Heavy crude oil
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Heavy crude oil is highly viscous oil that cannot easily flow from production wells under normal reservoir conditions. It is referred to as "heavy" because its density or specific gravity is higher th
Steam is injected into many oil fields where the oil is thicker and heavier than normal crude oil
Bitumen
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Bitumen is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum. Depending on its exact composition, it can be a sticky, black liquid or an apparently solid mass that behaves as a liquid over very large time
Heavy crude oil
…with a density greater than 1000 kg/m3 (or a specific gravity greater than 1) and a reservoir viscosity of more than 10,000 centipoises. Heavy oils and asphalt are dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). They have a low solubility and a viscosity greater than, and density higher than, water. Large spills of…
Natural bitumen from the Dead Sea
Refined bitumen
The University of Queensland pitch drop experiment, demonstrating the viscosity of bitumen
Bituminous outcrop of the Puy de la Poix, Clermont-Ferrand, France