1.
Glasgow
–
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, and third largest in the United Kingdom. Historically part of Lanarkshire, it is now one of the 32 council areas of Scotland and it is situated on the River Clyde in the countrys West Central Lowlands. Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians, Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Britain. From the 18th century the city grew as one of Great Britains main hubs of transatlantic trade with North America. Glasgow was the Second City of the British Empire for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries Glasgow grew in population, reaching a peak of 1,128,473 in 1939. The entire region surrounding the conurbation covers about 2.3 million people, at the 2011 census, Glasgow had a population density of 8, 790/sq mi, the highest of any Scottish city. Glasgow hosted the 2014 Commonwealth Games and is well known in the sporting world for the football rivalry of the Old Firm between Celtic and Rangers. Glasgow is also known for Glasgow patter, a dialect that is noted for being difficult to understand by those from outside the city. Glasgow is the form of the ancient Cumbric name Glas Cau. Possibly referring to the area of Molendinar Burn where Glasgow Cathedral now stands, the later Gaelic name Baile Glas Chu, town of the grey dog, is purely a folk-etymology. The present site of Glasgow has been settled since prehistoric times, it is for settlement, being the furthest downstream fording point of the River Clyde, the origins of Glasgow as an established city derive ultimately from its medieval position as Scotlands second largest bishopric. Glasgow increased in importance during the 10th and 11th centuries as the site of this bishopric, reorganised by King David I of Scotland and John, there had been an earlier religious site established by Saint Mungo in the 6th century. The bishopric became one of the largest and wealthiest in the Kingdom of Scotland, bringing wealth, sometime between 1189 and 1195 this status was supplemented by an annual fair, which survives as the Glasgow Fair. Glasgow grew over the following centuries, the first bridge over the River Clyde at Glasgow was recorded from around 1285, giving its name to the Briggait area of the city, forming the main North-South route over the river via Glasgow Cross. The founding of the University of Glasgow in 1451 and elevation of the bishopric to become the Archdiocese of Glasgow in 1492 increased the towns religious and educational status and landed wealth. Its early trade was in agriculture, brewing and fishing, with cured salmon and herring being exported to Europe, Glasgow was subsequently raised to the status of Royal Burgh in 1611. The citys Tobacco Lords created a water port at Port Glasgow on the Firth of Clyde. By the late 18th century more than half of the British tobacco trade was concentrated on Glasgows River Clyde, at the time, Glasgow held a commercial importance as the city participated in the trade of sugar, tobacco and later cotton
2.
Slogan
–
The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
3.
Frequency
–
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, for example, if a newborn babys heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period—the time interval between beats—is half a second. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as vibrations, audio signals, radio waves. For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, in physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics, acoustics, and radio, frequency is usually denoted by a Latin letter f or by the Greek letter ν or ν. For a simple motion, the relation between the frequency and the period T is given by f =1 T. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz, named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, a previous name for this unit was cycles per second. The SI unit for period is the second, a traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. As a matter of convenience, longer and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are usually described by their frequency instead of period. Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes. Y = sin = sin d θ d x = k Wavenumber, in the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity. For periodic waves in nondispersive media, frequency has a relationship to the wavelength. Even in dispersive media, the frequency f of a wave is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength λ of the wave. In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, then v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and this expression becomes, f = c λ. When waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their remains the same—only their wavelength. For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is, the latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count. This is called gating error and causes an error in the calculated frequency of Δf = 1/, or a fractional error of Δf / f = 1/ where Tm is the timing interval. This error decreases with frequency, so it is a problem at low frequencies where the number of counts N is small, an older method of measuring the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope
4.
Edinburgh
–
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 local government council areas. Located in Lothian on the Firth of Forths southern shore, it is Scotlands second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The 2014 official population estimates are 464,990 for the city of Edinburgh,492,680 for the authority area. Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is home to the Scottish Parliament and it is the largest financial centre in the UK after London. Historically part of Midlothian, the city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of medicine, Scots law, literature, the sciences and engineering. The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city, was placed 17th in the QS World University Rankings in 2013 and 2014. The city is famous for the Edinburgh International Festival and the Fringe. The citys historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdoms second most popular tourist destination after London, attracting over one million overseas visitors each year. Historic sites in Edinburgh include Edinburgh Castle, Holyrood Palace, the churches of St. Giles, Greyfriars and the Canongate, Edinburghs Old Town and New Town together are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which has been managed by Edinburgh World Heritage since 1999. It appears to derive from the place name Eidyn mentioned in the Old Welsh epic poem Y Gododdin, the poem names Din Eidyn as a hill fort in the territory of the Gododdin. The Celtic element din was dropped and replaced by the Old English burh, the first documentary evidence of the medieval burgh is a royal charter, c. 1124–1127, by King David I granting a toft in burgo meo de Edenesburg to the Priory of Dunfermline. In modern Gaelic, the city is called Dùn Èideann, the earliest known human habitation in the Edinburgh area was at Cramond, where evidence was found of a Mesolithic camp site dated to c.8500 BC. Traces of later Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements have found on Castle Rock, Arthurs Seat, Craiglockhart Hill. When the Romans arrived in Lothian at the end of the 1st century AD, at some point before the 7th century AD, the Gododdin, who were presumably descendants of the Votadini, built the hill fort of Din Eidyn or Etin. Although its location has not been identified, it likely they would have chosen a commanding position like the Castle Rock, Arthurs Seat. In 638, the Gododdin stronghold was besieged by forces loyal to King Oswald of Northumbria and it thenceforth remained under their jurisdiction. The royal burgh was founded by King David I in the early 12th century on land belonging to the Crown, in 1638, King Charles Is attempt to introduce Anglican church forms in Scotland encountered stiff Presbyterian opposition culminating in the conflicts of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. In the 17th century, Edinburghs boundaries were defined by the citys defensive town walls
5.
Digital audio broadcasting
–
Digital audio broadcasting is a digital radio standard for broadcasting digital audio radio services, used in several countries across Europe and Asia Pacific. The DAB standard was initiated as a European research project in the 1980s, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation launched the first DAB channel in the world on 1 June 1995, and the BBC and Swedish Radio launched their first DAB digital radio broadcasts in September 1995. DAB receivers have been available in many countries since the end of the 1990s, DAB may offer more radio programmes over a specific spectrum than analogue FM radio. Audio quality varies depending on the used and audio material. Most stations use a bit rate of 128 kbit/s or less with the MP2 audio codec, which requires 160 kbit/s to achieve perceived FM quality. 128 kbit/s gives better dynamic range or signal-to-noise ratio than FM radio, but a more smeared stereo image, however, CD quality sound with MP2 is possible with 256…192 kbps. An upgraded version of the system was released in February 2007, DAB is not forward compatible with DAB+, which means that DAB-only receivers are not able to receive DAB+ broadcasts. However, broadcasters can mix DAB and DAB+ programs inside the same transmission, DAB+ is approximately twice as efficient as DAB, and more robust. In spectrum management, the bands that are allocated for public DAB services, are abbreviated with T-DAB, where the T stands for terrestrial. More than 30 countries provide DAB transmissions, and several countries, such as Norway, UK, Australia, Italy, Malta, Switzerland, The Netherlands, in many countries it is expected that DAB will gradually replace FM radio. Norway was the first country to announce national FM radio analog switchoff starting from 2017, DAB has been under development since 1981 at the Institut für Rundfunktechnik. In 1985 the first DAB demonstrations were held at the WARC-ORB in Geneva, later DAB was developed as a research project for the European Union, which started in 1987 on initiative by a consortium formed in 1986. The MPEG-1 Audio Layer II codec was created as part of the EU147 project, a choice of audio codec, modulation and error-correction coding schemes and first trial broadcasts were made in 1990. Public demonstrations were made in 1993 in the United Kingdom, the protocol specification was finalized in 1993 and adopted by the ITU-R standardization body in 1994, the European community in 1995 and by ETSI in 1997. Pilot broadcasts were launched in countries in 1995. The UK was the first country to receive a range of radio stations via DAB. Commercial DAB receivers began to be sold in 1999 and over 50 commercial, the standard was coordinated by the European DAB forum, formed in 1995 and reconstituted to the World DAB Forum in 1997, which represents more than 30 countries. In 2006 the World DAB Forum became the World DMB Forum which now presides over both the DAB and DMB standard, in October 2005, the World DMB Forum instructed its Technical Committee to carry out the work needed to adopt the AAC+ audio codec and stronger error correction coding
6.
Adult contemporary music
–
Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and it is usually melodic enough to get a listeners attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure, the format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched, however, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers. An AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it excludes hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as these are popular among adults. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s, a common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart, over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including hot AC, soft AC, urban AC, rhythmic AC, and Christian AC. Some stations play only hot AC, soft AC, or only one of the variety of subgenres, therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music, it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres. Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, a few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17,1961, with 20 songs, the chart described itself as not too far out in either direction. Initially, the vocalists consisted of such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, some stations would also occasionally play earlier big band-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s. After 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced, better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the half of the 1960s. Roger Miller, Barbra Streisand and Bobby Vinton were among the charts most popular performers and these middle of the road stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs. Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or beautiful music stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient, hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody
7.
Global (company)
–
Global is a British media company formed in 2007, which owns a large number of radio stations across the country. The company has expanded through a number of acquisitions, including Chrysalis Radio, GCap Media, Global also has a television broadcasting division and runs artist management services. A year later on 31 October 2008 Global Radio officially took control of all GCap Media, the GCap Media name was dropped at this time. The GCap purchase gave Global the network of FM stations which GCap had operated as The One Network, plus Classic FM, XFM, Capital Xtra, Gold, following the acquisition of GCap Media, Global was required to sell off a number of stations in the Midlands. The stations were bought by Orion Media, headed by Phil Riley, the remaining stations briefly formed The Hit Music Network before being merged with the Galaxy network and Capital London into the Capital network. On 25 June 2012, Global acquired GMG Radio for a sum thought to be between £50 and £70 million, it continued to be run separately while a review was conducted. In May 2013, the Competition Commission ruled that Global would be required to sell seven stations across the network, when this failed Global Radio launched an appeal against the decision. The appeal was based on three grounds, Real and Smooth as alternatives to the Greater Manchester stations, reliance on significant adverse effects in the North-West Globals remedy proposal. On 6 February 2014, it was announced that a number of stations would be sold to the Irish broadcaster Communicorp, most stay under their current brands though the Real stations will be renamed Heart and carry the Heart network off-peak programming as provided by Global. Global will retain control of all stations, relaunching the existing Heart North West. Real XS in Paisley will be retained by Global and join the XFM network and it was announced in June 2015 that Darren Singer would be appointed as Globals Chief Financial Officer. In February 2017, Global changed its name from This is Global Limited to Global Media & Entertainment Limited. It also changed all its social media handles from thisisglobal to global, Global also combined the three sub-companies, Global Radio, Global Entertainment and Global Television into just Global. A group of playing chart music. On 3 January 2011, Capital London, The Hit Music Network, known as 95 –106 Capital, The UK’s No.1 Hit Music Station all stations ID locally as Capital. An all-urban station based in London, originally named Choice FM, until Summer 2010 it was sold as part of the Galaxy network for marketing purposes only, but retained its own separate branding and programming. From then on, with Galaxy ultimately absorbed into Capital, Choice sat as its own brand within Globals lineup, on 7 October 2013 Choice FM was rebranded as Capital Xtra and made available nationally via DAB radio. Heart is a network of adult-contemporary pop stations which currently broadcasts in numerous areas of England, Wales, the network began with a single regional station in the West Midlands and subsequently a second station in London
8.
Capital Scotland
–
Capital Scotland is a regional radio station owned by Communicorp UK and operated by Global Radio. It broadcasts to Scotlands Central Belt, an area surrounding the two cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, and the kingdom of Fife, the station originally began on 19 November 1999 as Beat 106, a new rock and dance station. The first presenter on-air, at 1,06 pm on launch day, was Matt Finlay and his first words spoken were Is this thing on. The first song on the station was Revolution No.9 by The Beatles followed by Fatboy Slims Right Here, other presenters at launch included George Bowie, Gina McKie, Graham Stewart and Jim Gellatly. Beat 106 closed on 1 January 2006, playing a countdown of the top 1000 tracks voted for by visitors to its website, Beat 106 was originally established by the Big Beat Group, headed up by a group of nightclub promoters from Glasgow. However, after being sold to Capital Radio Group in July 2000, in 2005, Capital Radio merged with the GWR Group to form GCap Media, creating the UKs largest commercial radio group. The rebranding of Beat 106 to XFM was one of a number of measures announced by GCap to improve their corporate performance following the merger, the original XFM station was XFM London and the rebranding in Scotland occurred four months before the expected launch of XFM Manchester. XFM Scotland programmes were launched by breakfast presenter Dominik Diamond on 4 January 2006 with Loaded by Primal Scream as the first song played on the relaunched station, a major marketing campaign was launched a year later in a bid to try to regain lost listeners since the rebrand. By September 2007, the station was only reaching audience shares of 2. 6% in the West and 4. 1% in the East, on 11 February 2008 GCap Media announced that they would be selling the analogue licence for the station. GCap later became part of Global Radio and it was decided to keep the licence, on 28 August 2008, Jim Gellatly announced that his last show would be broadcast that day and he would be leaving the station together with a number of colleagues. By the time of XFMs rebrand as Galaxy, station audience shares had fallen further to 2. 4% in the West and 2. 6% in the East, on 27 August 2008 new owners Global Radio announced they would re-brand XFM Scotland as Galaxy Scotland. The rebrand was part of Global Radio’s major strategy to expand the brand across outside Scotland, local programming on the station consisted of daily breakfast, weekday drivetime and specialist shows with networked programming broadcast from Leeds. Galaxy Scotland joined the Galaxy Network on 7 November 2008, XFM closed at approximately 3. 30pm that day, followed immediately by a 15-minute launch sequence for Galaxy. Galaxy programming started by 4pm the same afternoon, with Gary Spence as the first voice on the air, from its launch, Galaxy Scotland gained 429,000 listeners providing almost 3.2 million listening hours per week. In the 12 months up to May 2010, the station doubled its number of listeners, as of Monday 12 July 2010, Galaxy Scotland changed their tagline from Love Music to Scotlands No 1 Hit Music Station in line with the other Galaxy stations across the UK. The station was re-branded as 105–106 Capital on 3 January 2011 as part of a merger of Global Radios Galaxy, local breakfast and drivetime output was retained with most networked programming now broadcast from the networks London studios. The station also produced a dance music show on Saturday overnights. The two format change requests were approved in November, on 6 February 2014, Global Radio announced it would be selling Capital Scotland to Communicorp
9.
Radio broadcasting
–
Radio broadcasting is a unidirectional wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a radio format. Audio broadcasting also can be done via radio, local wire television networks, satellite radio. The signal types can be either analog audio or digital audio, the earliest radio stations were simply radiotelegraphy systems and did not carry audio. For audio broadcasts to be possible, electronic detection and amplification devices had to be incorporated, the thermionic valve was invented in 1904 by the English physicist John Ambrose Fleming. He developed a device he called an oscillation valve, the heated filament, or cathode, was capable of thermionic emission of electrons that would flow to the plate when it was at a higher voltage. Electrons, however, could not pass in the direction because the plate was not heated. Later known as the Fleming valve, it could be used as a rectifier of alternating current and this greatly improved the crystal set which rectified the radio signal using an early solid-state diode based on a crystal and a so-called cats whisker. However, what was required was an amplifier. The triode was patented on March 4,1906, by the Austrian Robert von Lieben independent from that, on October 25,1906 and it wasnt put to practical use until 1912 when its amplifying ability became recognized by researchers. By about 1920, valve technology had matured to the point where radio broadcasting was quickly becoming viable, however, an early audio transmission that could be termed a broadcast may have occurred on Christmas Eve in 1906 by Reginald Fessenden, although this is disputed. Charles Herrold started broadcasting in California in 1909 and was carrying audio by the next year, in The Hague, the Netherlands, PCGG started broadcasting on November 6,1919, making it, arguably the first commercial broadcasting station. In 1916, Frank Conrad, an engineer employed at the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, began broadcasting from his Wilkinsburg. Later, the station was moved to the top of the Westinghouse factory building in East Pittsburgh, Westinghouse relaunched the station as KDKA on November 2,1920, as the first commercially licensed radio station in America. The commercial broadcasting designation came from the type of broadcast license, the first licensed broadcast in the United States came from KDKA itself, the results of the Harding/Cox Presidential Election. In 1920, wireless broadcasts for entertainment began in the UK from the Marconi Research Centre 2MT at Writtle near Chelmsford, England. A famous broadcast from Marconis New Street Works factory in Chelmsford was made by the famous soprano Dame Nellie Melba on 15 June 1920 and she was the first artist of international renown to participate in direct radio broadcasts. The 2MT station began to broadcast regular entertainment in 1922, the BBC was amalgamated in 1922 and received a Royal Charter in 1926, making it the first national broadcaster in the world, followed by Czech Radio and other European broadcasters in 1923
10.
Heart (radio network)
–
Heart is a radio network of 21 adult contemporary local radio stations operated by Global Radio in the United Kingdom, broadcasting a mix of local and networked programming. Eighteen of the Heart stations are owned by Global, while the three are operated under franchise agreements. Heart began broadcasting on 6 September 1994, as 100.7 Heart FM being the UKs third Independent Regional Radio station, five days after Century Radio, the first song to be played on 100.7 Heart FM was Something Got Me Started, by Simply Red. Its original format of adult contemporary music included artists such as Lionel Richie, Simply Red. Reflecting this, its slogan was 100.7 degrees cooler. Heart 106.2 began test transmissions in London in August 1995, the test transmissions included live broadcasts of WPLJ from New York City. The Heart programming format was modified in 1996, the new format saw the soft AC music replaced with a generally more neutral Hot AC music playlist. Century 106 in the East Midlands became the station of the Heart network in 2005 after GCap Media sold Century. Chrysalis radio holdings were sold to Global Radio in 2007, Heart East Midlands was sold to Orion Media due to the same competition concerns that had forced its earlier sale to Chrysalis. Two Hit Music Network stations were closed and merged with Heart stations. Stations in Gloucestershire, Kent, London, the West Midlands, Heart Cymru, serving Gwynedd and Anglesey, moved its studios from Bangor to Wrexham but retained its extended local output of 10 hours on weekdays and 8 hours on Saturdays and Sundays. Heart North West and Wales retained an opt-out on 96. 3FM for Welsh language programming, the move saw Hearts networked programming replaced by local output from Nottingham. On 19 March 2012, Global Radio announced it had brought the Cornwall ILR station Atlantic FM from joint owners Tindle Radio and Camel Media. Atlantic FM became part of the Heart Network and merged with Heart Devon on Monday 7 May 2012 to form Heart South West, the Communicorp-owned stations use Hearts network programming and branding under a franchise agreement with Global. Global Radio extended the Heart network to the Real Radio network of stations from Tuesday 6 May 2014. The two stations based in Wrexham - Heart North West and Wales and Heart Cymru - became part of the Capital FM Network on the same date. Local programming is produced and broadcast live from the originating Heart stations studios and is broadcast from 6-10am and 4-7pm on weekdays, 1-5pm on Saturdays, however, some news content is produced from neighbouring stations. For example, news bulletins for the networks West Country, Gloucestershire and Wiltshire stations are all produced from Bristol
11.
Scot FM
–
Scot FM was a regional radio station serving Central and Southern Scotland. The station was relaunched as Real Radio Scotland in January 2002 following a buyout by GMG Radio, Real Radio has since been succeeded by Heart Scotland. In early 1993, the Radio Authority invited applicants to bid for a new regional FM licence covering Central Scotland and serving a potential audience of 3.3 million listeners. The companys founding chairman, Sir David Steel, pledged the majority of its programming would be a unique Scottish view of Britain, the world and we will be primarily a talk station with news, travel information, and weather reports. Sport, politics, and the arts will be covered and listeners will be involved through regular phone-ins. There was some disagreement and even questioning of the decision to let two television companies already running regional ITV franchises operate the new licence, Scot FM began broadcasting on Friday 16 September 1994, after two weeks of test transmissions. Complaints about the station began to appear in the press, meanwhile, Scot FM management went back to the Radio Authority four times to seek permission to reduce its speech obligations within the licensed format. Within seven months of the going on air, five different presenters had hosted Scot FMs breakfast show. A major revamp of the station took place shortly afterwards with the presenting team being replaced by new signings including Alison Craig, Robin Galloway. Despite the new presenting line-up and an improvement in weekly listening figures to 350,000, complaints regarding format. In May 1995, Border Television pulled out of the company and sold its stake to Grampian, in another attempt to improve its fortunes, Scot FM brought exclusive rights to carry live Scottish Football League match commentaries for £155,000 a year. This caused even further problems when Northsound complained as Scot FM did not cover the Aberdeen area, after two years in the role, Scot FMs managing director Tom Hunter resigned, another programme controller became ill with stress, and most of the presenting line-up departed. In 1996, Scot FM reported losses of around £1 million, two months after the sale, Norman Quirk became Scot FMs managing director with Jeff Graham as programme controller. The station lost two of its presenters in 1997 - Scottie McClue left in January when contract negotiations broke down while Robin Galloway quit in March after a fallout with Jeff Graham. IRG Chief Executive Michael Connolly claimed the new schedule was starting to regain lost listeners. By the end of 1997, Jeff Graham was replaced by John Collins, prompting another programming revamp, Robin Galloway also returned to Scot FM in March 1999, presenting a Sunday lunchtime show from his home studio in Manchester. Scot FMs owners IRG were brought by the Wireless Group in October 1999 for £21 million, by this time, the station was still loss making, prompting the company to sell off Scot FM. Analysts were surprised that TWG sold Scot FM, widely regarded as one of its best assets, John Myers, chief executive of GMG Radio said, The problem with Scot FM is that it has changed owners faster than Ive changed coats
12.
Guardian Media Group
–
Guardian Media Group plc is a British mass media company owning various media operations including The Guardian and The Observer. The group is owned by Scott Trust Limited, which exists to secure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian in perpetuity. The company was founded as the Manchester Guardian Ltd in 1907 when C. P. Scott bought the Manchester Guardian from the estate of his cousin Edward Taylor and it adopted its current name in 1993. In March 2007 GMG sold 49. 9% of Trader Media Group to Apax Partners, in December 2007 it was announced that GMG and Apax had made a successful bid to buy Emaps business-to-business arm for around £1 billion. In February 2010, the group sold its GMG Regional Media division to Trinity Mirror for £44.8 million, the sale ended the historic connection between The Guardian and Manchester as the sale of the Manchester Evening News was included in the package. The divisions local television station for Greater Manchester, Channel M, in June 2012, Global Radio acquired GMG Radio from Guardian Media Group plc. In January 2014, GMG disposed of its remaining interest in Trader Media Group, carolyn McCall was the chief executive of Guardian Media Group and chair of Guardian News and Media Limited from 2006 until June 2010, when she was appointed chief executive of EasyJet. Andrew Miller, previously the chief officer of the Group, was chief executive from July 2010 to 2015. David Pemsel took his place in 2015, gMG’s core business is Guardian News & Media Limited, publisher of theguardian. com, and The Guardian and The Observer newspapers. The group has a portfolio of investments to support its journalism. They comprise, Ascential, an international business-to-business digital intelligence and events business, GMG Property Services, a provider of software, technology and design solutions to the property industry
13.
Wireless Group
–
Wireless Group Limited, formerly UTV Media, is a broadcasting and new media company based in Belfast in Northern Ireland. The company operates the UK independent national radio station talkSPORT, Virgin Radio UK, as UTV, the company formerly operated television channels in Ireland and Northern Ireland, until it sold its ITV franchise to ITV plc in February 2016. The company was required to rename itself as the UTV brand was included in the sale, in June 2016, Rupert Murdochs News Corp reached an agreement to buy the company. The sale was completed in September 2016, prior to the acquisition, Wireless Group was a constituent of the FTSE SmallCap Index. The service expanded into telephone market under UTV Talk in August 2004 and also provided broadband and fibre optic packages for Northern Ireland, the Republic, the service was sold to Rainbow Communications and Vodafone Ireland in 2014. The company also set up a car dealership UTV Drive, created in partnership with Abbey Insurance. Further expansion took place with the move into radio, starting in Cork with 96FM, in 2005, the group also launched its first station, U105, which broadcasts to the Belfast area, and purchased Juice FM in Liverpool. With the expansion, turnover increased, with 2005 being up 46% on 2004, pre-tax profits rising by 12%, in 2006, total sales were £113. 6m of which the radio division accounted for 54%, television 37% and 9% from new media. 48% of operating profits were earned in the side of the business, with 47% derived from television. Following shareholder approval, Ulster Television plc changed its name to UTV plc in June 2006, in August and September 2006, the company made two merger proposals to STV Group plc, operator of the northern and central Scottish ITV franchises as STV. The latter proposal would have given SMG shareholders 52% of the merged company, on 20 September 2006, the plans were abandoned after SMG rejected the offer as unacceptable. However, on 10 January 2007, the two announced that they had agreed a merger, with SMG shareholders to receive 46% of the merged company. After the details were expected to be finalised before the end of January, in January 2015, the company launched UTV Ireland, carrying many of ITVs programming including Coronation Street and Emmerdale, which had been previously broadcast in Ireland by TV3. The station produces some home-grown programming, including the national news programme Ireland Live. As part of the bid, the company would expand its talkSPORT station with new sister stations talkSPORT2, talkRADIO and talkBUSINESS, as well as running a relaunched Virgin Radio UK. The multiplex was launched on 29 February 2016, with the new stations launching over the following month less talkBUSINESS, on 19 October 2015, it was announced that ITV plc would acquire UTVs ITV franchise and UTV Ireland for £100 million, subject to regulatory approval. UTV retained its operations, but was required to rename itself after including the UTV brand in the sale. The sale to ITV plc was completed on 29 February 2016, on 30 June 2016 Rupert Murdochs News Corp announced an agreement to purchase the company for all-cash worth between $220-296 million
14.
Children's Hospice Association Scotland
–
Children’s Hospice Association Scotland is a registered charity that provides the countrys only hospice services for children and young people with life-shortening conditions. CHAS offers children’s hospice services, free of charge, to child, young person and their families who needs. CHAS was formed in February 1992 by a group of professionals, work to build Rachel House, Scotland’s first childrens hospice, started in December 1994. The land to build Rachel House in Kinross was donated by the Montgomery family who owned Kinross House which stands next to the hospice, Rachel House was named after Lady Rachel Workman MacRobert in recognition of a £2 million donation by The MacRobert Trust. A 17-month fundraising appeal by the Daily Record newspaper raised £4 million towards the £10 million building cost, on 16 December 1994 celebrity supporter Philip Schofield cut the first turf for Rachel House, assisted by children from Kinross Primary School. The hospice was opened in March 1996 by The Princess Royal, in 2003 Rachel House at Home launched, offering a home care service to families in their own homes. The service originally operated out of The Highland Hospice in Inverness and moved to Ardross Terrace, in December 2008 Rachel House at Home became known as CHAS at Home. In December 2011 CHAS at Home launched an Aberdeen base at Rosemount Place, Robin House was named after the European robin bird. In May 2003, the work began on the building with celebrity supporters Ewan McGregor, Robin House opened in August 2005. CHAS published two pieces of research in 2007 undertaken with the Cancer Care Research Centre, University of Stirling, the first evaluated future research priorities for CHAS and the second identified the existing home care service. In 2008, the Scottish Government published the report Living and Dying Well, CHAS staff members were integral to the consultation on children’s and teenage palliative care. CHAS has been registered as a charity since 5 February 1992, currently registered as a company with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator. For the financial year 2013-14, it cost £9 million for CHAS to deliver care services, CHAS employs 257 staff and had 894 volunteers supporting CHAS in care services, fundraising, retail and administration. CHAS receives between 12% and 18% of its funding from local authorities and NHS health boards, the majority of its funding is provided by the general public through voluntary donations. In addition to Rachel House, Robin House and CHAS at Home in the north of Scotland CHAS operates four fundraising offices in Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Kinross and Stepps which cover all areas of Scotland. CHAS Trading has a small team based in Kinross who manage the CHAS gift shop. Teams based in Head Office in Edinburgh, Chief Executive, Finance and Administration, Fundraising and Communications and Organisational Development
15.
Original 106 (Aberdeen)
–
Original 106fm is an independent radio station broadcasting to Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. It was awarded its broadcast licence in January 2007 and the launched on 28 October 2007 at 1,06 pm. The first record played was Revolution by The Beatles, on 12 September 2009 the station was sold to a consortium led by Adam Findlay which included John Quinn and Murray Strachan. Adam Findlays New Wave Media wholly owns Dundee radio station Wave 102, John Quinn is the majority shareholder and chairman of Central FM, Original 106 broadcasts mainly to an adult ABC1 bias audience broadcasting from studios at Craigshaw Business Park in West Tullos, Aberdeen. Two FM transmitters are presently in operation, one main transmitter situated at Durris near Stonehaven, a third transmitter, a relay for Peterhead and Buchan was added to the network on 8 May 2014. A high quality UK-wide internet audio stream is available from the station website, Original 106 plays a mix of hit singles from a full range of adult orientated genres including rock, pop, soul from the 60s to today. The programming output of Original 106 is produced and generated entirely from with its transmission area and it is the only radio station in north east Scotland broadcasting hourly round-the-clock news bulletins from Aberdeen, covering local, national and international news. Hourly, three minute daytime bulletins are augmented by overnight national bulletins from Sky News, off-peak local evening bulletins and summaries are pre-recorded. During traffic peak times there are news headlines with traffic. These bulletins are complimented by regular sports and business updates, plus there are energy updates that are important to the North-Easts oil, gas, entertainment whats on guides are broadcast daily, detailing events in and around Aberdeen and North East Scotland. Interviews with local people, personalities from news and entertainment backgrounds, originals annual Christmas Toy appeal recently expanded to include donations of non-perishable foods to stock local food banks. In both 2012 and 2013, the station hosted a 24hr non-stop broadcast in aid of the STV Appeal, on each broadcast, Chris Harvey of STV stayed on air for a full 24 hours, raising many thousands of pounds. The Original 106 website features news and weather updates, and an audio stream, an indicator of the current song playing. Original 106 has mobile apps available to free of charge for both IOS and Android devices. On 1 December 2016 three online-only stations were launched under the Original 106 brand, Original 106 Chart, Original 106 Country, all are accessible from the station website and downloadable app. The Original 106 Pride Of Aberdeen Awards is an event to recognise and reward talent, bravery, endeavour, the first such ceremony took place on Saturday,14 November 2015 at the Aberdeen Exhibition & Conference Centre. There were 13 categories awarded, and entertainment on the night came from amongst others, comedian Fred McAuley, with music from M People and The Bay City Rollers
16.
Chris Tarrant
–
Christopher John Chris Tarrant, OBE is an English radio and television broadcaster. He hosted the ITV childrens television show Tiswas from 1974 to 1982, from 1998 to 2014, and was a Capital Radio host from 1984 to 2004. Tarrant was educated as a boarder in Choir House at the Kings School and he represented the school at hockey and cricket and gained A, B and D grades at A-level in English, History and Ancient History. He then studied English at the University of Birmingham, having declined an Oxford boxing scholarship, Tarrant worked as a schoolteacher and also briefly as a researcher for the Central Office of Information before joining ATV as a newsreader on ATV Today. Tarrant rose to prominence after becoming a co-host on Tiswas, a television show broadcast on a Saturday morning from 1974 to 1981. In 1982, he hosted the short-lived Saturday evening show O. T. T. which was billed as a version of Tiswas. After this, he did a stint on the breakfast television station TV-am, in 1984, Tarrant joined Capital Radio as a presenter, initially presenting the stations Sunday lunchtime show before moving to a late-morning weekday slot, following David Jensen. From March 1987 until April 2004 he hosted Capital Breakfast, the show was highly popular, increasing Capital Radios audience share in London. The photo was released in 1999 by ex co-host of the breakfast show Kara Noble, by now working at Heart 106.2 in London when Rhys-Jones was about to marry Prince Edward. At 09,00, on Friday 2 April 2004, after hosting 4,425 shows over 17 years on Capital Radio and giving away prizes to the value of £3.5 million, Tarrant said his farewell to the station. Tarrant began to host the television quiz show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. in 1998. The format was sold to over 100 other countries, and in 2002, Tarrant has coined catchphrases such as But we dont want to give you that. And Is that your final answer, in October 2013, it was confirmed that Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. was to come to an end after airing for 15 years on ITV. The channel made the following to coincide with Tarrant stepping down as host. Of this, Tarrant said, Tarrants final live edition of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. was a Celebrity edition which aired live on Thursday 19 December 2013, on the day before, Tarrant pre-recorded two other Celebrity episodes to be shown in February 2014. In 2008, he presented the game show Its Not What You Know on Challenge, in January 2009, Tarrant began to host new ITV show The Colour of Money, which was cancelled after just seven episodes after failing to perform well in the ratings. Other shows hosted by Tarrant include a 1994 revival of the show Pop Quiz, Cluedo, Tarrant narrated the schools programme Stop, Look, Listen, made by ATV and later Central Television. Tarrant hosted Everybodys Equal in 1989, although the programme came to an end in 1990, in 1991 he hosted the second series of Cluedo
17.
Setanta Sports
–
Eir Sport is a sports television company based in Dublin, Ireland and a subsidiary of Irish telecommunications company Eir. The company operates channels in the Republic of Ireland, the company was previously known as Setanta Sports which was formed in 1990 to facilitate the broadcasting of Irish sporting events to international audiences. When under ownership of Setanta Sports the company operated channels in the UK, Asia, Australia, in December 2015, Eir purchased the Setanta Sports Ireland Ltd. On July 5,2016 Setanta Sports was rebranded to Eir Sport, in July 2009, the ownership structure of Setanta Sports Channel Ireland Limited changed. Setanta Sports Channel Ireland Limited is co-owned by Gaiety Investments with the remaining 40% share made up by Danu Partners Limited, the main shareholders in Danu are Michael ORourke, Leonard Ryan, and Mark OMeara. Danu purchased 100% of the shares in Setanta Sports North America Limited which was disposed of in early 2010, Setanta Sports Channel Ireland Limited is licensed by the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland. The Setanta business in Ireland has managed to survive despite the difficulties with Setanta GB, colin Morgan, formerly CEO of Quinn Direct Insurance, joined the Setanta Ireland business in October 2010. On 5 July 2016, Setanta Sports was renamed Eir Sport, within the Republic of Ireland eir Sport services are available for free through the eir Sport package on eir Broadband. Eir Sport services are available through Sky Ireland, eir TV. From August 1,2016, Virgin Media Ireland no longer has eir Sport available to customers, as of August 2014 both Setanta Sports Australia and Setanta Sports Plus were sold to Al Jazeera Media Network with approval sought from regulators in Australia. The channel became BeIN Sports Australia in November 2014, Setanta operated Setanta Sports and Setanta Action until October 2013 when the channels were acquired by 21st Century Fox. In July 2014, Fox announced that from August 2014 the channels would be rebranded Fox Sports, Setanta previously operated services in the UK, following a period of administration its UK services ceased operating. Setanta GB operated Setanta Sports 1 &2 and Setanta Golf within Great Britain, under a joint venture with Virgin Media, it operated Setanta Sports News. Setanta GB also operated Arsenal TV, Celtic TV, LFC TV, Setanta GB went into administration on 22 June 2009, and at 18,00 most of its channels ceased operations within Great Britain. Arsenal TV continued until August 2009 while Arsenal explored alternative options, liverpool FC assumed responsibility for LFC TV and decided to continue broadcasting as normal. Setanta Sports previously broadcast in the United States with Setanta Sports USA from 2005 to 2010, Fox Sports purchased the networks programming rights out of bankruptcy, adding them to Fox Soccer Channels existing schedule and that on of a new network, Fox Soccer Plus. Setanta Sports previously operated a version of the channel in Canada as a joint venture with Canadian media company Rogers Communications. However, its minority stake was acquired by Rogers in July 2011 and the channel was re-aligned as part of its Sportsnet networks, the re-launch would also come alongside an overall re-branding of the Sportsnet networks
18.
Scotland national football team
–
The Scotland national football team represents Scotland in international football and is controlled by the Scottish Football Association. It competes in the two professional tournaments, the FIFA World Cup and the UEFA European Championship. Scotland, as a constituent country of the United Kingdom, is not a member of the International Olympic Committee, the majority of Scotlands home matches are played at the national stadium, Hampden Park. Scotland is the joint oldest national team in the world, alongside England. Scotland has a rivalry with England, whom they played annually from 1872 until 1989. The teams have met six times since then, most recently in November 2016. Scotland have qualified for the FIFA World Cup on eight occasions and the UEFA European Championship twice, the team have achieved some noteworthy results, such as beating the 1966 FIFA World Cup winners England 3–2 at Wembley Stadium in 1967. Archie Gemmill scored what has been described as one of the greatest World Cup goals ever in a 3–2 win during the 1978 World Cup against the Netherlands, in their qualifying group for UEFA Euro 2008, Scotland defeated 2006 World Cup runners-up France 1–0 in both fixtures. Scotland supporters are known as the Tartan Army. The Scottish Football Association operates a roll of honour for every player who has more than 50 appearances for Scotland. Kenny Dalglish holds the record for Scotland appearances, having played 102 times between 1971 and 1986, Dalglish scored 30 goals for Scotland and shares the record for most goals scored with Denis Law. Scotland and England are the oldest national teams in the world. Teams representing the two sides first competed at the Oval in five matches between 1870 and 1872, the two countries contested the first official international football match, at Hamilton Crescent in Partick, Scotland, on 30 November 1872. The match ended in a goalless draw, all eleven players who represented Scotland that day played for Glasgow amateur club Queens Park. Over the next forty years, Scotland played matches exclusively against the other three Home Nations—England, Wales and Ireland, the British Home Championship began in 1883, making these games competitive. The encounters against England were particularly fierce and a rivalry quickly developed, Scotland lost just two of their first 43 international matches. It was not until a 2–0 home defeat by Ireland in 1903 that Scotland lost a match to an other than England. This run of success meant that Scotland would have topped the Elo ratings
19.
Scottish Premier League
–
The Scottish Premier League was the top level league competition for professional football clubs in Scotland. The league was founded in 1998, when it broke away from the Scottish Football League and it was abolished in 2013, when the SPL and SFL merged to form the new Scottish Professional Football League, with its top division being known as the Scottish Premiership. A total of 19 clubs competed in the SPL, but only the Old Firm clubs, Celtic, for most of its history, the Scottish Football League had a two divisional structure between which clubs were promoted and relegated at the end of each season. This system came into force for the 1975–76 season and this setup continued until the 1994–95 season, when a four divisional structure was introduced. This involved the creation of a Third Division, with all four divisions consisting of ten clubs, on 8 September 1997, the clubs in the Premier Division decided to split from the Scottish Football League and form a Scottish Premier League. This followed an example in England, which came into force during the 1992–93 season. This decision was fuelled by a desire by the top clubs in Scotland to retain more of the revenue generated by the game, originally, league sponsorship money was divided proportionally between clubs in all four divisions. After the SPL was formed, its clubs retained all of its commercial revenues except for a payment to the SFL. Teams received three points for a win and one point for a draw, no points were awarded for a loss. Teams were ranked by points, then goal difference. At the end of season, the club with the most points was crowned league champion. If points were equal, the difference and then goals scored determine the winner. Originally the SPL contained 10 clubs, but it subsequently enlarged to 12 for the 2000–01 season, the increase from 10 clubs to 12 was part of the deal offered to obtain approval from SFL member clubs. After the expansion to 12 clubs the SPL operated a split format and this was done to prevent the need for a 44-game schedule, based on playing each other four times. That format had used in the Scottish Premier Division, but was considered to be too high a number of games in a league season. A season, which runs from July until May, was divided into two phases, during the first phase, each club played three games against every other team, either once at home and twice away or vice versa. After this first phase of matches, by which all clubs had played 33 games, the league split into a top six. Each club then played a further five matches against the five teams in their own section
20.
Ed Miliband
–
Edward Samuel Miliband PC is a British politician who was Leader of the Labour Party as well as Leader of the Opposition between 2010 and 2015. He has been the Member of Parliament for Doncaster North since 2005 and he and his brother, David Miliband, were the first siblings to sit in the Cabinet simultaneously since Edward and Oliver Stanley in 1938. Miliband was elected to parliament in 2005, Miliband was subsequently promoted to the new post of Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, a position he held from 2008 to 2010. After Labour was defeated in the 2010 general election, Brown resigned as leader and in September 2010, Milibands tenure as Labour leader was characterised by a leftward shift in his partys policies and opposition to the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition governments cuts to the public sector. He led his party into several elections, including the 2014 European Parliament election, following Labours defeat to the Conservative Party at the general election, Miliband announced his resignation as leader on 8 May 2015. He was succeeded in the leadership election by Jeremy Corbyn. Born in University College Hospital in Fitzrovia, London, Miliband is the son of immigrant parents. His mother, Marion Kozak, a rights campaigner and early CND member, is a Polish Jew who survived the Holocaust thanks to being protected by Catholic Poles. His father, Ralph Miliband, was a Belgian-born Polish Jewish Marxist academic whose father fled with him to England during World War II, the family lived on Edis Street in Primrose Hill, London. His elder brother, David Miliband, still owns the house today, Ralph Miliband left his academic post at the London School of Economics in 1972 to take up a chair at the University of Leeds as a Professor of Politics. His family moved to Leeds with him in 1973 and Miliband attended Featherbank Infant School in Horsforth between 1974 and 1977, during which time he became a fan of Leeds United. Due to his fathers later employment as a teacher, Miliband spent two spells living in Boston, Massachusetts, one year when he was seven and one middle school term when he was twelve. Miliband remembered his time in the US as one of his happiest, during which he became a fan of American culture, watching Dallas and following the Boston Red Sox and the New England Patriots. Between 1978 and 1981, Ed Miliband attended Primrose Hill Primary School, near Primrose Hill, in Camden and then from 1981 to 1989, Haverstock Comprehensive School in Chalk Farm. He learned to play the violin while at school, and as a teenager, he reviewed films, after completing his O-levels, he worked as an intern to family friend Tony Benn, the MP for Chesterfield. In 1989, Miliband gained four A Levels – in Mathematics, English, Further Mathematics and Physics – and then read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. In his first year, he was elected JCR President, leading a student campaign against a rise in rent charges, in his second year he dropped philosophy, and was awarded an upper second class Bachelor of Arts degree. He went on to graduate from the London School of Economics with a Master of Science in Economics
21.
Capital (radio network)
–
Capital is a radio network of twelve independent contemporary hit radio stations in the United Kingdom, owned and operated by Global Radio. Capital was previously known as Mix, One, Galaxy and Hit Music at various times, the stations serve a combined weekly audience of 8 million listeners and target a core audience in the 14–34 age group. Throughout the 1990s, Capital became one of the UKs major radio groups by acquiring a number of local radio stations including Red Dragon FM, BRMB. This left Leicester Sound, Ram FM, Red Dragon FM, in January 2011, these stations were rebranded as part of Capital. The first Galaxy radio station, Galaxy 97.2, was launched in 1990 in South West England initially broadcasting solely from Bristol and operated under the Chiltern Radio Group. In 1994 the station won the first regional FM licence and moved frequency to 101.0 MHz, rebranded as Galaxy 101, at the same time a second studio was opened in Cardiff to provide some programming alongside the existing Bristol studio. Chrysalis Radio purchased the station in 1996 and a later, expanded the network by buying Faze FMs stations – Kiss 102 in Manchester. In 1998, black community station Choice FM was acquired in Birmingham, Chrysalis Radio won the North East regional licence in 1999 and sold the original station, Galaxy 101, to the GWR Group in 2002. In 2007, Chrysalis Radio was sold to Global Radio and following their subsequent acquisition of GCap in 2008, XFM Scotland, another rebrand followed in January 2011 when all Galaxy stations were rebranded as Capital. Within the first five months of the network, Capitals flagship London station regained its position as the most listened-to commercial station in London. However, Manchester, the North East, South Wales and Yorkshire lost listeners, contrasting with Birmingham, Central Scotland, on 1 July 2011, Global Radio requested changes to the formats of Capital Birmingham and Capital Scotland, which had obligations from previous owners. This was to enable format consistency within all nine Capital stations, on 17 November 2011, Ofcom approved both format change requests. On 6 February 2014, Global Radio announced it would be selling two of its Capital stations - in Scotland and South Wales - to Communicorp, Capitals network programming and brand name is still used by both stations under contract. Two ex-Heart stations were added to the network on Tuesday 6 May 2014 – Capital Cymru and Capital North West and Wales, broadcasting from Wrexham. In January 2016, Global added the former Juice FM station in Liverpool to the network, Capital stations based in Central Scotland and Birmingham produced and transmitted specialist output for the network on Saturday and Sunday overnights respectively. However, in July 2012 this was replaced with content from 95.8 Capital studios in Leicester Square, London, breakfast and drive-time shows on weekdays and weekend afternoons are produced and broadcast from local stations studios. Capital also broadcasts via a number of DAB ensembles that do not correspond with a local FM station and these platforms take a national feed with programming identical to that of 95.8 Capital London. Prior to January 2011, Leicester Sound, Ram FM and Trent FM shared off-peak programming from Trents studios in Nottingham, whilst Galaxy programming came from studios in Leeds, Red Dragon FM and Capital were entirely autonomous, producing all of their own output
