South Kirkby
South Kirkby is a town in the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, governed locally by South Kirkby and Moorthorpe Town Council. The town forms half of the civil parish of South Moorthorpe; the parish has a population of 10,979. The town retains its own town council and is represented on the district council by Wilf Benson, Michelle Collins and Steve Tulley; the South Kirkby and Moorthorpe Town Council motto is'Friendship, Unity & Progress', the two settlements have been twinned with Sprockhövel in the Ruhr Valley of Germany since 1981. The establishment of'Sprockhövel International Friendship Circle' led to the same named organisation in South Kirkby & Moorthorpe. Since that time the Sprockhövel IFK and the South Kirkby & Moorthorpe IFC have organised an annual exchange visit; the town was first mentioned 1086 in the Domesday Book, South Kirkby retains the site of the original Saxon settlement. The foundations and part of the walls of'All Saints Church' in South Kirkby are from the period.
For many centuries, they were both farming villages until the start of the industrial revolution. In 1881, with the foundation of the South Kirkby Colliery coal mine, an increase in population caused the villages to be extended until at its largest the two settlements housed all of the 3000 workers employed in the mine. In 1984, the miners' strike included the colliery's workforce but in vain. In 1988, South Kirkby Colliery along with many of the other coal mines in the immediate area closed and cleared for redevelopment; these included South Kirkby-Ferrymoor Riddings Drift, Frickley Colliery, Kinsley Drift, Grimethorpe Colliery. The town is home to South Kirkby Colliery football club, who have competed in the FA Cup many times in their history. Another early football club of note in the town were South Kirkby Wednesday, who were early rivals of South Kirkby Colliery and nearby Frickley Colliery. South Kirkby is served by two railway stations with a distance of one mile between them. Moorthorpe railway station is on line between Leeds and Sheffield with services being an hour on weekdays and Saturdays with a two-hourly service on Sundays.
South Elmsall railway station is on the line between Doncaster and Leeds with an hourly service on weekdays and Saturdays with Sunday being every two-hourly. Both stations are served by Northern. Wayne Benn played professional football for Bradford City. South Kirkby and Moorthorpe Town Council S. E. S. K. U. Boxing Academy
West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. West Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs and is bordered by the counties of Derbyshire to the south, Greater Manchester to the south-west, Lancashire to the north-west, North Yorkshire to the north and east, South Yorkshire to the south and south-east. Remnants of strong coal and iron ore industries remain in the county, having attracted people over the centuries, this can be seen in the buildings and architecture. Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and two major motorways traverse the county, which contains Leeds Bradford International Airport. West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986 so its five districts became unitary authorities.
However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres, continues to exist in law, as a geographic frame of reference. Since 1 April 2014 West Yorkshire has been a combined authority area, with the local authorities pooling together some functions over transport and regeneration as the West Yorkshire Combined Authority. West Yorkshire includes the West Yorkshire Urban Area, the biggest and most built-up urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire. West Yorkshire was formed as a metropolitan county in 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972, corresponds to the core of the historic West Riding of Yorkshire and the county boroughs of Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield and Wakefield. West Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council inherited the use of West Riding County Hall at Wakefield, opened in 1898, from the West Riding County Council in 1974. Since 1987 it has been the headquarters of Wakefield City Council; the county had a two-tier structure of local government with a strategic-level county council and five districts providing most services.
In 1986, throughout England the metropolitan county councils were abolished. The functions of the county council were devolved to the boroughs. Organisations such as the West Yorkshire Metro continue to operate on this basis. Although the county council was abolished, West Yorkshire continues to form a metropolitan and ceremonial county with a Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire and a High Sheriff. Wakefield's Parish Church was raised to cathedral status in 1888 and after the elevation of Wakefield to diocese, Wakefield Council sought city status and this was granted in July 1888; however the industrial revolution, which changed West and South Yorkshire led to the growth of Leeds and Bradford, which became the area's two largest cities. Leeds was granted city status in 1893 and Bradford in 1897; the name of Leeds Town Hall reflects the fact that at its opening in 1858 Leeds was not yet a city, while Bradford renamed its Town Hall as City Hall in 1965. The county borders, going anticlockwise from the west: Lancashire, Greater Manchester, South Yorkshire and North Yorkshire.
It lies entirely on rocks of carboniferous age which form the southern Pennine fringes in the west and the Yorkshire coalfield further eastwards. In the extreme east of the metropolitan county there are younger deposits of magnesian limestone; the Bradford and Calderdale areas are dominated by the scenery of the eastern slopes of the Pennines, dropping from upland in the west down to the east, dissected by many steep-sided valleys. Large-scale industry, housing and commercial buildings of differing heights, transport routes and open countryside conjoin; the dense network of roads and railways and urban development, confined by valleys creates dramatic interplay of views between settlements and the surrounding hillsides, as shaped the first urban-rural juxtapositions of David Hockney. Where most rural the land crops up in the such rhymes and folklore as On Ilkley Moor Bah'Tat, date unknown, the early 19th century novels and poems of the Brontë family in and around Haworth and long-running light comedy-drama Last of the Summer Wine in the 20th century.
The carboniferous rocks of the Yorkshire coalfield further east have produced a rolling landscape with hills and broad valleys. In this landscape there is widespread evidence of former industrial activity. There are numerous derelict or converted mine buildings and landscaped former spoil heaps; the scenery is a mixture of built up areas, industrial land with some dereliction, farmed open country. Ribbon developments along transport routes including canal and rail are prominent features of the area although some remnants of the pre industrial landscape and semi-natural vegetation still survive. However, many areas are affected by urban fringe pressures creating fragmented and downgraded landscapes and present are urban influences from major cities, smaller industrial towns and former mining villages. In the magnesian limestone belt to the east of the Leeds and Wakefield areas is an elevated ridge with smoothly rolling scenery, dissected by dry valleys. Here, there is a large number of country houses and estates with parkland, estate woodlands and game coverts.
The rivers Aire and Calder drain the area, flowing from west to east. The table below outlines many of the co
Ordnance Survey National Grid
The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references used in Great Britain, distinct from latitude and longitude. It is called British National Grid; the Ordnance Survey devised the national grid reference system, it is used in their survey data, in maps based on those surveys, whether published by the Ordnance Survey or by commercial map producers. Grid references are commonly quoted in other publications and data sources, such as guide books and government planning documents. A number of different systems exist that can provide grid references for locations within the British Isles: this article describes the system created for Great Britain and its outlying islands; the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system is used to provide grid references for worldwide locations, this is the system used for the Channel Islands and Ireland. European-wide agencies use UTM when mapping locations, or may use the Military Grid Reference System system, or variants of it.
OSGB uses Orthorectified images of many temporal resolution for one area. The grid is based on the OSGB36 datum, was introduced after the retriangulation of 1936–1962, it replaced the used Cassini Grid which, up to the end of World War II, had been issued only to the military. The Airy ellipsoid is a regional best fit for Britain; the British maps adopt a transverse Mercator projection with an origin at 49° N, 2° W. Over the Airy ellipsoid a straight line grid, the National Grid, is placed with a new false origin to eliminate negative numbers, creating a 700 km by 1300 km grid; this false origin is located south-west of the Isles of Scilly. In order to minimize the overall scale error, a factor of 2499/2500 is applied; this creates two lines of longitude about 180 km east and west of the central meridian along which the local scale factor equals 1, i.e. map scale is correct. Inside these lines the local scale factor is less than 1, with a minimum of 0.04% too small at the central meridian. Outside these lines the local scale factor is greater than 1, is about 0.04% too large near the east and west coasts.
Grid north and true north are only aligned on the central meridian of the grid, 2° W and approx. 2° 0′ 5″ W. OSGB 36 was used by Admiralty nautical charts until 2000 after which WGS 84 has been used. A geodetic transformation between OSGB 36 and other terrestrial reference systems can become quite tedious if attempted manually; the most common transformation is called the Helmert datum transformation, which results in a typical 7 m error from true. The definitive transformation from ETRS89, published by the OSGB is called the National Grid Transformation OSTN15; this models the detailed distortions in the 1936–1962 retriangulation, achieves backwards compatibility in grid coordinates to sub-metre accuracy. The difference between the coordinates on different datums varies from place to place; the longitude and latitude positions on OSGB 36 are the same as for WGS 84 at a point in the Atlantic Ocean well to the west of Great Britain. In Cornwall, the WGS 84 longitude lines are about 70 metres east of their OSGB 36 equivalents, this value rising to about 120 m east on the east coast of East Anglia.
The WGS 84 latitude lines are about 70 m south of the OSGB 36 lines in South Cornwall, the difference diminishing to zero in the Scottish Borders, increasing to about 50 m north on the north coast of Scotland. The smallest datum shift is on the greatest in Kent; these two datums are not both in general use in any one place, but for a point in the English Channel halfway between Dover and Calais, the ED50 longitude lines are about 20 m east of the OSGB36 equivalents, the ED50 latitude lines are about 150 m south of the OSGB36 ones. For the first letter, the grid is divided into squares of size 500 km by 500 km, outlined in dark grey on the map to the right. There are four of these which contain significant land area within Great Britain: S, T, N and H; the O square contains a tiny area of North Yorkshire all of which lies below mean high tide. For the second letter, each 500 km square is subdivided into 25 squares of size 100 km by 100 km, each with a letter code from A to Z starting with A in the north-west corner to Z in the south-east corner.
These squares are outlined in light grey with those containing land lettered. The central meridian is shown in red. Within each square and northings from the south west corner of the square are given numerically. For example, NH0325 means a 1 km square whose south-west corner is 3 km east and 25 km north from the south-west corner of square NH. A location can be indicated to varying resolutions numerically from two digits in each coordinate through to five.
City of Wakefield
The City of Wakefield is a local government district in West Yorkshire, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. Wakefield is the district's administrative centre; the population of the City of Wakefield at the 2011 Census was 325,837. The district includes the "Five Towns" of Normanton, Featherstone and Knottingley. Other towns include Ossett, South Kirkby and Moorthorpe and South Elmsall; the City and borough are governed by Wakefield Metropolitan District Council. Wakefield lies between Leeds and Barnsley In 2010, Wakefield was named as the UK's third most musical city by PRS for Music. In recent years, the economic and physical condition of several of the former mining towns and villages in Wakefield District have started to improve due to the booming economy of Leeds – and an increase in numbers of commuters to the city from the sub-region – and a recognition of undeveloped assets. For instance Castleford, to the North East of Wakefield is seeing extensive development and investment because of the natural asset of its outlook on to the River Aire, its easy access to the national motorway network and the availability of former mining land for house-building.
In Ossett, house prices have risen from an average of £50,000 in 1998 to £130,000 in 2003. Although unemployment was amongst the highest in the country for most of the 1980s, 1990s, Wakefield District now has below-average unemployment; the "Wakefield East" ward had 4.7% unemployment in May 2005 —which was more than 1% higher than any other ward. The eastern half of the district remains less prosperous than the western half, with several deprived wards The district is made out of old coal-mining towns, although other industries include wool, machine tools and other forms of manufacturing. Horbury is something of an anomaly in having had an iron works; when Margaret Thatcher came to power in 1979 there were 21 pits in the district. By the time the 1984 Strike began this had decreased to 15, however it still had more collieries than any other district in the country. At the time of privatisation in November 1994, only two remained: the Prince of Wales at Pontefract, which closed in 2002, Kellingley at Knottingley which closed in 2015 ending the industry that once dominated the district.
Most of the district's pits had been hardline during the 1984 strike. The former Borough of Wakefield was raised to city status by letters patent in 1888, it became a county borough in 1913, taking it out of the jurisdiction of the West Riding County Council. The present boundaries were set in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, when the county borough of Wakefield merged with the West Riding municipal boroughs of Castleford and Pontefract, the urban districts of Featherstone, Horbury, Knottingley and Stanley, along with Wakefield Rural District and parts of Hemsworth Rural District and Osgoldcross Rural District; the new metropolitan district's city status was reconfirmed by letters patent in 1974. The Council's headquarters is County Hall built for the West Riding County Council and acquired by Wakefield in 1989; the district is within a green belt region that extends into the wider surrounding counties, is in place to reduce urban sprawl, prevent the cities and towns in the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage brownfield reuse, preserve nearby countryside.
This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas, imposing stricter conditions on permitted building. The green belt surrounds the Wakefield built up area, stretches into the wider borough, with larger outlying towns and villages such as Hollingthorpe, Netherton, Castleford and Pontefract exempted from it. However, smaller villages and rural areas such as Warmfield and Heath, Stanley Ferry, Snydale and Chapelthorpe are'washed over' by the designation; the green belt was first adopted in 1987, the size in the borough in 2017 amounted to some 23,500 hectares. A subsidiary aim of the green belt is to encourage recreation and leisure interests, with rural landscape features, greenfield areas and facilities including the River Calder and valleys, the Aire and Calder navigation canal, Barnsley Canal, Walton nature reserve, Brandy Carr hill, Pugney's country park and lakes, Sandal Castle, Crigglestone Cemetery War Memorial, Crigglestone rugby club and Stanley sports centres, several golf courses, Church of St Peter the Apostle at Kirkthorpe, Fitzwilliam Country Park, the Stanley Ferry marina.
The district is divided into 21 wards, with each ward represented on the district's Wakefield Metropolitan District Council by three councillors. Each councillor is elected on a first past the post basis for a four-year period, staggered annually with the other councillors of that ward so that only one councillor per ward is up for election at any one time. Exceptions to this include by-elections and ward boundary changes; the city was the safest Labour council in England in 2003, but there was a short-lived swing against Labour in recent years. After the 2008 election results the Labour Party had a majority of just one; however the death of Labour councillor Graham Phelps meant that the authority was for a time in no overall control. Labour did however. In the May 2010 local elections Labour held all of their seats and made a net gain of one seat from the Independents increasing Labour's majority on the Council to three. Following the defection of an Independent to Labour, Labour's majority was increas
Jon Trickett
Jon Hedley Trickett is a British Labour politician, the Member of Parliament for Hemsworth in West Yorkshire since a 1996 by-election. He served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to Prime Minister Gordon Brown from 2008 to 2010 and was promoted to the Shadow Cabinet by Ed Miliband in 2011 as Shadow Minister for the Cabinet Office. Trickett was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government under new Party Leader Jeremy Corbyn in September 2015, before being appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Business and Skills in July 2016, he held this position until the shadow cabinet reshuffle in October 2016. Trickett studied at Roundhay Grammar School in Leeds, he received a BA in Politics from the University of Hull, an MA in Political Sociology from the University of Leeds. Formed politically by the anti-Vietnam war movement, he joined the Labour Party in 1969 and was active on the Labour left in Leeds from the late 1960s. From 1974 to 1986 he worked as a plumber. During the campaigns relating to the Common Market referendum in 1975 he was the secretary of the Vote No campaign in Leeds.
During the 1970s Trickett was a member of the ILP, contributed to its newspaper, the Labour Leader, was elected for a number of years to its ruling body, the National Administrative Council. Trickett was active in anti-fascist and anti-war movements, was a delegate to the Leeds Trades Council, he was the election agent for Michael McGowan who became the MEP for Leeds in 1984. Trickett was first elected to Leeds City Council for the Beeston ward in 1984 at the age of 34, he became Leader of the Council in 1989, holding the leadership until 1996 and his election to Parliament. He was replaced as Council Leader by Brian Walker and resigned his council seat after the May local elections. Elected on 1 February 1996 in a by-election brought about by the death of the previous MP, Labour's Derek Enright, Trickett was made PPS to Peter Mandelson after Labour was elected to power and worked in the Cabinet office and subsequently the DTI. After leaving the government at the time of Mandelson's fall from grace, Trickett was chair of the Compass pressure group.
He played a significant role in rebelling against the Iraq War and participated in demonstrations against the War in London and Leeds. He rebelled on a number of occasions against Tony Blair's reforms to public services, he led the demands for a recall of Parliament at the time of the Israeli attacks on the Lebanon. He led the campaign inside the Commons to amend the Companies Bill to secure public listed companies reporting on'supply chain issues' in line with the suggestions of a range of non governmental organisations, he was a leading figure in the campaign to prevent a decision to replace the Trident nuclear weapons system in 2007. He was Jon Cruddas's campaign manager during the 2007 Labour Party deputy leadership election. Trickett had voted against the Blair Government's 90-day detention proposals in the Terrorism Act 2006, publicly advocated by the police, was joined by both Labour and Conservative MPs in the vote, the only time Blair was defeated in the Commons. Trickett and Cruddas voted in favour of the subsequent 28-day detention proposal, Trickett resigned from his position in Compass after voting in favour of the legislation despite opposition to the Bill from some members of Compass.
Trickett was appointed by the trades unions as acting Chair of the Tribune newspaper Board in 2007, but gave up this role when the paper was taken over by a private proprietor. In June 2007 he was asked by Gordon Brown to chair the party's manifesto group on housing, a position which he declined to take up. Following the cabinet reshuffle of 3 October 2008, Trickett became the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown. On 7 October 2011, Trickett was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Minister for the Cabinet Office by Labour Leader Ed Miliband, he was re-elected to the House of Commons at the 2015 general election with a majority of 12,078. In 2016, a former British National Party candidate, was convicted of making an anti-semitic verbal attack upon Trickett. Trickett was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015. On 27 June 2016 Trickett was appointed as Shadow Lord President of the Council and Campaigns and Elections Director.
That year, Trickett was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Business and Skills. In July 2016, Trickett apologised for comments on Twitter which appeared to liken an attempted coup in Turkey to attempts to oust Jeremy Corbyn. Labour MP Michael Dugher said: “As death toll rises to 90, I'm sure Jon Trickett will reflect and realise this comparison is not clever and not funny.” Trickett deleted the apologised, saying: "Okay okay. Tweet deleted and withdrawn. Shouldn't tweet when feeling ill. I apologise sincerely”. Trickett married Sarah Balfour on 31 October 1993, they have three children. Jon Trickett MP official constituency website Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 2010–present Contributions in Parliament during 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 at Hansard Archives Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 1803–2005 Voting record at Public Whip Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou Profile at Westminster Parliamentary Record Articles authored at Journalisted
Postcodes in the United Kingdom
Postal codes used in the United Kingdom are known as postcodes. They are alphanumeric and were adopted nationally between 11 October 1959 and 1974, having been devised by the General Post Office. A full postcode is known as a "postcode unit" and designates an area with a number of addresses or a single major delivery point; the structure of a postcode is that of two alphanumeric codes, the first made up of between two and four characters, the second made up of three characters. First, one or two letters indicate the city or region, followed by one or two digits signifying a locality/ area or neighbourhoods in that city/ region; this is followed by a space and a number and two letters which are allocated to streets, sides of the street. The central part of the city or region a.k.a the city centre/ town centre will have the number 1 designation alongside the city code e.g. B1, LS1, M1 - all central addresses; as a general rule, a higher number indicates distance from that centre. See postcode area.
Postcodes have been adopted for a wide range of purposes in addition to aiding the sorting of the mail: for calculating insurance premiums, designating destinations in route planning software and as the lowest level of aggregation in census enumeration. The boundaries of each postcode unit and within these the full address data of about 29 million addresses are stored and periodically updated in the Postcode Address File database; the initial system of named postal districts, developed in London and other large cities from 1857, evolved towards the present form: in 1917 London was split into broad numbered subdivisions, this extended to the other cities in 1934. After the reorganisation of London in the 1960s, many parts of the city now lie outside the traditional postcode zone; this includes, but is not limited to, large parts of the "TW" "KT" "SM" "CR" "HA" and "UB" postcode areas, among a few others. As examples of the postcode system, the postcode of the University of Roehampton in London is SW15 5PU, where SW stands for south-west London, the postcode of GCHQ is GL51 0EX, where GL signifies the postal area of Gloucester.
The postal town does not relate to a specific town, county or region. GL51 is one of the postcodes for the town of Cheltenham. Theoretically, deliveries can reach their destination using the house post code alone; the London post town covers 40% of Greater London. On inception it was divided into ten postal districts: EC, WC, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW; the S and NE sectors were abolished. In 1917, as a wartime measure to improve efficiency, these were subdivided with a number applied to each sub-district, with the area served directly by the district head office as "1" with the others allocated alphabetically by delivery office, leading to N2 East Finchley delivery office, N3 Finchley delivery office, N4 Finsbury Park delivery office; these divisions changed little only changed for operational efficiency. Some older road signs in Hackney still indicate the North East sector/district. Following the successful introduction of postal districts in London, the system was extended to other large towns and cities.
Liverpool was divided into Eastern, Northern and Western districts in 1864/65, Manchester and Salford into eight numbered districts in 1867/68. In 1917, Dublin – still part of the United Kingdom – was divided into numbered postal districts; these continue in use in a modified form by the postal service of the Republic of Ireland. In 1923, Glasgow was divided in a similar way to London, with numbered districts preceded by a letter denoting the compass point. In January 1932 the Postmaster General approved the designation of some predominantly urban areas into numbered districts. In November 1934 the Post Office announced the introduction of numbered districts in "every provincial town in the United Kingdom large enough to justify it". Pamphlets were issued to each householder and business in ten areas notifying them of the number of the district in which their premises lay; the pamphlets included a map of the districts, copies were made available at local head post offices. The public were "particularly invited" to include the district number in the address at the head of letters.
A publicity campaign in the following year encouraged the use of the district numbers. The slogan for the campaign was "For speed and certainty always use a postal district number on your letters and notepaper". A poster was fixed to every pillar box in the affected areas bearing the number of the district and appealing for the public's co-operation; every post office in the numbered district was to display this information. Printers of Christmas cards and stationery were requested to always include district numbers in addresses, election agents for candidates in the upcoming general election were asked to ensure they addressed the 100 million items of mail they were expected to post. Businesses were issued with a free booklet containing maps and listings of the correct district number for every street in the ten areas; the ten areas were: Birmingham Brighton/Hove Bristol Edinburgh Glasgow Leeds/Bradford Liverpool Manchester/Salford Newcastle upon Tyne SheffieldFor example, Toxteth was Liverpool 8.
A single numbering sequence was shared by Manchester and Salford: letters would be addressed to Manchester 1 or Salford 7. Some Birmingham codes were sub-divided with a letter, such
West Riding of Yorkshire
The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. From 1889 to 1974 the administrative county, County of York, West Riding, was based on the historic boundaries; the lieutenancy at that time included the City of York and as such was named West Riding of the County of York and the County of the City of York. Its boundaries correspond to the present ceremonial counties of West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and the Craven and Selby districts of North Yorkshire, along with smaller parts in Lancashire, Greater Manchester and, since 1996, the unitary East Riding of Yorkshire; the West Riding encompasses 1,771,562 acres from Sheffield in the south to Sedbergh in the north and from Dunsop Bridge in the west to Adlingfleet in the east. The southern industrial district, considered in the broadest application of the term, extended northward from Sheffield to Skipton and eastward from Sheffield to Doncaster, covering less than one-half of the riding. Within this district were Barnsley, Bradford, Dewsbury, Halifax, Keighley, Morley, Pontefract, Rotherham, Sheffield and Wakefield.
Major centres elsewhere in the riding included Ripon. Within the industrial region, other urban districts included Bingley, Bolton on Dearne, Cleckheaton, Featherstone, Hoyland Nether, Mexborough, Normanton, Rothwell, Shipley, Sowerby Bridge, Swinton, Wath-upon-Dearne and Worsborough. Outside the industrial region were Goole, Ilkley and Selby; the West Riding contained a large rural area to the north including part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The subdivision of Yorkshire into three ridings or "thirds" is of Scandinavian origin; the West Riding was first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. Unlike most English counties, being so large, was divided first into the three ridings and the city of York; each riding was divided into wapentakes, a division comparable to the hundreds of Southern England and the wards of England's four northern-most historic counties. Within the West Riding of Yorkshire there were ten wapentakes in total, four of which were split into two divisions, those were— Claro, Skyrack and Tickhill and Staincliffe.
The wapentake of Agbrigg and Morley was created with two divisions but was split into two separate wapentakes. A wapentake known as the Ainsty to the west of York, was until the 15th century a wapentake of the West Riding, but since has come under the jurisdiction of the City of York The administrative county was formed in 1889 by the Local Government Act 1888, covered the historic West Riding except for the larger urban areas, which were county boroughs with the powers of both a municipal borough and a county council. There were five in number: Bradford, Huddersfield and Sheffield; the City of York was included in the county for lieutenancy purposes. The number of county boroughs increased over the years; the boundaries of existing county boroughs were widened. Beginning in 1898, the West Riding County Council was based at the County Hall in Wakefield, inherited by the West Yorkshire County Council in 1974; the Local Government Act 1888 included the entirety of Todmorden with the West Riding administrative county, in its lieutenancy area.
Other boundary changes in the county included the expansion of the county borough of Sheffield southward in areas in Derbyshire such as Dore. Fingerposts erected in the West Riding. At the top of the post was a roundel in the form of a hollow circle with a horizontal line across the middle, displaying "Yorks W. R.", the name of the fingerpost's location, a grid reference. Other counties, apart from Dorset, did not display a grid reference and did not have a horizontal bar through the roundel. From 1964, many fingerposts were replaced by ones in the modern style, but some of the old style still survive within the West Riding boundaries. By 1971 1,924,853 people lived in the administrative county, against 1,860,435 in the ten county boroughs; the term West Riding is still used in the names of the following clubs, organisations: 33rd Foot, First Yorkshire West Riding Regiment, a re-enactment group based in Halifax who depict this Regiment during the Napoleonic Wars 49 Signal Squadron, a squadron of 34 Signal Regiment based at Carlton Barracks in Leeds 51st Light Infantry, a re-enactment group based in the West Midlands who depict this Regiment during the Napoleonic Wars 106 Field Squadron, a squadron of 72 Engineer Regiment based in Greenhill and Manningham Lane, Bradford 269 Bat
