Hauts-de-France, also referred to in English as Upper France, is the northernmost region of France, created by the territorial reform of French regions in 2014, from a merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and
French Flanders is a historical and cultural region of France. It was historically part of the historical County of Flanders, now Flanders in Belgium where Flemish—a Low Franconian dialect cluster of
Territorial changes due to the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), including French Flanders