Hauts-de-France, also referred to in English as Upper France, is the northernmost region of France, created by the territorial reform of French regions in 2014, from a merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and

French Flanders is a historical and cultural region of France. It was historically part of the historical County of Flanders, now Flanders in Belgium where Flemish—a Low Franconian dialect cluster of