Heliocentrism is a superseded astronomical model that placed the Sun at the center of the universe, with the Earth and the planets in its orbit. It superseded geocentrism, which placed the Earth at th
Andreas Cellarius's illustration of the Copernican system, from the Harmonia Macrocosmica
Aristarchus' 3rd century BCE calculations on the relative sizes of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon, from a 10th-century CE Greek copy
An illustration from al-Biruni's astronomical works explains the different phases of the Moon with respect to the position of the Sun.
Nicholas of Cusa, 15th century, asked whether there was any reason to assert that any point was the center of the universe.
Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry to explain their origin and their overall evolutio
Megaliths from Nabta Playa, constructed by Neolithic populations, located in Aswan, Upper Egypt.
The Nebra sky disc found on Mittenberg hill in Germany and dated to c. 1800–1600 BCE.
A Babylonian planisphere (7th century BCE) was an early astronomical instrument. Its use of sexagesimals (e.g. 12, 24, 60, 360) is still being used today through having been broadly adopted for timekeeping and astrometry.
Portrait of Alfraganus in the Compilatio astronomica, 1493. Islamic astronomers collected and translated Indian, Persian and Greek texts, adding their own work.