in the episode Company Picnic of Dilbert on UPN in 2000. In addition, Manheim has several film credits and these include Romy and Micheles High School Reunion, Happiness, The Laramie Project, Scary Movie 3, Dark Water and An Unfinished Life. In 2015, Manheim was in the Deaf West production of the musical Spring Awakening as Adult Women. The production, which had a cast composed half of hearing actors and half of deaf or hard-of-hearing actors, Manheim voiced for Marlee Matlin as well as signing her own dialogue in the parts of Frau Bergmann, Fräulein Großebüstenhalter, and Fräulein Knuppeldick. Manheim has been involved with the Los Angeles-based charity, Bet Tzedek Legal Services – The House of Justice, serving as a co-chair for their annual fundraiser and her brother, Karl Manheim, is a law professor at Loyola Law School. Her only child, son Milo Jacob, was born March 6,2001, according to the National Enquirer, Milos father is a male model and former college basketball player named Jeffrey Brezovar, a friend of Manheims, with his conception taking place by sperm donation. Official website Camryn Manheim at the Internet Movie Database Camryn Manheim at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
13.
Black comedy
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Black comedy or dark comedy is a comic style that makes light of subject matter that is generally considered taboo. Literary critics have associated black comedy and black humor with authors as early as the ancient Greeks with Aristophanes, Black comedy corresponds to the earlier concept of gallows humor. The term black humor was coined by the Surrealist theorist André Breton in 1935 while interpreting the writings of Jonathan Swift. Bretons preference was to some of Swifts writings as a subgenre of comedy and satire in which laughter arises from cynicism and skepticism. Scholars have associated black humor with authors as early as the ancient Greeks with Aristophanes, Breton coined the term for his book Anthology of Black Humor, in which he credited Jonathan Swift as the originator of black humor and gallows humor, and included excerpts from 45 other writers. This victims suffering is trivialized, which leads to sympathizing with the victimizer, as found in the social commentary. Black humor is also related to that of the grotesque genre. Breton identified Swift as the originator of black humor and gallows humor, particularly in his pieces Directions to Servants, A Modest Proposal, A Meditation Upon a Broom-Stick, the terms black comedy or dark comedy have been later derived as alternatives to Bretons term. Bruce Jay Friedman, in his anthology entitled Black Humor, imported the concept of comedy to the United States. He labeled many different authors and works with the idea, arguing that they shared the literary genre. The Friedman label came to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, early American writers who employed black humor were Nathanael West and Vladimir Nabokov. In 1965 a mass-market paperback titled Black Humor, was released and this was one of the first American anthologies devoted to the conception of black humor as a literary genre, the publication also sparked nationwide interest in black humor. Among the writers labeled as black humorists by journalists and literary critics are Roald Dahl, Thomas Pynchon, Kurt Vonnegut, Warren Zevon, John Barth, Joseph Heller, popular themes of the genre include violence, discrimination, disease, sexuality, religion and barbarism. Comedians, like Lenny Bruce, that since the late 1950s have been labeled for using sick comedy by mainstream journalists, have also labeled with black comedy. By contrast, blue comedy focuses more on crude topics such as nudity, sex, in obscene humor, much of the humorous element comes from shock and revulsion, while black comedy might include an element of irony, or even fatalism. For example, the black comedy self-mutilation appears in the English novel Tristram Shandy. Tristram, five years old at the time, starts to urinate out of a window for lack of a chamber pot. The sash falls and circumcises him, his family reacts with both chaotic action and philosophic digression, cringe comedy Comedy horror Macabre Off-color humor
14.
Cannes Film Festival
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Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ Pierre Lescure took over as President of the festival, the Board of Directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the festival. The 2016 Cannes Film Festival took place between 11 and 22 May 2016, australian film director George Miller was the President of the Jury. I, Daniel Blake, directed by British director Ken Loach, in 2017, The Festival de Cannes will celebrate its 70th anniversary edition from May 17 to 28. In 1947, the festival was held as the Festival du film de Cannes, at that time the principle of equality was introduced, with a jury made up of only one representative per country. The festival is now held at the Palais des Festivals, expressly constructed for the occasion, although for its 1949 inaugural the roof was unfinished, the festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. Although its origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with Autumns Venice Film Festival, in 1955, the Palme dOr was created, replacing the Grand Prix du Festival which had been given until that year. In 1957, Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member, in 1959, the Marché du Film was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce, in 1962, the International Critics Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors all over the world. In 1965, an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, the next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May, some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Miloš Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors Society that same year, during the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972, Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President and he immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival, Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films. In 1978, Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra dOr award, in 1983, a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed The Bunker and provoked many reactions against it, in 1984, Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It was not until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection and its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities
15.
National Board of Review
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The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures was founded in 1909 in New York City, just 13 years after the birth of cinema, to protest New York City Mayor George B. McClellan, Jr. s revocation of moving-picture exhibition licenses on Christmas Eve 1908, the mayor believed that the new medium degraded the morals of community. Its stated purpose was to endorse films of merit and champion the new art of the people, in an effort to avoid government censorship of films, the National Board became the unofficial clearinghouse for new movies. From 1916 into the 1950s thousands of motion pictures carried the legend Passed by the National Board of Review in their main titles, however, the Board was a de facto censorship organization. Producers submitted their films to the Board before making release prints, they agreed to cut out any footage that the Board found objectionable, up to and including destroying the entire film. In 1930, the NBR was the first group to choose the ten best English-language movies of the year and the best foreign films, everson, Alistair Cooke, and Pearl Buck. In addition, the Awards Jury helps to determine the special achievement awards presented at the gala in January. The organization also works to foster commentary on all aspects of production by underwriting educational film programs. In 2016, the NBR reached out to the community to The Reel Works Teen Filmmaking, The Ghetto Film School, the organization also awarded grants to seventeen student filmmakers as part of its annual Student Grant Program. The boardss official magazine had existed in several forms and different names since its inception, in 1950 the magazine changed its name from Screen Magazine, and launched the first issue as Films in Review on February 1,1950. Note, Until 1945, there were awards for Best Picture and intermittent awards for Best Documentary. Motion Picture Production Code Official website
16.
Life During Wartime (film)
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Life During Wartime is a 2009 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Todd Solondz, which premiered at the 2009 Venice Film Festival. It is a direct, but loose sequel to his 1998 film Happiness and it stars Allison Janney, Shirley Henderson, and Ciarán Hinds, among others. Solondz said Life During Wartime was a more politically overt than previous works. Life During Wartime won the Golden Osella award for Best Screenplay at the 66th Venice International Film Festival, the plot revolves around the Jordan sisters featured in Happiness, Trish, Joy, and Helen. Since the events of Happiness, Joy has married Helens former neighbor Allen Mellencamp, Trish has been raising her three children, Billy, Timmy and Chloe. She has begun dating recently divorced Harvey Weiner, who she hopes is normal, Trishs ex-husband, Bill has been released from prison after serving a sentence for child molestation, and heads to Florida to find out how his family, particularly his eldest son, are doing. Trishs middle child, Timmy, is preparing for his bar mitzvah, Trish has for years told Timmy and Chloe that Bill had died, to avoid telling them that he is a pedophile. Timmy finds out, however, and is angry at her that she lied to him, when he asks her about the mechanics of rape, Trish urges him to scream as soon as any man touches him. Meanwhile, Joy takes a break from Allen, and heads to Florida to spend time with Trish and she begins having visions of Andy, a former co-worker who had committed suicide shortly after dating her. She briefly goes to California to visit Helen, who has become a successful screenwriter, the audience sees that Allen has committed suicide. She returns to Florida to attend Timmys bar mitzvah, in the meantime, Bill sneaks into Trishs house to find Billys college address. Bill asks for forgiveness, but Billy refuses, saying his actions are unforgivable, Bill then disappears again, reassured that Billy will not turn out to be like him. Harvey brings his adult son Mark to dinner at Trishs, where he, at Timmys request, Harvey comes to Timmys room to have a talk. Timmy asks Harvey whether he is gay or a pedophile, Harvey denies being either, and, suspecting Timmy has been molested, tries to comfort him, touching his shoulder and hugging him. Terrified, Timmy starts to scream as per his mothers earlier instructions, Trish believes that Harvey tried to molest Timmy, and dumps him. Timmy has his bar mitzvah, during which Joy experiences visions of Andy and then Allen, who implores her to suicide as he has. Timmy leaves the reception to find Mark, Harveys son and he begs Mark for forgiveness, as he made his mistakes before his bar mitzvah. Mark grants him forgiveness, but notes that such gestures are meaningless, Timmy then says that all he wants is his father
17.
Premiere
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A premiere or première is the debut of a play, film, dance, or musical composition. A work will often have many premières, a world première, four years later, it was staged again, this time in English, which was its English-language première in Britain. Raymond F. Betts attributes the introduction of the premiere to Sid Grauman. Season premiere Film festival Film release Television pilot Media related to Premiere at Wikimedia Commons
18.
66th Venice International Film Festival
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The 66th annual Venice Film Festival held in Venice, Italy, was opened on 2 September 2009 by Baarìa - La porta del vento. International competition jury, led by Ang Lee, awarded Leone dOro to Lebanon, the festival was closed on 12 September 2009, with Maria Grazia Cucinotta serving as the festivals hostess. The following 25 films competed for the Leone doro, official website 66th Venice Film Festival 2009
19.
Upper middle class
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The upper middle class is a sociological concept referring to the social group constituted by higher status members of the middle class. This is in contrast to the lower middle class, which is used for the group at the opposite end of the middle class stratum. There is considerable debate as to how the middle class might be defined. According to sociologist Max Weber the upper middle class consists of well-educated professionals with graduate degrees, the American upper middle class is defined similarly using income, education and occupation as the predominant indicators. The main occupational tasks of upper class individuals tend to center on conceptualizing, consulting. See American professional/managerial middle class for an overview of the American middle classes. In the United States the term middle class and its subdivisions are extremely vague concepts, there are several perceptions of the upper middle class and what the term means. In academic models the term applies to highly-educated, salaried professionals whose work is largely self-directed, many have graduate degrees, with educational attainment serving as the main distinguishing feature of this class. Household incomes commonly may exceed $100,000, with some smaller one-income earners earning incomes in the high 5-figure range, the upper middle class has grown. Increasingly salaried managers and professionals have replaced individual business owners and independent professionals, the key to the success of the upper middle class is the growing importance of educational certification. Its lifestyles and opinions are becoming increasingly normative for the whole society and it is in fact a porous class, open to people. -Dennis Gilbert, The American Class Structure,1998, in addition to having autonomy in their work, above-average incomes, and advanced educations, the upper middle class also tends to be influential, setting trends and largely shaping public opinion. While many Americans cite income as the determinant of class, occupational status, educational attainment. Income is in part determined by the scarcity of certain skill sets, qualifying for such higher income often requires that individuals obtain the necessary skills and demonstrate the necessary competencies. There are also differences between household and individual income, in 2005, 42% of US households had two or more income earners, as a result, 18% of households but only 5% of individuals had six figure incomes. To illustrate, two nurses each making $55,000 per year can out-earn, in a household sense, sociologists Dennis Gilbert, Willam Thompson and Joseph Hickey estimate the upper middle class to constitute roughly 15% of the population. The difference between personal and household income can be explained by considering that 76% of households with incomes exceeding $90,000 had two or more income earners. Note that the income thresholds may vary greatly based on region due to significant differences in average income based on region and urban, suburban
20.
Psychiatry
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Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. These include various abnormalities related to mood, behaviour, cognition, initial psychiatric assessment of a person typically begins with a case history and mental status examination. Physical examinations and psychological tests may be conducted, on occasion, neuroimaging or other neurophysiological techniques are used. The fifth edition of the DSM was published in 2013, assertive community treatment, community reinforcement, and supported employment. Treatment may be delivered on an inpatient or outpatient basis, depending on the severity of functional impairment or on aspects of the disorder in question. The term psychiatry was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808, a medical doctor specializing in psychiatry is a psychiatrist. Psychiatry refers to a field of medicine focused specifically on the mind, aiming to study, prevent and it has been described as an intermediary between the world from a social context and the world from the perspective of those who are mentally ill. People who specialize in psychiatry often differ from most other health professionals. The discipline studies the operations of different organs and body systems as classified by the subjective experiences. Psychiatry treats mental disorders, which are divided into three very general categories, mental illnesses, severe learning disabilities, and personality disorders. While the focus of psychiatry has changed little over time, the diagnostic and treatment processes have evolved dramatically, since the late 20th century the field of psychiatry has continued to become more biological and less conceptually isolated from other medical fields. Psychiatrists can therefore counsel patients, prescribe medication, order laboratory tests, order neuroimaging, like other purveyors of professional ethics, the World Psychiatric Association issues an ethical code to govern the conduct of psychiatrists. The psychiatric code of ethics, first set forth through the Declaration of Hawaii in 1977, has expanded through a 1983 Vienna update and, in 1996. The code was revised during the organizations general assembblies in 1999,2002,2005. Discredited psychiatrists who operated outside the norms of medical ethics include Harry Bailey, Donald Ewen Cameron, Samuel A. Cartwright, Henry Cotton, Psychiatric illnesses can be conceptualised in a number of different ways. The biomedical approach examines signs and symptoms and compares them with diagnostic criteria, Mental illness can be assessed, conversely, through a narrative which tries to incorporate symptoms into a meaningful life history and to frame them as responses to external conditions. The notion of a model is often used to underline the multifactorial nature of clinical impairment. In this notion the word model is not used in a scientific way though
21.
Europe
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Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, yet the non-oceanic borders of Europe—a concept dating back to classical antiquity—are arbitrary. Europe covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres, or 2% of the Earths surface, politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a population of about 740 million as of 2015. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast, Europe, in particular ancient Greece, was the birthplace of Western civilization. The fall of the Western Roman Empire, during the period, marked the end of ancient history. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art, and science led to the modern era, from the Age of Discovery onwards, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to economic, cultural, and social change in Western Europe. During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in the east, until the revolutions of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall. In 1955, the Council of Europe was formed following a speech by Sir Winston Churchill and it includes all states except for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City. Further European integration by some states led to the formation of the European Union, the EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. The European Anthem is Ode to Joy and states celebrate peace, in classical Greek mythology, Europa is the name of either a Phoenician princess or of a queen of Crete. The name contains the elements εὐρύς, wide, broad and ὤψ eye, broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion and the poetry devoted to it. For the second part also the divine attributes of grey-eyed Athena or ox-eyed Hera. The same naming motive according to cartographic convention appears in Greek Ανατολή, Martin Litchfield West stated that phonologically, the match between Europas name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor. Next to these there is also a Proto-Indo-European root *h1regʷos, meaning darkness. Most major world languages use words derived from Eurṓpē or Europa to refer to the continent, in some Turkic languages the originally Persian name Frangistan is used casually in referring to much of Europe, besides official names such as Avrupa or Evropa
22.
Parent-Teacher Association
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A parent-teacher association or parent-teacher-student association is a formal organization composed of parents, teachers and staff that is intended to facilitate parental participation in a school. In Australia, the function of PTAs is filled by Parents and Citizens Associations, indian Schools have PTAs and the government has run initiatives to create awareness of PTAs amongst parents, teachers and school management. There is no national PTA organisation, a 1992 Program on Action for the 1986 National Policy on Education encouraged giving pre-eminence to peoples involvement including association of non-governmental and voluntary effort. Government education schemes such as Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan have advocated community mobilisation, under RMSA every school should have a PTA. State District Management Committees should co-exist with PTAs and leverage their functions, PTAs which should conduct meetings at least once a month and present SDMCs with a register of complaints, suggestions and actions taken. In 2013-1437. 54% of the schools in India had a PTA, a 2010 study suggested that 50% of parents in rural areas and 45% in urban areas were aware of the existence of school PTAs. In 1996 the Maharashtra government declared PTAs mandatory in all schools within the state, by 2014 50% of the schools had a PTA. All parents are members of the PTA, PTA elections should be every other year and the PTA should hold a general meeting at least once a year. 78. 21% of the schools in Delhi have a PTA, decentralisation of school management was promoted though the setting up of PTAs under SSA. A2016 government ewport stated that 25% of parents were aware of the existence of PTAs, 43% of the schools had PTAs, tamil Nadu government policy includes the demand that PTAs should work towards pupil enrollment and attendance and assist in enhancing the quality of teaching and learning. A2010 survey of parents of schoolchildren for the government of India reported that 50% of respondents were aware of PTAs or MTAs, there are plans to organize a PTA in the United Arab Emirates at governmental schools such as ATHS. They are present in the United States, the United Kingdom, in the United Kingdom Parent Teacher Associations are common, being present in the majority of schools. A2007 NFER study found that 83 per cent of schools in England. Unlike the USA the fact that a body is called a PTA does not, in itself, there is a separate, similar body for Scotland. In the U. S. groups which use the PTA acronym are part of the National Parent Teacher Association and it is the largest and oldest volunteer organization working exclusively on behalf of children and youth. PTA’s commitment to unified advocacy on behalf of all the children is best reflected in its motto. The overall purpose of PTA is to make every child’s potential a reality by engaging and empowering families and communities to advocate for all children. Groups going by the PTA acronym at the level are linked to the state PTA
23.
Russians
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Russians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. The majority of Russians inhabit the state of Russia, while notable minorities exist in Ukraine, Kazakhstan. A large Russian diaspora exists all over the world, with numbers in the United States, Germany, Israel. Russians are the most numerous group in Europe. They are predominantly Orthodox Christians by religion, the Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and also spoken as a secondary language in many former Soviet states. There are two Russian words which are translated into English as Russians. One is русские, which most often means ethnic Russians, another is россияне, which means citizens of Russia. The former word refers to ethnic Russians, regardless of what country they live in, under certain circumstances this term may or may not extend to denote members of other Russian-speaking ethnic groups from Russia, or from the former Soviet Union. The latter word refers to all people holding citizenship of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity, translations into other languages often do not distinguish these two groups. The name of the Russians derives from the Rus people, the name Rus would then have the same origin as the Finnish and Estonian names for Sweden, Ruotsi and Rootsi. According to other theories the name Rus is derived from Proto-Slavic *roud-s-ь, the modern Russians formed from two groups of East Slavic tribes, Northern and Southern. The tribes involved included the Krivichs, Ilmen Slavs, Radimichs, Vyatiches, genetic studies show that modern Russians do not differ significantly from Belarusians and Ukrainians. Some ethnographers, like Zelenin, affirm that Russians are more similar to Belarusians, such Uralic peoples included the Merya and the Muromians. Outside archaeological remains, little is known about the predecessors to Russians in general prior to 859 AD when the Primary Chronicle starts its records and it is thought that by 600 AD, the Slavs had split linguistically into southern, western, and eastern branches. Later, both Belarusians and South Russians formed on this ethnic linguistic ground, the same Slavic ethnic population also settled the present-day Tver Oblast and the region of Beloozero. With the Uralic substratum, they formed the tribes of the Krivichs, in 2010, the worlds Russian population was 129 million people of which 86% were in Russia,11. 5% in the CIS and Baltic countries, with a further 2. 5% living in other countries. Roughly 111 million ethnic Russians live in Russia, 80% of whom live in the European part of Russia, ethnic Russians historically migrated throughout the area of former Russian Empire and Soviet Union, sometimes encouraged to re-settle in borderlands by the Tsarist and later Soviet government. On some occasions ethnic Russian communities, such as Lipovans who settled in the Danube delta or Doukhobors in Canada, after the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War starting in 1917, many Russians were forced to leave their homeland fleeing the Bolshevik regime, and millions became refugees
24.
Ejaculation
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Ejaculation is the discharge of semen from the male reproductory tract, usually accompanied by orgasm. It is the stage and natural objective of male sexual stimulation. In rare cases, ejaculation occurs because of prostatic disease, ejaculation may also occur spontaneously during sleep. Anejaculation is the condition of being unable to ejaculate, dysejaculation is an ejaculation that is painful or uncomfortable. A usual precursor to ejaculation is the arousal of the male, leading to the erection of the penis. Penile sexual stimulation during masturbation or vaginal, anal, oral, or non-penetrative sexual activity may provide the stimulus for a man to achieve orgasm. A prolonged stimulation either through foreplay or stroking leads to an amount of arousal. While the presence of sperm in pre-ejaculatory fluid is thought to be rare, sperm from an earlier ejaculation, still present in the urethra, in addition, infectious agents often can be present in pre-ejaculate. Premature ejaculation is when ejaculation occurs before the desired time, if a man is unable to ejaculate in a timely manner after prolonged sexual stimulation, in spite of his desire to do so, it is called delayed ejaculation or anorgasmia. An orgasm that is not accompanied by ejaculation is known as a dry orgasm, when a man has achieved a sufficient level of stimulation, the orgasm and ejaculation begins. At that point, under the control of the nervous system. The semen is ejected through the urethra with rhythmic contractions and these rhythmic contractions are part of the male orgasm. They are generated by the bulbospongiosus and pubococcygeus muscles under the control of a reflex at the level of the spinal nerves S2–4 via the pudendal nerve. The typical male orgasm lasts several seconds, after the start of orgasm, pulses of semen begin to flow from the urethra, reach a peak discharge and then diminish in flow. The typical orgasm consists of 10 to 15 contractions, although the man is unlikely to be aware of that many. Once the first contraction has taken place, ejaculation will continue to completion as an involuntary process, at this stage, ejaculation cannot be stopped. The rate of contractions gradually slows during the orgasm, initial contractions occur at an average interval of 0.6 seconds with an increasing increment of 0.1 seconds per contraction. Contractions of most men proceed at regular intervals for the duration of the orgasm
25.
Molly Shannon
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Molly Helen Shannon is an American comic actress best known for her work as a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1995 to 2001 and for starring in the films Superstar and Year of the Dog. More recently, she starred in NBCs Kath & Kim from 2008 to 2009, also for her voice roles in Igor and the Hotel Transylvania film series. Her performance in the 2016 comedy-drama Other People received widespread critical acclaim, Shannon was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio, on September 16,1964, to an Irish American Catholic family. Her mother, Mary Margaret Peg, was a teacher, and her father, at age four, Shannon was involved in a car accident which killed her mother, younger sister, and cousin. Shannon attended St. Dominic School in Shaker Heights for grade school and she attended New York University, where she studied drama and graduated from NYUs Tisch School of the Arts in 1987. Before Saturday Night Live, Shannon had a career in movies. Shannons major break came in February 1995, when she was hired as a player on Saturday Night Live to replace Janeane Garofalo after Garofalo left mid-season due to creative differences. Shannon was one of the few cast members to be kept when Lorne Michaels overhauled his cast and writers for season 21. She appeared in a 1997 episode of Seinfeld entitled The Summer of George, where she played Sam, the co-worker who drove Elaine Benes crazy because she did not swing her arms while walking. In 1998, she played the role of Emily Sanderson in the film A Night at the Roxbury, featuring Will Ferrell and Chris Kattan who were also cast members of SNL at the time. In 1999 Shannon starred in Superstar, a film based on her most famous SNL character, Mary Katherine Gallagher. Shannon left SNL in 2001, surpassing Victoria Jackson as the shows longest-serving female cast member, in 2003, she appeared in the romantic comedy My Bosss Daughter and the television remake of The Music Man. In 2004 she starred in a short-lived Fox network television series Cracking Up with actor Jason Schwartzman and that same year, she guest starred in an episode of Scrubs and starred as Mrs. Baker in the film Good Boy. In 2006, Shannon was featured in the Sofia Coppola directed movie Marie Antoinette as Aunt Victoire, the next year, Shannon guest starred on ABCs Pushing Daisies, and appeared in the film Evan Almighty. Shannon also made a move to drama, appearing in the critically acclaimed film Year of the Dog in 2007. Shannon hosted Saturday Night Live on May 12,2007, making her the former female cast member to host. In 2008, Shannon starred as Kath in the American version of the hit Australian sitcom Kath & Kim. In early 2010, Shannon was cast in a role on the Fox television series Glee as Brenda Castle
26.
Sundance Film Festival
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The Sundance Film Festival, a program of the Sundance Institute, is an American film festival that takes place annually in Park City, Utah. With 46,660 attendees in 2016, it is the largest independent film festival in the United States. Held in January in Park City, Salt Lake City, and Ogden, as well as at the Sundance Resort, the 2017 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 19 to January 29,2017. Sundance began in Salt Lake City in August 1978, as the Utah/US Film Festival in an effort to more filmmakers to Utah. It was founded by Sterling Van Wagenen, John Earle, the 1978 festival featured films such as Deliverance, A Streetcar Named Desire, Midnight Cowboy, Mean Streets, and The Sweet Smell of Success. The festival also highlighted the work of filmmakers who worked outside the Hollywood system. The jury of the 1978 festival was headed by Gary Allison, and included Verna Fields, Linwood G. Dunn, Katharine Ross, Charles E. Sellier Jr. Mark Rydell, and Anthea Sylbert. More than 60 films were screened at the festival that year, also that year, the first Frank Capra Award went to Jimmy Stewart. The festival also made a profit for the first time, in 1980, Catania left the festival to pursue a production career in Hollywood. Several factors helped propel the growth of Utah/US Film Festival, first was the involvement of actor and Utah resident Robert Redford, who became the festivals inaugural chairman. By having Redfords name associated with the festival, it received great attention, secondly, the country was hungry for more venues that would celebrate American-made films as the only other festival doing so at the time was the USA Film Festival in Dallas. Response in Hollywood was unprecedented as major studios did all they could to contribute their resources, in 1981, the festival moved to Park City, Utah, and changed the dates from September to January. It was called the US Film and Video Festival, in 1984, the now well-established Sundance Institute, headed by Sterling Van Wagenen, took over management of the US Film Festival. The branding and marketing transition from the US Film Festival to the Sundance Film Festival was managed under the direction of Colleen Allen, Allen Advertising Inc. by appointment of Robert Redford. In 1991 the festival was renamed the Sundance Film Festival, after Redfords character The Sundance Kid from the film Butch Cassidy. The majority of the screenings, including the festivals premieres. The 2013 Sundance London Festival was held April 25–28,2013, Sundance London 2014 took place on April 25–27,2014 at the O2 arena. The Sundance London 2015 Festival was cancelled in an announcement on January 16,2015, Sundance London will return to London in 2016 from June 10–12 at Picturehouse Cinema in Londons West End
27.
Roger Ebert
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Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year
28.
Robert Patrick (playwright)
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Robert Patrick is an American playwright, poet, lyricist, short-story writer and novelist. He was born Robert Patrick OConnor in Kilgore, Texas, United States, Robert Patrick was born to migrant workers in Texas. The only cultural constants in his life were books, film and his mother made sure he learned to read, and arranged that he start school a year early. Lacking social contacts due to constant displacement, he made poor grades. Having experienced no live theatre except a few shows, he fell in love with stage work while washing dishes at the Kennebunkport Playhouse in Kennebunkport. Stopping off in New York on his way back to Roswell, he stumbled into the Caffe Cino, the first underground or Off-Off Broadway theatre, on September 14,1961. Having long been a poet, in 1964 he got an idea for a play he called The Haunted Host and it was something of a success, and playwriting became his main focus. Patrick is the author of over 60 published plays and his first play, The Haunted Host, was produced in 1964 and premiered at the Caffe Cino in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City, New York. Because Patrick refused the offer of Neil Flanagan, the Caffe Cinos star performer, during the 1960s Patrick was a pioneer in Off-Off-Broadway theatre and the gay-theatre movement with over 300 productions of his plays during this decade in New York City alone. In 1972, the publishing and licensing company Samuel French called Patrick New Yorks Most-Produced Playwright. In 1969, he won the Show Business Award for Joyce Dynel, Salvation Army and that same year his play, Camera Obscura was produced on PBS starring Marge Champion and was also chosen to be in the all-star-playwright revue, Collision Course. In 1973, Patricks Kennedys Children opened obscurely in London in the room of a pub. A1974 production of The Haunted Host marked the first time Harvey Fierstein appeared on the stage as a male. Years later, Fierstein included a recording of Patricks monologue, Pouf Positive on his compact disc, Pouf Positive was also filmed by Dov Hechtman in 1989. 1974 was also the first season of gay theatre in the United Kingdom, the Broadway-theatre production of Kennedys Children earned Shirley Knight a 1976 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play. She repeated her role in the 1979 CBS-Cable TV production of the play, Patrick traveled widely, from Anchorage to Cape Town, seeing productions of Kennedys Children. For ten years, he visited schools and high-school-theatre conventions nationwide on behalf of the International Thespian Society. My Cup Ranneth Over was commissioned by Marlo Thomas as a vehicle for her, although a production with them never happened, the play went on to become Patricks most produced
29.
Quentin Crisp
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Quentin Crisp was an English writer and raconteur. From a conventional suburban background, Crisp enjoyed wearing make-up and painting his nails and he then spent thirty years as a professional model for life-classes in art colleges. The interviews he gave about his unusual life attracted increasing public curiosity and he was sought after for his highly individual views on social manners. His one-man stage show was a hit both in Britain and America and he also appeared in films and on TV. Crisp defied convention by criticising both gay liberation and Diana, Princess of Wales, Denis Charles Pratt was born in Sutton, South London, on Christmas Day 1908, the fourth child of solicitor Spencer Charles Pratt and former governess Frances Marion Pratt. His elder siblings were Katherine, Gerald and Lewis, after leaving school in 1926 Crisp studied journalism at Kings College London but failed to graduate in 1928 going on to take art classes at the Regent Street Polytechnic. For six months he worked as a sex worker, looking for love, he said in a 1999 interview. In 1940 he moved into a flat at 129 Beaufort Street, Chelsea. In the intervening years he never attempted any housework, writing famously in his memoir The Naked Civil Servant, Crisp left his job as an engineers tracer in 1942 to become a model in life classes in London and the Home Counties. He continued posing for artists for the next 30 years, Crisp had published three short books by the time he came to write The Naked Civil Servant at the urging of his agent, Donald Carroll. The book was published in 1968 to generally good reviews, in 1975 the television version of The Naked Civil Servant was broadcast on British and US television and made both actor John Hurt and Crisp himself into stars. This success launched Crisp in a new direction, that of performer and he devised a one-man show and began touring the country with it. When his autobiography was reprinted in 1975 after the success of the version of The Naked Civil Servant. Gay rights campaigner Peter Tatchell claimed to have met Crisp in 1974, Tatchell claimed that Crisp asked him, What do you want liberation from. What is there to be proud of, I dont believe in rights for homosexuals. By now Crisp was a theatre-filling raconteur and his one-man show sold out the Duke of Yorks Theatre in London in 1978. Crisp then took the show to New York and his first stay in the Hotel Chelsea coincided with a fire, a robbery, and the death of Nancy Spungen. Crisp decided to move to New York permanently and set about making arrangements, in 1981, he arrived with few possessions and found a small apartment on East 3rd Street in Manhattans East Village
