1.
Carter (name)
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Carter is a family name, and also may be a given name. However, it is known to be from the Gaelic word cairt meaning cart and it is the 44th most common surname in the United States, 56th most common in England, 523rd most common in Ireland, and 274th in Scotland. Being of Gaelic and Celtic origins the name originated in Ireland and Scotland and later migrated to England where it was reduced to its English pronunciation, other immigrants entered the United States later during the Great Famine of Ireland in the 1840s and later. Within the past 150 to 200 years, the Carter surname has been adopted widely by the African American community, either with ethnic black, representative from Oklahoma Charles W. Carter, Alaskan politician, mayor of Juneau, 1913–1914 Charles Joseph Carter, American stage magician Charles B. Carter, American football player, lawyer and politician Charles E. O. Carter, Carter, Canadian-born Californian politician Duane Carter, American racecar driver in the Indianapolis 500 Dudley C. Representative from South Carolina John Carter, disabled English artist John C, Carter, Confederate general in the American Civil War John J. Carter, Irish officer who fought in the American Civil War John W. S. Carter, Canadian Member of Parliament Walter E. Carter Jr, camp played a leading role in the 1972 Trail of Broken Treaties. President Jimmy Carter Henry Carter Stuart, American politician, governor of Virginia 1914–1918 John Carter Cash, Son of Johnny Cash, president Jimmy Carter Lindsay Carter Warren, American politician, U. S. Congressman from North Carolina 1925–1940 Samuel Carter Hall, English journalist Carter-A259, a Spartan in Halo, Reach Lt. P
Carter (name)
–
The original Carter Coat of Arms in possession of the family
2.
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
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There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
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Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
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MBE as awarded in 1918
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
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Close up of an MBE from 1945 showing the "For God and the Empire"
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
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Lieutenant General Sir
Robert Fulton, KBE
3.
Berlin International Film Festival
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The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is one of the worlds leading film festivals and most reputable media events. It is held annually in Berlin, Germany, founded in West Berlin in 1951, the festival has been celebrated annually in February since 1978. With around 300,000 tickets sold and 500,000 admissions it is considered the largest publicly attended film festival based on actual attendance rates. Up to 400 films are shown in sections, representing a comprehensive array of the cinematic world. Around twenty films compete for the called the Golden and Silver Bears. Since 2001 the director of the festival has been Dieter Kosslick, the European Film Market, a film trade fair held simultaneously to the Berlinale, is a major industry meeting for the international film circuit. The trade fair serves distributors, film buyers, producers, financiers, the Berlinale Talent Campus, a week-long series of lectures and workshops, gathers young filmmakers from around the globe. It partners with the festival itself and is considered to be a forum for upcoming artists, the festival, the EFM and other satellite events are attended by around 20,000 professionals from over 130 countries. More than 4200 journalists are responsible for the exposure in over 110 countries. At high-profile feature film premieres, movie stars and celebrities are present at the red carpet, the Berlinale has established a cosmopolitan character integrating art, glamour, commerce and a global media attention. The Berlin International Film Festival was founded in West Berlin in 1951, alfred Hitchcock’s Rebecca opened the first Berlinale. Although the film had premiered in 1940, many Germans had been unable to watch it until after the war ended, since 1978 the festival has been celebrated annually in February. The next-to-most recent festival, the 66th Berlinale, was held from 11 February to 21 February 2016, meryl Streep presided over the international jury. Joel and Ethan Coens film Hail, Caesar. was selected to open the festival, the Golden Bear was awarded to the Italian documentary Fire at Sea, directed by Gianfranco Rosi. The 67th Berlin International Film Festival was held February 9 to February 19,2017, the festival is composed of seven different film sections. Films are chosen in each category by a director with the advice of a committee of film experts. Categories include, Competition, comprises feature-length films yet to be released outside their country of origin, films in the Competition section compete for several prizes, including the top Golden Bear for the best film and a series of Silver Bears for acting, writing and production. Panorama, comprises new independent and arthouse films that deal with controversial subjects or unconventional aesthetic styles, films in the category are intended to provoke discussion, and have historically involved themes such as LGBT issues
Berlin International Film Festival
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Berlinale Palace, the main venue at
Potsdamer Platz
Berlin International Film Festival
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Berlin International Film Festival
Berlin International Film Festival
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Venues of the festival are spread throughout the central city districts
Berlin International Film Festival
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The Berlinale Palast is the venue for the competition premieres
4.
Islington
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Islington is a district in Greater London, England, and part of the London Borough of Islington. Islington grew as a sprawling Middlesex village along the line of the Great North Road and this gave rise to some confusion, as neighbouring districts may also be said to be in Islington. This district is bounded by Liverpool Road to the west and City Road and its northernmost point is in the area of Canonbury. The main north-south high street, Upper Street splits at Highbury Corner to Holloway Road to the west, Islington was originally named by the Saxons Giseldone, then Gislandune. The name means Gīslas hill from the Old English personal name Gīsla, the name later mutated to Isledon, which remained in use well into the 17th century when the modern form arose. In medieval times, Islington was just one of many small manors thereabouts, along with Bernersbury, some roads on the edge of the area, including Essex Road, were known as streets by the medieval period, possibly indicating a Roman origin, but little physical evidence remains. What is known is that the Great North Road from Aldersgate came into use in the 14th century and this was along the line of modern Upper Street, with a toll gate at The Angel defining the extent of the village. The Back Road, the modern Liverpool Road, was primarily a road where cattle would be rested before the final leg of their journey to Smithfield. Pens and sheds were erected along this road to accommodate the animals, the first recorded church, St Marys, was erected in the twelfth century and was replaced in the fifteenth century. Islington lay on the estates of the Bishop of London and the Dean, there were substantial medieval moated manor houses in the area, principally at Canonbury and Highbury. In 1548, there were 440 communicants listed and the atmosphere, with access to the City and Westminster, made it a popular residence for the rich. The local inns, however, harboured many fugitives and recusants, the Royal Agricultural Hall was built in 1862 on the Liverpool Road site of William Dixons Cattle Layers. The hall was 75 ft high and the glass roof spanned 125 ft. It was built for the annual Smithfield Show in December of that year but was popular for other purposes, including recitals and it was the primary exhibition site for London until the 20th century and the largest building of its kind, holding up to 50,000 people. It was requisitioned for use by the Mount Pleasant sorting office during World War II, the main hall has now been incorporated into the Business Design Centre. The hill on which Islington stands has long supplied the City of London with water and these included Sadlers Wells, London Spa and Clerkenwell. The river was opened on 29 September 1613 by Sir Hugh Myddelton and his statue still stands where Upper Street meets Essex Road. The course of the river ran to the east of Upper Street, the Regents Canal passes through Islington
Islington
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Buildings on Islington High Street
Islington
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1861 Royal Agricultural Hall, view from Liverpool Road. Now the rear entrance to the
Business Design Centre
Islington
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1861 Cattle show at the Royal Agricultural Hall
Islington
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A statue of
Hugh Myddelton, creator of the
New River, surmounts a drinking fountain at
Islington Green. (November 2005)
5.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
London
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Palace of Westminster,
Buckingham Palace and
Central London skyline
London
London
London
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The name London may derive from the
River Thames
6.
Hampstead
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Hampstead, commonly known as Hampstead Village, is an area of London, England,4 miles northwest of Charing Cross. Part of the London Borough of Camden, it is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations and for Hampstead Heath and it has some of the most expensive housing in the London area. The village of Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any area of the United Kingdom. The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon words ham and stede, which means, and is a cognate of, the growth of Hampstead is generally traced back to the 17th century. Trustees of the Well started advertising the medicinal qualities of the waters in 1700. Although Hampstead Wells was initially most successful and fashionable, its popularity declined in the 1800s due to competition with other fashionable London spas, the spa was demolished in 1882, although a water fountain was left behind. Much luxurious housing was created during the 1870s and 1880s, in the area that is now the ward of Frognal & Fitzjohns. Much of this remains to this day. The large Victorian Hampstead Library and Town Hall was recently converted and extended as a creative industries centre, on 14 August 1975 Hampstead entered the UK Weather Records with the Highest 155-min total rainfall at 169 mm. As of November 2008 this record remains, Hampstead became part of the County of London in 1889 and in 1899 the Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead was formed. The borough town hall on Haverstock Hill, which was also the location of the Register Office, Hampstead is part of the Hampstead and Kilburn constituency, formed at the 2010 general election. It was formerly part of the Hampstead and Highgate constituency, since May 2015 the area has been represented on Camden Council by Conservative Party councillors Tom Currie, Oliver Cooper and Stephen Stark. The area has a significant tradition of educated liberal humanism, often referred to as Hampstead Liberalism, michael Idov of The New Yorker stated that the community was the citadel of the moneyed liberal intelligentsia, posh but not stuffy. As applied to an individual, the term Hampstead Liberal is not synonymous with champagne socialist, the term is also rather misleading. As of 2016, all the component wards of Hampstead elect a full slate of Conservative councillors, the bridge pictured is known locally as The Red Arches or The Viaduct, built in fruitless anticipation of residential building on the Heath in the 19th century. The largest employer in Hampstead is the Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, George Martins AIR recording studios, in converted church premises in Lyndhurst Road, is a current example, as Jim Hensons Creature Shop was before it relocated to California. It was recently restored by Notting Hill Housing Trust, notable and longstanding are La Gaffe, Gaucho Grill, Jin Kichi, Tip Top Thai, Villa Bianca and, in May 2016, Patara. Hampsteads rural feel lends itself for use on film, an example being The Killing of Sister George starring Beryl Reid
Hampstead
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Downshire Hill
Hampstead
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Kenwood House, Hampstead
Hampstead
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Roadworks on Heath Street in Hampstead around 1865, in
Ford Madox Brown 's painting
Work
Hampstead
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A current day view of location used for the Madox Brown painting
7.
Westminster School
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Westminster School is an English independent day and boarding school located within the precincts of Westminster Abbey. It has the highest Oxford and Cambridge university acceptance rates of any school or college in the world. With origins before the 12th century, the tradition of Westminster probably dates back as far as AD960. Boys are admitted to the Under School at age seven and to the school at age thirteen. The school has around 750 pupils, around a quarter are boarders, most of whom go home at weekends and it is one of the original seven public schools as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868. Charging up to £7,800 per term for day pupils and £11,264 for boarders in 2014/15, Westminster is the 13th most expensive HMC day school and 10th most expensive HMC boarding school in the UK. In 1540, Henry VIII ordered the dissolution of the monasteries in England, including that of the powerful Abbots of Westminster, the Royal College of St. Peter carried on with forty Kings Scholars financed from the royal purse. By this point Westminster School had certainly become a public school, during Mary Is brief reign the Abbey was reinstated as a Roman Catholic monastery, but the school continued. Elizabeth I refounded the School in 1560, with new statutes to select 40 Queens Scholars from boys who had attended the school for a year. Queen Elizabeth frequently visited her scholars, although she never signed the statutes nor endowed her scholarships, Elizabeth I appointed William Camden as headmaster, and he is the only layman known to have held the position until 1937. Regardless of politics, he thrashed Royalist and Puritan boys alike without fear or favour, Busby also took part in Oliver Cromwells funeral procession in 1658, when Robert Uvedale, a Westminster schoolboy, succeeded in snatching the Majesty Scutcheon draped on the coffin. Busby remained in office throughout the Civil War and the Commonwealth, when the school was governed by Parliamentary Commissioners, and well into the Restoration. In 1679, a group of scholars killed a bailiff, ostensibly in defence of the Abbeys traditional right of sanctuary, dr Busby obtained a royal pardon for his scholars from Charles II and added the cost to the school bills. Until the 19th century, the curriculum was made up of Latin and Greek. After the Public Schools Act 1868, in response to the Clarendon Commission on the financial and other malpractices at nine pre-eminent public schools, the school began to approach its modern form. It was legally separated from the Abbey, although the organisations remain close, there followed a scandalous public and parliamentary dispute lasting a further 25 years, to settle the transfer of the properties from the Canons of the Abbey to the School. School statutes have been made by Order in Council of Queen Elizabeth II, the Dean of Christ Church, Oxford and the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge are ex officio members of the schools governing body. Westminster Under School was formed in 1943 in the school buildings in Westminster
Westminster School
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Westminster School
Westminster School
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Little Dean's Yard from Liddell's Arch
Westminster School
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The entrance to Dean's Yard and Westminster School war memorial viewed from the
Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre in August 2012.
Westminster School
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Liddell's arch, the main entrance to
Little Dean's Yard.
8.
Kenneth Branagh
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Sir Kenneth Charles Branagh is a Northern Irish actor, director, producer, and screenwriter originally from Belfast. Branagh trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and he has directed or starred in several film adaptations of William Shakespeares plays, including Henry V, Much Ado About Nothing, Othello, Hamlet, Loves Labours Lost, and As You Like It. He also narrated the BBC documentary miniseries Walking with Dinosaurs, Walking with Beasts, Branagh has been nominated for five Academy Awards, five Golden Globes, and has won three BAFTAs, and an Emmy. He was appointed a knight bachelor in the 2012 Birthday Honours and was knighted on 9 November 2012, at the age of nine, he moved with his family to Reading, Berkshire, to escape the Troubles. He was educated at Grove Primary School, Whiteknights Primary School, then Meadway School, Tilehurst, at school, he acquired Received Pronunciation to avoid bullying. On his identity today he has said, I feel Irish, I dont think you can take Belfast out of the boy, and he attributes his love of words to his Irish heritage. He is known to have attended the Reading Cine & Video Society as a member and was a member of Progress Theatre for whom he is now the patron. Branagh went on to train at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, Branagh was part of the new wave’ of actors to emerge from the Academy. Others included Jonathan Pryce, Juliet Stevenson, Alan Rickman, Anton Lesser, Bruce Payne, in 1984 he appeared in the Royal Shakespeare Company production of Henry V, directed by Adrian Noble. The production played to full houses, especially at the Barbican in London and it was this production that he adapted for the film version of the play in 1989. This Twelfth Night was later adapted for television, on the negative side, he has not got the magnetism of Olivier, nor the mellifluous voice quality of Gielgud nor the intelligence of Guinness. A year later in 1989 Branagh co-starred with Emma Thompson in the Renaissance revival of Look Back in Anger, Judi Dench directed both the theatre and television productions, presented first in Belfast then at the London Coliseum and Lyric Theatre. In 2002, Branagh starred at the Crucible Theatre, Sheffield as Richard III, in 2003 he starred in the Royal National Theatres production of David Mamets Edmond. Branagh directed The Play What I Wrote in England in 2001, from September to November 2008, Branagh appeared at Wyndhams Theatre as the title character in the Donmar West End revival of Anton Chekhovs Ivanov in a new version by Tom Stoppard. His performance was lauded as the performance of the year by several critics and it won him the Critics Circle Theatre Award for Best Male Performance but did not get him a Laurence Olivier Award nomination, to the surprise of critics. In July 2013 he co-directed Macbeth at Manchester International Festival with Rob Ashford, with Branagh in the title role, Alex Kingston played Lady Macbeth and Ray Fearon featured as Macduff. The final performance of the sold out run, was broadcast to cinemas on 20 July as part of National Theatre Live. He repeated his performance and directorial duties opposite Ashford and Kingston when the production moved to New York Citys Park Avenue Armory in June 2014, the production marked his New York stage debut
Kenneth Branagh
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Branagh at a press conference for Thor
Kenneth Branagh
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Branagh in July 2009 at the Roma Fiction Fest, where he was honoured with a Lifetime Achievement Award
9.
Tim Burton
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Timothy Walter Tim Burton is an American film director, producer, artist, writer and animator. Burton has worked repeatedly with Johnny Depp, who has become a friend of Burton since their first film together. He has also worked with musician Danny Elfman, who has composed scores for all, actress Helena Bonham Carter, Burtons former domestic partner, has appeared in many of his films. Both compilations were published by Steeles Publishing, as a preteen, Burton would make short films in his backyard on Evergreen Street using crude stop motion animation techniques or shoot them on 8 mm film without sound. Burton studied at Burbank High School, but he was not a good student. He was a very introspective person, and found his pleasure in painting, drawing and watching films and his future work would be heavily influenced by the works of such childhood heroes as Dr. Seuss and Roald Dahl. After graduating from Burbank High School with Jeff Riekenberg, Burton attended the California Institute of the Arts in Valencia, California, as a student at CalArts, Burton made the shorts Stalk of the Celery Monster and King and Octopus. Stalk of the Celery Monster attracted the attention of Walt Disney Productions animation division and he worked as an animator, storyboard artist and concept artist on films such as The Fox and the Hound, The Black Cauldron and Tron. His concept art never made it into the finished films, the film was produced by Rick Heinrichs, whom Burton had befriended while working in the concept art department at Disney. The film was shown at the Chicago Film Festival and released, alongside the teen drama Tex, for two weeks in one Los Angeles cinema. Having aired once in 1983 at 10,30 pm on Halloween and promptly shelved, prints of the film are difficult to locate. The short would finally go on display in 2009 at the Museum of Modern Art. It was again shown at the Seoul Museum of Art in 2012, Burtons next live-action short, Frankenweenie, was released in 1984. It tells the story of a boy who tries to revive his dog after it is run over by a car. Filmed in black-and-white, it stars Barret Oliver, Shelley Duvall, after Frankenweenie was completed, Disney fired Burton, under the pretext of him spending the companys resources on doing a film that would be too dark and scary for children to see. Pursuing then an opportunity to make a film, he was approached by Griffin Dunne to direct the black comedy film After Hours. However, after Martin Scorseses project The Last Temptation of Christ was cancelled, not long after, actor Paul Reubens saw Vincent and chose Burton to direct the cinematic spin-off of his popular character Pee-wee Herman. Pee-wee Herman gained mainstream popularity with a stage show at The Groundlings
Tim Burton
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Burton at the 2012
San Diego Comic-Con International
Tim Burton
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Tim Burton at the
64th Venice Film Festival
Tim Burton
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Tim Burton (right) and
Pedro Almodóvar (left) at the première of
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street in
Madrid, in 2007
Tim Burton
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Tim Burton speaking about
9 at
Comic-Con, 2009.
10.
Raymond Bonham Carter
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Raymond Henry Bonham Carter was a leading British banker, and a member of a distinguished British theatrical and political family. Bonham Carter was educated at St. Ronans School, Hawkhurst, Winchester College and Magdalen College, Oxford, at various times, he held senior posts with the Bank of England, the International Monetary Fund, Warburgs, and the Department of Industry. In 1958, he married Elena Propper de Callejón, daughter of Spanish diplomat Eduardo Propper de Callejón, together they had three children, Edward Bonham Carter Helena Bonham Carter, a two-time Academy Award nominated actress. Thomas Bonham Carter In 1979, he had a brain tumour which was removed by surgery but left him quadriplegic, how Helena’s grandfather was finally recognised as a true hero The Jewish Chronicle 8 February 2008, narrating how Eduardo Propper de Callejón was recognized as Righteous Among Nations recently
Raymond Bonham Carter
–
v
11.
Arthouse
–
An art film is typically a serious, independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience. Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as a film genre, art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres and film festivals. The term art film is more widely used in the United States, the UK and Australia than in Europe. A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to understand or appreciate such films. One mid-1990s art film was called largely a cerebral experience that one enjoys because of what you know about film and this contrasts sharply with mainstream blockbuster films, which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment. Since art films have small initial investment costs, they only need to appeal to a portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable. An art film may also be called an art movie, specialty film, art-house film, or, in the collective sense, there is overlap between the categories of art film, independent film and experimental film. The antecedents of art films included D. W. Griffiths Intolerance, the critics of the outside world praised these films. Art films were influenced by films by Spanish avant-garde creators, such as Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí. Cinéma Pur, a 1920s and 1930s French avant-garde film movement also influenced the development of the idea of art film, the cinema pur film movement included Dada artists, such as Man Ray, René Clair, and Marcel Duchamp. The Dadaists used film to transcend narrative conventions, bourgeois traditions, pure Cinema was influenced by such German absolute filmmakers as Hans Richter, Walter Ruttmann, and Viking Eggeling. Richter claimed that his 1921 film, Rhythmus 21, was the first abstract film ever created, nevertheless, Richters film Rhythmus 21 is considered an important early abstract film. William Siska argues that Italian neorealist films from the mid- to late-1940s, such as Open City, Paisa, Films shown in these art cinemas included. British, foreign-language, and independent American films, as well as documentaries, Films such as Rossellinis Open City and Mackendricks Tight Little Island, Bicycle Thieves and The Red Shoes were shown to substantial U. S. audiences. In the late 1950s, French filmmakers began to produce films that were influenced by Italian Neorealism and classical Hollywood cinema, auteur theory holds that the director is the author of his films, with a personal signature visible from film to film. The French New Wave movement continued into the 1960s, during the 1960s, the term art film began to be much more widely used in the United States than in Europe. In the U. S. the term is defined very broadly, to include foreign-language auteur films, independent films, experimental films, documentaries. In the 1960s art film became a euphemism in the U. S. for racy Italian, by the 1970s, the term was used to describe sexually explicit European films with artistic structure such as the Swedish film I Am Curious
Arthouse
–
Carl Theodor Dreyer, pictured here in 1965, directed the 1928 film
The Passion of Joan of Arc, which is widely regarded as a landmark of cinema.
Arthouse
–
A poster for Eisenstein's film The Battleship Potemkin
Arthouse
–
U.S. photographer and filmmaker
Man Ray (pictured here in 1934) was part of the
Dadaist "Cinéma Pur" film movement, which influenced the development of art film.
Arthouse
–
Screen shot of Apu and his mother in
Satyajit Ray 's
Indian film,
Apu Trilogy, 1955-59
12.
Hollywood
–
Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
Hollywood
–
The Four Ladies installation at the
Hollywood Boulevard –
La Brea Avenue Gateway
Hollywood
–
Glen-Holly Hotel, first hotel in Hollywood, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street. It was built in the 1890s.
Hollywood
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Hollywood Hotel, 1905
Hollywood
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The intersection of
Hollywood and Highland, 1907
13.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Janet Gaynor was the first winner in this category for her roles in
7th Heaven (1927),
Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), and
Street Angel (1928).
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Norma Shearer won in 1930 for her performance in
The Divorcee.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Katharine Hepburn has the most wins in this category for her roles in
Morning Glory (1933),
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967),
The Lion in Winter (1968), and
On Golden Pond (1981).
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Bette Davis won two awards from ten nominations for her roles in
Dangerous (1935) and
Jezebel (1938).
14.
The Wings of the Dove (1997 film)
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The Wings of the Dove is a 1997 British-American romantic drama film directed by Iain Softley and starring Helena Bonham Carter, Linus Roache, and Alison Elliott. The screenplay by Hossein Amini is based on the 1902 novel of the name by Henry James. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards and five BAFTAs, recognizing Bonham Carters performance, the screenplay, costume design, in 1910 London, England, Kate Croy lives under the careful watch of her domineering Aunt Maude. Lord Mark, an aristocrat with a large estate, begins to court Kate with Maudes approval. However Kate is secretly in love with a young muckraking journalist named Merton Densher, nonetheless she has continued to meet with Merton in secret, though he is growing increasingly impatient for her to leave her aunt and marry him. Aunt Maude confronts Kate about her association with Densher and threatens to withdraw her financial support from Kate. Kate reluctantly breaks with Merton and refuses to meet him anymore. The cynical Kate is captivated by Millys beauty, vivaciousness and humor, Kate and Merton reconcile and resume their secret meetings, one day they run into Milly and Kate introduces Merton as a friend. Soon after Milly invites Kate to accompany her and Susan to Venice, before leaving Lord Mark secretly reveals to Kate that Milly is terminally ill and that although he desires Kate he has to marry Milly to avoid losing his estates. Aware that Milly is indifferent to Lord Mark but is smitten with Merton, Kate invites Merton to Venice, Kate expects that the orphaned and lonely Milly will leave him her fortune after her death. During Kates, Millys, and Mertons excursions through Venice, Kate gradually becomes jealous of Millys attraction to Merton, Milly confronts her the next morning, though Kate denies that Merton is her lover. She realizes that she must leave, without warning Merton, if her scheme is to succeed, on their own in Venice, Mertons affection for Milly grows ever stronger and the two form a strong bond, even as her condition worsens. One day Merton spots Lord Mark at a cafe, alarmed, Susan visits him and Merton realizes that Kate has revealed their secret to Lord Mark to sabotage the whole scheme, knowing that Mark would tell Milly as revenge for her jilting him. Nonetheless Milly agrees to see Merton and the two share a moment where she forgives him and says that she still loves both him and Kate, despite their actions. A few days later, Milly dies and Merton and Susan attend her funeral, after Merton returns to London, Kate comes to Mertons flat. She asks why he has not come to see her in the weeks he has been back and finds a letter from Millys attorneys, Merton tells Kate that he will not take the money, and she must marry him without it if they are to be together. She agrees, and they make love, but afterwards, Kate asks him to tell her that he is not still in love with Milly, or his memory of her, and he cannot. Kate leaves him for good, knowing that her conniving has backfired, jamess, Freemasons Hall in Great Queen Street, Kensington Gardens, the National Liberal Club in Whitehall, the Richmond Fellowship, and the Old Royal Naval College in Greenwich
The Wings of the Dove (1997 film)
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Original poster
15.
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
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Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon was the wife of King George VI and the mother of Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon. She was the last Empress consort of India, born into a family of British nobility, she came to prominence in 1923 when she married Albert, Duke of York, the second son of King George V and Queen Mary. The couple and their daughters embodied traditional ideas of family and public service and she undertook a variety of public engagements and became known as the Smiling Duchess because of her consistent public expression. In 1936, her husband became king when his brother, Edward VIII. She accompanied her husband on diplomatic tours to France and North America before the start of World War II, during the war, her seemingly indomitable spirit provided moral support to the British public. In recognition of her role as an asset to British interests, after the war, her husbands health deteriorated and she was widowed at the age of 51. Her elder daughter, aged 25, became the new queen, on the death of Queen Mary in 1953, Elizabeth became the most senior member of the British royal family after the sovereign, and was viewed as the family matriarch. In her later years, she was a popular member of the family. She continued a public life until just a few months before her death at the age of 101, seven weeks after the death of her younger daughter. Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon was the youngest daughter and the ninth of ten children of Claude Bowes-Lyon, Lord Glamis, other possible locations include Forbes House in Ham, London, the home of her maternal grandmother, Louisa Scott. Her birth was registered at Hitchin, Hertfordshire, near the Strathmores English country house, St Pauls Walden Bury, which was also given as her birthplace in the census the following year. She was christened there on 23 September 1900, in the parish church, All Saints. She spent much of her childhood at St Pauls Walden and at Glamis Castle and she was educated at home by a governess until the age of eight, and was fond of field sports, ponies and dogs. When she started school in London, she astonished her teachers by precociously beginning an essay with two Greek words from Xenophons Anabasis and her best subjects were literature and scripture. After returning to education under a German Jewish governess, Käthe Kübler. On her fourteenth birthday, Britain declared war on Germany, four of her brothers served in the army. Her elder brother, Fergus, an officer in the Black Watch Regiment, was killed in action at the Battle of Loos in 1915, another brother, Michael, was reported missing in action on 28 April 1917. Three weeks later, the family discovered he had captured after being wounded
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
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Portrait by
Richard Stone, 1986
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
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Glamis Castle, the Strathmores' Scottish home
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
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Elizabeth (back row second from left) as a bridesmaid at the wedding of
Princess Mary and
Viscount Lascelles, 1922
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
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The Duke (right) and Duchess of York in
Queensland, 1927
16.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Alice Brady won for her performance in 1937's
In Old Chicago.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Hattie McDaniel won in 1939 for her role as Mammy in
Gone with the Wind, thus becoming the first black performer to win an Oscar.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Jane Darwell won for her performance as Ma Joad in
The Grapes of Wrath (1940).
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Teresa Wright won for her role in 1942's
Mrs Miniver.
17.
International Emmy Award for Best Actress
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The International Emmy Award for Best Performance by an Actress is a category of the International Emmy Awards, held since 2005 and which awards actresses outside the United States. The award ceremony takes place in New York City, the first awarded with the trophy was He Lin by the his role in Slave Mother, a telefilm produced by CCTV6 channel. Dutch Maryam Hassouni won in 2006 for her performance as Laila al Gatawi in Offers, in 2007, the International Emmy for best actress went to French Muriel Robin for her role as Marie Besnard in the Belgian-French telefilm The Poisoner. The first Emmy for best actress for Latin America was won by Argentinas Cristina Banegas for her role in the miniseries Televisión por la Inclusion, followed by Brazils Fernanda Montenegro in 2013. In 2015, Dutch Bianca Krijgsman wins for his performance in De Nieuwe Wereld, germanys Christiane Paul won as best actress for the German show Unterm Radar. Best Performance by an Actress, A female individual’s performance in a fiction program. Only performances from a program entered into the competition are eligible, the same performer may be submitted for different productions, as separate submissions. More than one female performance from the production may be submitted. The performer must appear in at least 10% of the running time of the submitted episode in order to be eligible. If the performance is part of a series, only one episode that had its first broadcast within the eligibility dates listed in Section I - Eligibility,2013 Emmy Awards International Emmy Awards
International Emmy Award for Best Actress
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Fernanda Montenegro, winner in 2013.
International Emmy Award for Best Actress
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Cristina Banegas, winner in 2012.
International Emmy Award for Best Actress
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Julie Walters, winner in 2011.
International Emmy Award for Best Actress
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Helena Bonham Carter, winner in 2010.
18.
Enid Blyton
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Enid Mary Blyton was an English childrens writer whose books have been among the worlds best-sellers since the 1930s, selling more than 600 million copies. Blytons books are enormously popular, and have been translated into almost 90 languages, her first book, Child Whispers. Her writing was unplanned and sprang largely from her unconscious mind, the sheer volume of her work and the speed with which it was produced led to rumours that Blyton employed an army of ghost writers, a charge she vigorously denied. Some libraries and schools banned her works, which the BBC had refused to broadcast from the 1930s until the 1950s because they were perceived to lack literary merit. Blyton felt she had a responsibility to provide her readers with a moral framework. In particular, through the clubs she set up or supported, she encouraged and organised them to raise funds for animal and paediatric charities. The story of Blytons life was dramatised in a BBC film entitled Enid, featuring Helena Bonham Carter in the title role, there have also been several adaptations of her books for stage, screen and television. Enid Blyton was born on 11 August 1897 in East Dulwich, South London, Enids younger brothers, Hanly and Carey, were born after the family had moved to a semi-detached villa in Beckenham, then a village in Kent. A few months after her birth Enid almost died from whooping cough, but was nursed back to health by her father, whom she adored. Thomas Blyton ignited Enids interest in nature, in her autobiography she wrote that he loved flowers and birds and wild animals, Enid was devastated when he left the family shortly after her thirteenth birthday to live with another woman. Enid and her mother did not have a relationship. From 1907 to 1915 Blyton attended St Christophers School in Beckenham and she was not so keen on all the academic subjects but excelled in writing, and in 1911 she entered Arthur Mees childrens poetry competition. Mee offered to print her verses, encouraging her to produce more, Blytons mother considered her efforts at writing to be a waste of time and money, but she was encouraged to persevere by Mabel Attenborough, the aunt of a school friend. Blytons father taught her to play the piano, which she mastered well enough for him to believe that she might follow in his sisters footsteps, Blyton considered enrolling at the Guildhall School of Music, but decided she was better suited to becoming a writer. Seckford Hall, with its allegedly haunted room and secret passageway provided inspiration for her later writing, at Woodbridge Congregational Church Blyton met Ida Hunt, who taught at Ipswich High School, and suggested that she train as a teacher. By this time she had almost ceased contact with her family, in March 1916 her first poems were published in Nashs Magazine. In 1920 she moved to Southernhay in Hook Road Surbiton as nursery governess to the four sons of architect Horace Thompson and his wife Gertrude, with whom Blyton spent four happy years. Owing to a shortage of schools in the area her charges were soon joined by the children of neighbours, in 1920 Blyton relocated to Chessington, and began writing in her spare time
Enid Blyton
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Enid Blyton
Enid Blyton
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Signature
Enid Blyton
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Seckford Hall in
Woodbridge, Suffolk, was an inspiration to Blyton with its haunted room, secret passageway and sprawling gardens.
Enid Blyton
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Child Whispers (1922)
19.
Enid (film)
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Enid is a 2009 British biographical television film first broadcast on 16 November on BBC Four. Directed by James Hawes it is based on the life of childrens writer Enid Blyton, the film introduced the two main lovers of Blytons life. Her first husband Hugh Pollock, who was also her publisher, was played by Matthew Macfadyen, Kenneth Darrell Waters, a London surgeon who became Blytons second husband, was portrayed by Denis Lawson. The film explored how the orderly, reassuringly clear worlds Blyton created within her stories contrasted with the complexity of her own personal life. Helena Bonham Carter as Enid Blyton Matthew Macfadyen as Hugh Pollock, Blytons publisher, first husband, Denis Lawson as Kenneth Darrell Waters, A London surgeon who becomes Blytons second husband following her divorce from Pollock. The film is a major drama for Carnival Film & Television for BBC Four. Enid at the Internet Movie Database BBC Press Release
Enid (film)
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Enid
20.
Lady Jane (1986 film)
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Lady Jane is a 1986 British costume drama romance film directed by Trevor Nunn, written by David Edgar, and starring Helena Bonham Carter as the title character. It tells the story of Lady Jane Grey, the Nine Days Queen, on her reign, the film features several members of The Royal Shakespeare Company. The story had previously been turned into a 1936 film Tudor Rose, the death of King Henry VIII of England throws his kingdom into chaos as his heir, Edward VI of England, is both under-age and in poor health. Jane is not happy with the marriage, and must be forced into it through corporal punishment by her parents. At first Jane and Guildford decide to treat their union purely as a marriage of convenience, after Edward VI dies, Jane is placed on the throne. She is troubled by the legality of her accession, but after consulting with Guildford, turns the tables on John Dudley. After only nine days, however, Queen Jane is abandoned by her council precisely because of her reformist designs for the country, the council then supports Mary, who at first imprisons Jane and Guildford. Consumed with guilt, Janes father, the Duke of Suffolk, raises a rebellion to restore her to the throne, when the rebellion fails, Queen Mary I offers to spare Janes life if she renounces her Protestant faith. When she refuses, Jane, her father and Guildford are all executed, interior scenes of Hever Castle were used. The long gallery was used in the scene where Jane visits Queen Mary, the moat around Leeds Castle was used in the scene where Dudley first visits Lady Jane. Lady Jane at the Internet Movie Database Lady Jane at AllMovie
Lady Jane (1986 film)
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Cinema poster
Lady Jane (1986 film)
21.
A Room with a View (1985 film)
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A Room with a View is a 1985 British romance film, directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant, of E. M. Forsters 1908 novel of the same name. The film closely follows the novel by use of the titles to section the film into thematic segments. It stars Helena Bonham Carter as Lucy, Julian Sands as George and Maggie Smith, Denholm Elliott, Daniel Day-Lewis, Judi Dench, the film was a success at the box office as well as receiving universal critical acclaim. At the 59th Academy Awards it was nominated for eight awards including Best Picture and it also won five British Academy Film Awards and one Golden Globe Award. In 1999 the British Film Institute voted A Room with a View the 73rd greatest British film of the 20th Century, Lucy Honeychurch is from an English village in Surrey and is on holiday in Italy with her much older cousin and chaperone, Charlotte Bartlett. Charlotte is conventionally English, with an extremely restrictive personality, Lucy has been brought up in an upper-middle class but loving and easygoing household, and has fewer inhibitions, which creates strong tension between herself and Charlotte. They are contrasted with the more free-thinking and free-spirited backdrop of Italy and these men, although also English, represent the forward-thinking ideals of the turn-of-the-century, seeking to leave behind the repression and caution that was the norm in Victorian times. At first, the Emersons seem strange and unfamiliar to Charlotte, the men seem sincere but unaware of finer upper-class Victorian manners. Mr. Emerson offers to switch rooms with the women, who desire a room with a view, Charlotte is offended, believing him to be rude and tactless for what she perceives to be indebting them with his offer. As Lucy begins her journey to maturity, she finds herself drawn to George due to his mysterious thinking, a number of people staying at the pension take a carriage ride in the country. A mischievous Italian driver gets back at Charlotte by misdirecting an unchaperoned Lucy to George in a field as he admires the view. George suddenly embraces and passionately kisses Lucy as she approaches him, Charlotte has followed Lucy, witnesses the act, and quickly stops the intimacy. Georges unreserved passion shocks Lucy, but also lights a secret desire, Charlotte suggests that George kissing her was the act of a rake. Charlotte makes reference to a heartbreak from her youth that occurred the way and has behaved accordingly with disgust. Charlotte uses guilt to coerce Lucy to secrecy to save both their reputations as a lady and a chaperone, but it is mostly for her own benefit. Normally, if a young man kissed a young lady, an engagement should be announced to preserve her reputation, upon returning to England, Lucy tells her mother nothing and pretends to forget the incident. She accepts a proposal from a wealthy and respectable but snobbish. Cecil seems lacking in personality or emotion, and instead of playing tennis with her, prefers to walk around outside, the appearance of George in the village soon disrupts Lucys plans and causes her suppressed feelings to resurface, complicated by the supposed need for secrecy
A Room with a View (1985 film)
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Theatrical release poster
22.
Ophelia
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Ophelia is a character in William Shakespeares play Hamlet. She is a noblewoman of Denmark, the daughter of Polonius, sister of Laertes. She is one of the two characters in the play. In Ophelias first speaking appearance in the play, she is seen with her brother, Laertes, Laertes warns her that Hamlet, the heir to the throne of Denmark, does not have the freedom to marry whomever he wants. Ophelias father, Polonius, who enters while Laertes is leaving, also forbids Ophelia from pursuing Hamlet, based on what Ophelia told him, Polonius concludes that he was wrong to forbid Ophelia from seeing Hamlet, and that Hamlet must be mad with love for her. Polonius immediately decides to go to Claudius, the new King of Denmark and also Hamlets uncle and stepfather, Polonius later suggests to Claudius that they hide behind an arras to overhear Hamlet speaking to Ophelia, when Hamlet thinks the conversation is private. Since Polonius is now sure that Hamlet is lovesick for Ophelia, Claudius agrees to try the eavesdropping plan later. The plan leads to what is called the Nunnery Scene. Polonius instructs Ophelia to stand in the lobby of the castle while he, Hamlet enters the room in a different world from the others, and recites his To be, or not to be soliloquy. Hamlet approaches Ophelia and talks to her, saying Get thee to a nunnery, Hamlet asks Ophelia where her father is and she lies to him, saying her father must be at home. Hamlet realizes he is being spied and he exits after declaring, I say we will have no more marriages. Ophelia is left bewildered and heartbroken, sure that Hamlet is insane and she knows that ultimately it is she that broke him because she lied. She was the woman he had loved and a friend whom he trusted, after Hamlet storms out, Ophelia makes her O, what a noble mind is here oerthrown soliloquy. The next time Ophelia appears is at the Mousetrap Play, which Hamlet has arranged in order to try to prove that Claudius killed King Hamlet, Hamlet sits with Ophelia and makes sexually suggestive remarks, he also says that womans love is brief. Later that night, after the play, Hamlet kills Polonius during a meeting between Hamlet and his mother, Queen Gertrude. At Ophelias next appearance, after her fathers death, she has gone mad and she talks in riddles and rhymes, and sings some mad and bawdy songs about death and a maiden losing her virginity. She exits after bidding everyone a good night, the last time Ophelia appears in the play is after Laertes comes to the castle to challenge Claudius over the death of his father, Polonius. Ophelia sings more songs and hands out flowers, citing their symbolic meanings, although interpretations of the meanings differ
Ophelia
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John William Waterhouse 's painting Ophelia (1894)
Ophelia
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Hamlet, Act IV, Scene V (Ophelia Before the King and Queen), Benjamin West, 1792
Ophelia
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Ophelia by
John Everett Millais (1852) is part of the
Tate Gallery collection. His painting influenced the image in
Kenneth Branagh 's Hamlet
Ophelia
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Ophelia by
Alexandre Cabanel
23.
Hamlet (1990 film)
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Hamlet is a 1990 American drama film based on the Shakespearean tragedy of the same name directed by Franco Zeffirelli and starring Mel Gibson as the eponymous character. The film also features Glenn Close, Alan Bates, Paul Scofield, Ian Holm, Helena Bonham Carter, Stephen Dillane and it is notable for being the first film from Icon Productions, a company co-founded by Gibson. In Denmark, Prince Hamlet finds himself involved in a conspiracy of power to the royal palace, cruel uncle Claudius kills his brother and takes the power of the kingdom. After an encounter with the restless ghost of his father, Hamlet feigns madness. Mel Gibson was at that press conference, where it was announced that he would play Hamlet. Zeffirelli had set out to make a Shakespearian adaptation that would be accessible and appealing to younger viewers, Glenn Close was another obvious choice, having had recent box-office success with such Hollywood thrillers as Jagged Edge and Fatal Attraction. Financing was provided on loan from a Dutch bank by Carolco Pictures, Barry Spikings Nelson Entertainment, filming was set to begin on April 23,1990, with an 11-week shooting schedule. Dunnottar Castle, Stonehaven and Blackness Castle were used as locations in the film, dover Castle provided the main location for Elsinore Castle, the home of Hamlet and his family. Interiors were filmed at Shepperton Studios in London, norma Moriceau was the projects initial costume designer, but quit for unknown reasons, to be replaced by Maurizio Millenotti. Tailors from Shepperton assembled the costumes, the film attracted little attention from major Hollywood studios, until post-production, when companies such as Warner Bros. Paramount, and Orion expressed interest in purchasing the film, Nelson Entertainment, which held the North American distribution rights, licensed theatrical exhibition to Warner as part of an incentive to lure Gibson into making Lethal Weapon 3. Despite Nelson owning a home video arm, they sold the rights to Warner as well. Warner Bros. attempted to attract high schools with study guides, an hour-long educational video titled Mel Gibson Goes Back to School was released in conjunction with the film, showing the actor lecturing Hamlet to a group of high-school students in Los Angeles. To this end, he cast Gibson — then famous for the Mad Max, cartmell also notes that the text is drastically cut, but with the effect of enhancing the roles of the women. J. Lawrence Guntner has suggested that Zeffirellis cinematography borrows heavily from the film genre that made Gibson famous. In casting Gibson, the director has said to have made the stars reputation part of the performance. Indeed, Gibson was cast after Zeffirelli watched his character, Martin Riggs, the fight between Hamlet and Laertes is an example of using Gibsons experience in action movies, Gibson handily depicts Hamlet as an experienced fencer. Initial reviews for Zeffirellis Hamlet were mixed, noted critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three-and-a-half out of four stars, calling Mel Gibsons portrayal of the Danish Prince a strong, intelligent performance
Hamlet (1990 film)
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Theatrical release poster
24.
Where Angels Fear to Tread (film)
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Where Angels Fear to Tread is a 1991 British drama film directed by Charles Sturridge. The screenplay by Sturridge, Tim Sullivan, and Derek Granger is based on the 1905 novel of the title by E. M. Forster. There she falls in love with both the countryside and Gino Carella, a young villager, and she decides to stay. He and Caroline return home, unable to forgive themselves for not putting an end to what they see as an unsuitable marriage. Their relationship becomes less volatile when Lilia becomes pregnant, but she dies in childbirth, when word of Lilias death reaches England, Caroline decides to return to Italy to save the boy from what she believes will surely be a difficult life. Philip cant seem to settle it, and do the right thing, harriet is left to take matters into her own hands and makes a decision that leads to tragic consequences. In contrast to the novel, the film adds a positive ending to the changes in the story, the film was shot on location in San Gimignano in the province of Siena. Irma Janet Maslin of the New York Times observed the film has been faithfully but unimaginatively directed by Charles Sturridge, principal asset here is a very fine cast. Mr. Sturridges assault on his material is strictly frontal, with a screenplay. that adequately summarizes the novel, although the film stumbles unimaginatively over some of Forsters more elaborate scenes. And although it moves back and forth between Italy and England, its most significant lapse is visual. Tuscany, as photographed by Michael Coulter, is never as ravishing as it deserves to be either for strictly scenic purposes or for illustrating Forsters view of Italys magnetic allure, even so, the material and the performances often rise above these limitations. At its occasional best, Where Angels Fear to Tread even captures the transcendent aspects of Forsters tale, there are also some problems with the casting – especially that of Giovanni Guidelli, who never seems like a real character and is sometimes dangerously close to being a comic Italian. The tug-of-war over the baby is uncomfortably melodramatic, and the closing sequence of the movie seems written. Rita Kempley of the Washington Post thought Sturridge seems less like a director than an impersonal subtitler. He takes no liberties with the material, he translates the story from page to screen. On the whole, its rather like reading without the effort of holding the book, for many, this will do quite nicely, thank you. Others will find it all too stranglingly Anglophilic, which is perhaps the point, owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly graded the film C, noting except for Helen Mirrens brief, mischievous performance. The movie remains frustratingly distant from its characters inner lives, time Out New York said, The performances and scenery cannot be faulted
Where Angels Fear to Tread (film)
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Original poster
25.
Howards End (film)
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Howards End is a 1992 British romantic drama film based upon the novel of the same name by E. M. Forster, a story of class relations in turn-of-the-20th-century England. The film—produced by Merchant Ivory Productions as their third adaptation of a Forster novel —was the first film to be released by Sony Pictures Classics, the screenplay was written by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant. Howards End was entered as Official selection for Cannes International Film Festival, in 1993, the film received nine Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture for Ismail Merchant and Best Director for James Ivory. The film won three awards, including for Best Art Direction, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala earned her second Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, while Emma Thompson won the 1992 Academy Award for Best Actress. The film asks the question Who will inherit England, and answers it through the ownership of the house, Howards End, as it passes from person to person. The younger sister, Helen Schlegel, briefly engaged to the younger Wilcox son. They realise their mistake and break it off by mutual consent, Ruth is descended from English yeoman stock and it is through her family that the Wilcoxes have come to own Howards End, a house she loves dearly. It stands symbolically above class distinction, representing rural England, the tapestry of its manifold traditions. Over the course of the few months, the two women become very good friends, and Ruth eventually regards Margaret as a kindred spirit. Hearing that the lease on the Schlegels London house is due to expire and this causes great consternation to the Wilcoxes, who refuse to believe that Ruth was in her right mind or could possibly have intended her home to go to a relative stranger. The Wilcoxes burn the piece of paper on which Ruths bequest is written, Henry Wilcox is aware, as Margaret is not, that he has prevented the Schlegels from finding a home at Howards End. Therefore, he offers to help Margaret look for a new place to live, as a result, they get to know each other quite well. Some time before this the Schlegels had befriended a young, poor, yet highly intellectual clerk, both sisters find him remarkable, infused with a spirit of romantic ambition as Margaret puts it. Wishing to improve his lot, they pass along advice from Henry to the effect that Leonard must leave his post, Leonard acts on this advice in good faith, but finds himself in a far worse position, indeed he is unable to find any employment. The two plot lines converge unexpectedly at the scene of the wedding party of Evie Wilcox. Helen has found the Basts destitute, on the verge of starvation, and brings them from London to Shropshire, where she storms into the garden party, jacky Bast overeats and gets drunk, Margaret approaches her with Henry trying to resolve the situation. Jacky recognises Henry immediately and Margaret learns that years previously. Humiliated and suspicious, Henry breaks off the engagement, nevertheless, he and Margaret make their peace with each other the same evening, and she forgives his moral transgression, valiantly determining, this is not going to trouble us
Howards End (film)
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Theatrical release poster
26.
Woody Allen
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Heywood Woody Allen is an American actor, writer, director, comedian, playwright, and musician whose career spans more than six decades. He worked as a writer in the 1950s, writing jokes and scripts for television. In the early 1960s, Allen began performing as a stand-up comedian, as a comedian, he developed the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he maintains is quite different from his real-life personality. In 2004, Comedy Central ranked Allen in fourth place on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians and he is often identified as part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmakers of the mid-1960s to late 1970s. Allen often stars in his films, typically in the persona he developed as a standup, some of the best-known of his over 40 films are Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Hannah and Her Sisters. In 2007 he said Stardust Memories, The Purple Rose of Cairo, critic Roger Ebert described Allen as a treasure of the cinema. Allen won four Academy Awards, three for Best Original Screenplay and one for Best Director and he also won nine British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. His screenplay for Annie Hall was named the funniest screenplay by the Writers Guild of America in its list of the 101 Funniest Screenplays, in 2011, PBS televised the film biography Woody Allen, A Documentary on the American Masters TV series. Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg in Brooklyn, New York and he and his sister, Letty, were raised in Midwood, Brooklyn. He is the son of Nettie, a bookkeeper at her familys delicatessen, and Martin Konigsberg and his family was Jewish, his grandparents immigrated from Russia and Austria, and spoke Yiddish, Hebrew, and German. His parents were born and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. His childhood was not particularly happy, his parents did not get along, Allen spoke German quite a bit in his early years. He would later joke that when he was young he was sent to inter-faith summer camps. While attending Hebrew school for eight years, he went to Public School 99 and to Midwood High School, at that time, he lived in an apartment at 968 East 14th Street. Unlike his comic persona, he was interested in baseball than school. He impressed students with his talent at card and magic tricks. To raise money, he wrote jokes for agent David O. Alber, at the age of 17, he legally changed his name to Heywood Allen and later began to call himself Woody Allen. According to Allen, his first published joke read, Woody Allen says he ate at a restaurant that had O. P. S and he was then earning more than both parents combined
Woody Allen
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Allen in the 1970s
Woody Allen
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Allen as a high school senior, 1953
Woody Allen
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Allen with the Broadway cast of Play It Again, Sam (1969).
Woody Allen
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Allen candid from 2006
27.
Mighty Aphrodite
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Mighty Aphrodite is a 1995 American romantic comedy film written, directed by, and co-starring Woody Allen, alongside Mira Sorvino, Helena Bonham Carter, Michael Rapaport, and F. Murray Abraham. The film opens on ancient Greek ruins where a chanting Greek chorus introduces and narrates the story of Lenny Weinrib, Lenny is a sportswriter in Manhattan, married to ambitious curator Amanda. The couple decide to adopt a baby, a boy they name Max, Lenny is awed by their son who, it becomes increasingly clear, is a gifted child. Lenny becomes obsessed with learning the identity of Maxs biological mother, Lenny makes an appointment to see her at her apartment. Linda is a bit of a ditz with a sense of humor. Lenny does not have intercourse with her but instead urges her to get away from prostitution, Linda becomes angry, refunds Lennys money, and forces him to leave. Lenny, however, is determined to befriend her and improve her life and he first manages to get Linda away from her violent pimp and then attempts to pair Linda with a former boxer, Kevin. They appear to be a couple until Kevin discovers Lindas background. Meanwhile, Lenny and Amanda have been drifting apart, due to Lennys obsession with Linda, Amanda tells Lenny she wants to explore her relationship with Jerry. Lenny and Linda console each other over their break-ups, and end up engaging in intercourse. However, the next day Lenny reconciles with Amanda, and they realize that they are still in love, Linda tries unsuccessfully to get back with Kevin but on the drive back to Manhattan, she sees a helicopter dropping out of the sky. She pulls over and gives the pilot, Don, a ride and it is revealed by the Greek chorus that they will end up married, although Linda is now pregnant with Lennys child. Some years later, Linda and Lenny meet in a toy store and they both have each others children but do not realize it. Linda thanks Lenny for everything he did to help her and then leaves Lenny dumbstruck, the film ends with the Greek chorus singing and dancing. Graciela Daniele choreographed the dance routines, the Greek chorus includes George de la Peña and Pamela Blair. Tony Sirico and Paul Giamatti make brief appearances in minor roles, Manhattan locations include Bowling Green, Central Park, and FAO Schwarz. Additional exteriors were filmed in North Tarrytown and Quogue, the Greek chorus scenes were filmed in the Teatro Greco in Taormina on the island of Sicily. Four weeks into the production, Allen spoke with Sorvino asking if she had ever wondered about using a different voice, Sorvino stated that the voice affected how she approached the character, and that if she changed the voice the character changed
Mighty Aphrodite
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Theatrical release poster
Mighty Aphrodite
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Characters
28.
Fight Club
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Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk. The film was directed by David Fincher, and stars Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, Norton plays the unnamed protagonist, referred to as the narrator, who is discontented with his white-collar job. He forms a club with soap maker Tyler Durden, played by Pitt. The narrator becomes embroiled in a relationship with Durden and a woman, Marla Singer. Palahniuks novel was optioned by 20th Century Fox producer Laura Ziskin, Fincher was one of four directors the producers considered, and was selected because of his enthusiasm for the film. Fincher developed the script with Uhls and sought screenwriting advice from the cast, the director and the cast compared the film to Rebel Without a Cause and The Graduate. They said its theme was the conflict between a generation of people and the value system of advertising. The director copied the homoerotic overtones from Palahniuks novel to make audiences uncomfortable, studio executives did not like the film and restructured Finchers intended marketing campaign to try to reduce anticipated losses. It was cited as one of the most controversial and talked-about films of 1999, the film later found critical and commercial success with its DVD release, which established Fight Club as a cult film. The unnamed Narrator is a traveling automobile recall specialist who suffers from insomnia, the group assumes that he, too, is affected like they are, and he spontaneously weeps into the nurturing arms of another man, finding a freedom from the catharsis that relieves his insomnia. He decides to participate in groups of various kinds, always allowing the groups to assume that he suffers what they do. However, he begins to notice another impostor, Marla Singer, whose presence reminds him that he is attending these groups dishonestly, the two negotiate to avoid their attending the same groups, but, before going their separate ways, Marla gives him her phone number. On a flight home from a trip, the Narrator meets Tyler Durden. After the flight, the Narrator returns home to find that his apartment has been destroyed by an explosion, with no one else to contact, he calls Tyler, and they meet at a bar. After a conversation about consumerism, outside the bar, Tyler chastises the Narrator for his timidity about needing a place to stay, Tyler requests that the Narrator hit him, which leads the two to engage in a fistfight. The Narrator moves into Tylers home, a dilapidated house in an industrial area of their city. They have further fights outside the bar on subsequent nights, the fighting eventually moves to the bars basement where the men form a club which routinely meets only to provide an opportunity for the men to fight recreationally. Marla overdoses on pills and telephones the Narrator for help, he ignores her, leaving his phone receiver
Fight Club
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Theatrical release poster
Fight Club
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The opening scene in Fight Club that represents a brain's
neural network in which the thought processes are initiated by the narrator's fear impulse. The network was mapped using an
L-system and drawn out by a medical illustrator.
29.
Bellatrix Lestrange
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Death Eaters are fictional characters in the Harry Potter series of novels and films. They are a group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, Death Eaters recognise one another by the Dark Mark on their left forearm, a sign created by Voldemort to summon him instantly to them or vice versa. Their typical attire includes black hooded robes and masks, Death Eaters are wizards and witches led by Lord Voldemort. Some, like Bellatrix Lestrange, are the kind of Death Eaters that Voldemort is most close to, Death Eaters have a Dark Mark on their forearm, that Voldemort can use to summon all of the Death Eaters. When Voldemort failed to kill Harry Potter, he lost his powers and was upset when he returned because no Death Eater had come looking for him and they also did this to people who were blood traitors. Around 10 years after the Death Eaters first surfaced, a Seer named Sybill Trelawney made a prophecy about a boy who would have the power to defeat Voldemort forever. The prophecy could have referred to two different boys, Harry Potter or Neville Longbottom, however, Voldemort chose Harry as said in the prophecy, that the Dark Lord would mark him as his equal. As Voldemort was a half-blood, he chose his equal, Harry, whose mother was a Muggle-born witch, instead of Neville, acting on information from James and Lily Potters Secret-Keeper Peter Pettigrew, Voldemort attempted to complete the prophecy and kill his infant rival. Due to Harrys mothers sacrifice to save her son, Voldemorts deadly curse rebounded off Harry, with Voldemort vanquished after failing to kill Harry, the Death Eaters largely disbanded. The Lestranges are the only Death Eaters known to have sacrificed their freedom for Voldemort. This is something that does not go unnoticed by him, as he claims, when he returns, early in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire a group of Death Eaters rallies after the Quidditch World Cup. They gather to form a spectacle and disturbance which spreads instant chaos. Their appearance alone creates hysteria, and their numbers grow while they torture muggles and it concludes when the Dark Mark is produced in the sky by Barty Crouch Jr, frightening Death Eaters and Ministry officials alike. Voldemort, having regained his strength at the end of Harry Potter. Except for Severus Snape, those dead, imprisoned, or afraid to return, Voldemort states at his rebirth, And here we have six missing Death Eaters. three dead in my service. One, too cowardly to return. he will pay, one, who I believe has left me forever. he will be killed, of course. and one, who remains my most faithful servant, and who has already reentered my service. Based on later happenings in the books, it can be deduced that the one too cowardly to return is Igor Karkaroff. The one who I believe has left me forever is Severus Snape, the most faithful servant is Barty Crouch Jr. who has already been in place at Hogwarts working for Voldemort
Bellatrix Lestrange
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Lord Voldemort (center) with Bellatrix Lestrange (left), Lucius Malfoy (right) and several masked Death Eaters (back) in
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
30.
Harry Potter (film series)
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Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J. K. Rowling. A spin-off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts, the Fantastic Beasts films mark the beginning of a shared media franchise known as J. K. Rowlings Wizarding World. The series was produced by David Heyman, and stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint. Four directors worked on the series, Chris Columbus, Alfonso Cuarón, Mike Newell, the screenplays were written by Steve Kloves, with the exception of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, which was written by Michael Goldenberg. Production took over ten years to complete, with the story arc following Harry Potters quest to overcome his arch-enemy Lord Voldemort. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the seventh and final novel in the series, was adapted into two feature-length parts, Part 1 was released in November 2010, and Part 2 was released in July 2011. Without inflation adjustment, it is the second highest-grossing film series with $8.5 billion in worldwide receipts, late in 1997, film producer David Heymans London offices received a copy of the first book in what would become Rowlings series of seven Harry Potter novels. The book, Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, was relegated to a low-priority bookshelf, consequently, Heyman, who had originally disliked the rubbish title, read the book himself. Highly impressed by Rowlings work, he began the process led to one of the most successful cinematic franchises of all time. Heymans enthusiasm led to Rowlings 1999 sale of the rights for the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million. Although Steven Spielberg initially negotiated to direct the first film, he declined the offer, Spielberg wanted the adaptation to be an animated film, with American actor Haley Joel Osment to provide Harry Potters voice. Spielberg contended that, in his opinion, there was every expectation of profit in making the film and he claims that making money would have been like shooting ducks in a barrel. Its just like withdrawing a billion dollars and putting it into your personal bank accounts, petersen and Reiner both pulled out of the running in March 2000. It was then narrowed down to Columbus, Gilliam, Parker, Rowlings first choice was Terry Gilliam. Harry Potter is the kind of literary achievement that comes around once in a lifetime. Since the books have generated such a following across the world. I cant think of anyone more ideally suited for this job than Chris, Steve Kloves was selected to write the screenplay for the first film. He described adapting the book as tough since it did not lend itself to adaptation as well as the two books
Harry Potter (film series)
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Daniel Radcliffe,
Emma Watson, and
Rupert Grint at the world premiere of
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 in
Trafalgar Square,
London on 7 July 2011.
Harry Potter (film series)
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Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, where much of the film series was shot. Harry Potter was also filmed in other areas, including
Pinewood Studios.
Harry Potter (film series)
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David Yates directed four of the films in the series, including the two-part finale Deathly Hallows.
Harry Potter (film series)
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A studio model of
Hogwarts. It is the main setting in the series; the castle features in every novel and screen adaptation.
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Quotations from Wikiquote
Data from Wikidata
