1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Skeeter Davis
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Mary Frances Penick, better known as Skeeter Davis, was an American country music singer who sang crossover pop music songs including 1962s The End of the World. She started out as part of the Davis Sisters as a teenager in the late 1940s, in the late 1950s, she became a solo star. Davis was the first of seven born to William Lee and Sarah Rachel Roberts Penick, in Dry Ridge. Because her grandfather thought that she had a lot of energy for a young child, the Penick family moved to Erlanger, Kentucky in 1947, where Skeeter met Betty Jack Davis at Dixie Heights High School, becoming instant friends. They sang together through much of high school, and at Decoursey Baptist Church and they formed the duet known as the Davis Sisters, and started singing on Detroit radio station WJRs program Barnyard Frolics. Eventually, the duo were signed by RCA Victor in 1951, earlier demo recordings were eventually released on Fortune Records. RCA Victor producer Steve Sholes liked the Davis Sisters harmonies and offered the duo a recording contract in 1953. Their most successful release was I Forgot More Than Youll Ever Know, the record ranks No.65 on the Top 100 Country Singles of All Time, according to Billboard historian Joel Whitburn. While I Forgot More Than Youll Ever Know was climbing the charts, the crash killed Betty Jack Davis and left Skeeter with severe injuries. After the accident, Skeeter and Betty Jacks sister, Georgia, Skeeter decided to retire from the music industry in 1956, and get married, ending the duet. Davis decided to go back into music as a solo act in 1958. She began touring with Ernest Tubb and she returned to RCA Victor and that year, Davis recorded Lost to a Geisha Girl, an answer song to Hank Locklins hit Geisha Girl, which reached the country Top 15 and became her first solo hit. Atkins worked with Davis as a guitarist on all of these sessions, at Davis suggestion, Atkins frequently multi-tracked Davis voice for harmony vocals to resemble the sound of the Davis Sisters. This echo can be found on several of her solo hits. Davis had a Top 5 country hit, Set Him Free, in 1959 and she also joined the Grand Ole Opry that year, and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Set Him Free, becoming the first female country singer to be nominated for a Grammy. From 1960 to 1962, Davis had top ten hits with the songs Im Falling Too, My Last Date, Where I Ought to Be, Im Falling Too in 1960 was her first entrance as a solo onto the pop charts. The song went all the way to the Top 40, unheard of for a country singer at the time. In 1961, she scored a second pop hit with a version of Floyd Cramers instrumental country pop smash Last Date called My Last Date which did even better making the Top 30 on the pop charts
3.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
4.
Nashville sound
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It was an attempt to revive country sales, which had been devastated by the rise of rock n roll. They invented the form by replacing elements of the honky tonk style with smooth elements from 1950s pop music, and using slick production. The producers relied on a group of studio musicians known as the Nashville A-Team, whose quick adaptability. The Anita Kerr Quartet was the vocal backing group in the early 1960s. In 1960, Time magazine reported that Nashville had nosed out Hollywood as the second biggest record-producing center. The term Nashville Sound was first mentioned in an article about Jim Reeves in 1958 in the Music Reporter, other observers have identified several recordings that helped establish the early Nashville sound. Country historian Rich Kienzle says that Gone, a Ferlin Husky hit recorded in November 1956, regarding the Nashville sound, the record producer Owen Bradley stated, Now weve cut out the fiddle and steel guitar and added choruses to country music. It always has to keep developing to keep fresh, countrypolitan was aimed straight at mainstream markets and it sold well throughout the later 1960s into the early 1970s. Among the architects of this sound were producers Billy Sherrill and Glenn Sutton, the Bakersfield sound, and later outlaw country, dominated country music among aficionados while countrypolitan reigned on the pop charts. Upon being asked what the Nashville sound was, Chet Atkins would put his hand into his pocket, shake his loose change, and say Thats what it is. By the late 1970s and 1980s, many pop music singers picked up the style and created what is known as country pop. Classic examples of Nashville sound recordings, Four Walls by Jim Reeves Gone by Ferlin Husky A Fallen Star by Jimmy C
5.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
6.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
7.
Chet Atkins
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Chester Burton Chet Atkins known as Mr. He was primarily known as a guitarist and he also played the mandolin, fiddle, banjo, and ukulele. Atkins signature picking style was inspired by Merle Travis, other major guitar influences were Django Reinhardt, George Barnes, Les Paul, and, later, Jerry Reed. His distinctive picking style and musicianship brought him admirers inside and outside the country scene, among many honors, Atkins received 14 Grammy Awards and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He also received nine Country Music Association awards for Instrumentalist of the Year and he was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. Atkins was born on June 20,1924, in Luttrell, Tennessee and his parents divorced when he was six, after which he was raised by his mother. He was the youngest of three boys and a girl and he started out on the ukulele, later moving on to the fiddle, but traded his brother Lowell an old pistol and some chores for a guitar when he was nine. He stated in his 1974 autobiography, We were so poor, forced to relocate to Fortson, Georgia, outside of Columbus, to live with his father because of a critical asthma condition, Atkins was a sensitive youth who made music his obsession. Because of his illness, he was forced to sleep in a chair to breathe comfortably. On those nights, he played his guitar until he fell asleep holding it, while living in Fortson, he attended the historic Mountain Hill School. He returned in the 1990s to play a series of charity concerts to save the school from demolition, Atkins became an accomplished guitarist while he was in high school. He used the restroom in the school to practice, because it gave better acoustics and his first guitar had a nail for a nut and was so bowed that only the first few frets could be used. He later purchased an electric guitar and amp, but he had to travel many miles to find an electrical outlet. Later in life, he gave himself the honorary degree CGP. In 2011, his daughter Merle Atkins Russell bestowed the CGP degree on his longtime sideman Paul Yandell and she then declared no more CGPs would be allowed by the Atkins estate. His half-brother Jim was a successful guitarist who worked with the Les Paul Trio in New York, Atkins did not have a strong style of his own until 1939, when he heard Merle Travis picking over WLW radio. This early influence dramatically shaped his unique playing style, whereas Traviss right hand used his index finger for the melody and thumb for bass notes, Atkins expanded his right-hand style to include picking with his first three fingers, with the thumb on bass. Chet Atkins was a ham radio general class licensee, formerly using the call sign WA4CZD, he obtained the vanity call sign W4CGP in 1998 to include the CGP designation
8.
I'll Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too
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Ill Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too is the debut studio album by American country artist Skeeter Davis. The album was released in November 1959 by RCA Victor and was produced by Chet Atkins and it signified Davis first solo album ever released after departing from the duo, The Davis Sisters. Ill Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too was recorded in three recording sessions at the RCA Victor studio in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, the first session took place in May 1958, followed by January 30,1959, and then ending in September 1959. The album took its name from Chet Atkins idea of harmonizing Davis vocals with herself, Atkins used this technique because Davis vocals were not suited to singing lead vocals, as she had previously sung harmony as part of The Davis Sisters. By using the technique of harmonizing with herself, it gave her voice a fuller sound, the debut record contained twelve tracks of material. Besides a selected amount of new songs the rest of the album contained cover versions of songs and it included cover versions of Hank Williams Your Cheatin Heart, Jan Howards The One You Slip Around With, and Buck Owens Under Your Spell Again. It also included a version of The Davis Sisters 1953 hit. The album was released as an LP album with six songs on each side of the record. Allmusic rated the album and gave it four out of five stars, ill Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too spawned three singles between 1958 and 1960. The first single released was the version of I Forgot More Than Youll Ever Know. Set Him Free was released as the single in February 1959 and peaked at #5 on the Billboard Magazine Hot Country Songs chart. The third and final single was Am I That Easy to Forget, the single peaked at #11 on the Billboard Magazine Hot Country Songs chart that same year. The single would become a hit for Debbie Reynolds, Jim Reeves. The album was issued in November 1959 on RCA Victor Records
9.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
10.
Nashville, Tennessee
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Nashville is the capital of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the central part of the state. The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, banking and transportation industries and it is known as a center of the country music industry, earning it the nickname Music City, U. S. A. Since 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government which includes six municipalities in a two-tier system. Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council, thirty-five of the members are elected from single-member districts, five are elected at-large. Reflecting the citys position in government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Courts courthouse for Middle Tennessee. According to 2015 estimates from the U. S. Census Bureau, the balance population, which excludes semi-independent municipalities within Nashville, was 654,610. The 2015 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,830,345, the 2015 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,951,644. The town of Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and it was named for Francis Nash, the American Revolutionary War hero. Nashville quickly grew because of its location, accessibility as a port on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Ohio River. By 1800, the city had 345 residents, including 136 African American slaves and 14 free blacks, in 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee, by 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a prosperous city. The citys significance as a port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops, the state was occupied by Union troops for the duration of the war. Within a few years after the Civil War, the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veteran John W. Morton, meanwhile, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought new prosperity to Nashville and these healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area. Circa 1950 the state approved a new city charter that provided for the election of city council members from single-member districts. This change was supported because at-large voting diluted the minority populations political power in the city and they could seldom gain a majority of the population to support a candidate of their choice
11.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
12.
Jim Reeves
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James Travis Jim Reeves was an American country and popular music singer-songwriter. With records charting from the 1950s to the 1980s, he well known as a practitioner of the Nashville sound. Known as Gentleman Jim, his songs continued to chart for years after his death, Reeves died in the crash of his private airplane. He is a member of both the Country Music and Texas Country Music Halls of Fame, Reeves was born at home in Galloway, Texas, a small rural community near Carthage. He was the youngest of 8 children born to Mary Beulah Adams Reeves and he was known as Travis during his childhood years. Winning an athletic scholarship to the University of Texas, he enrolled to study speech and drama, soon he resumed baseball, playing in the semi-professional leagues before contracting with the St. Louis Cardinals farm team during 1944 as a right-handed pitcher. He played for the leagues for three years before severing his sciatic nerve while pitching, which ended his athletic career. Reeves initial efforts to pursue a career were sporadic, possibly due to his uncertainty as to whether he would be drafted into the military as World War II enveloped the United States. On 9 March 1943 he reported to the Army Induction Center in Tyler for his physical examination. However, he failed the exam, and on 4 August 1943 an official letter declared his 4-F draft status, Reeves began to work as a radio announcer, and sang live between songs. During the late 1940s, he was contracted with a couple of small Texas-based recording companies and he eventually obtained a job as an announcer for KWKH-AM in Shreveport, Louisiana, then the home of the popular radio program the Louisiana Hayride. Jim Reeves was a country singer who had success early on in his career with hits such as I Love You, Mexican Joe. In addition to early hits, Reeves recorded many other songs for Fabor Records. In 1954, Abbott Records released a 45 single with Bimbo on side-A which hit #1, Jim Reeves and Little Joe Hunt met at the Louisiana Hayride which was Louisianas equivalent to Nashvilles Grand Ole Opry. After performing at the Hayride in Shreveport, Louisiana, Reeves and Hunt traveled & performed together for years in the dance halls and clubs of east Texas. Reeves became the headliner with Hunt as the backup performer, due to his growing popularity, Reeves went on to release his first album in November 1955, Jim Reeves Sings, which proved to be one of Abbott Records couple album releases. Reeves star was on the rise because he had already signed to a 10-year recording contract with RCA Victor by Steve Sholes. Sholes went on to some of Reeves first recordings at RCA Victor
13.
Floyd Cramer
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Floyd Cramer was an American Hall of Fame pianist who was one of the architects of the Nashville sound. He was known for his slip note style, in which an out-of-key note slides into the correct note. Cramer was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, and grew up in the town of Huttig. He taught himself to play the piano, after finishing high school, he returned to Shreveport, where he worked as a pianist for the radio show Louisiana Hayride. In 1953, he cut his first single, Dancin Diane, backed with Little Brown Jug, in 1955 he played dates with an emerging talent who would later figure significantly in his career, Elvis Presley. In 1955 Cramer moved to Nashville, where piano accompaniment in music was growing in popularity. By the next year he was, in his words, in day and it was Cramers piano playing, for instance, on Presleys first RCA Victor single, Heartbreak Hotel. However, Cramer remained strictly a player, a virtual unknown to anyone outside the music industry. Cramer had released records under his own name since the early 1950s and became known following the release of Last Date. The instrumental piece exhibited a new concept in piano playing known as the slip note style. The record went to two on the Billboard Hot 100 pop music chart, sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. The song was out of the number 1 position by Elvis Presleys Are You Lonesome Tonight. Interestingly and perhaps ironically, the session pianist for Elviss recording of that #1 song, of the characteristic slip note style, Cramer commented, The style I use mainly is a whole-tone slur which gives more of a lonesome cowboy sound. You hit a note and slide almost simultaneously to another, the origin of the style is uncertain. Cramer also acknowledged the influence of Mother Maybelle Carters autoharp playing, in 1961, Cramer had a hit with On the Rebound, which went to number 4, and number 1 on the UK Singles Chart. Also in 1961, Cramer had a hit with San Antonio Rose, Cramer also performed with them as a member of the Million Dollar Band. Over the years, he continued to balance work with his own albums. Many of these featured standards or popular hits of the era, from 1965 to 1974 he annually recorded a disc of the years biggest hits, entitled Class of
14.
Hank Locklin
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Lawrence Hankins Hank Locklin was an American country music singer-songwriter. Locklin was one of country musics early honky tonk singers and he first recorded for Royalty, a small label in northeast Texas, but soon moved to 4 Star Records, a regional country music label, before signing a long contract with RCA Victor. He had an estimated 15 million record worldwide and his songs were recorded by many other artists, including Willie Nelson, Dolly Parton, Roy Rogers, Dwight Yoakam. He regularly appeared on the Grand Ole Opry beginning in 1960, Locklin had 70 chart singles, including six No. Locklins biggest hits included Send Me the Pillow You Dream On, Geisha Girl and his signature Please Help Me, Im Falling, billboards 100th anniversary issue listed it as the second most successful country single of the rock and roll era. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA, other hits for Locklin included Happy Journey, Happy Birthday To Me and The Country Hall Of Fame. Born in McLellan in the Florida Panhandle, Locklin grew up working in the fields to supplement his family’s low income. He began playing the guitar at the age of nine after being injured by a school bus. His first marriage to Willa Jean Murphy ended in divorce, in 1970 he married Anita Crooks of Brewton, Alabama. He had a son and four daughters,12 grandchildren, eight great-grandchildren, in the 1960s, Locklin built a ranch house called The Singing L in the field in McClellan where he had picked cotton as a boy. He was later made the mayor of the town. Locklin had a following in Europe, especially in Ireland. His popularity was such that in 1963 he recorded an album called Irish Songs Country Style and he has a fan club in Langeli, Bjerkreim, Norway. The obituary in The Times described Locklin as the last remaining link between country music’s hillbilly roots and the lusher, modern pop sound of Nashville. In 2006, Locklin appeared on the PBS special, Country Pop Legends in which he performed Send Me the Pillow That You Dream On, until his death at the age of 91 in 2009, he was the oldest living member of the Grand Ole Opry. Hank had recently released his 65th album, By the Grace of God and he moved to Brewton, where he remained throughout his later years, and died there at home in the early morning on March 8,2009. In 2007 he was inducted to the Florida Artists Hall of Fame, aLove Song for You peaked at No.29 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada. In The Encyclopedia of Country Music, CMT. com, Hank Locklin at CMT. com Hank Locklin at the Internet Movie Database
15.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
16.
LP record
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The LP is an analog sound storage medium, a vinyl record format characterized by a speed of 33 1⁄3 rpm, a 12 or 10 inch diameter, and use of the microgroove groove specification. Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry. Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound, the new product was a 12- or 10-inch fine-grooved disc made of vinyl and played with a smaller-tipped microgroove stylus at a speed of 33 1⁄3 rpm. Each side of a 12-inch LP could play for more than 20 minutes, although the LP was suited to classical music because of its extended continuous playing time, it also allowed a collection of ten or more pop music recordings to be put on a single disc. The use of the word album persisted for the one-disc LP equivalent, the prototype of the LP was the soundtrack disc used by the Vitaphone motion picture sound system, developed by Western Electric and introduced in 1926. For soundtrack purposes, the less than five minutes of playing time of side of a conventional 12-inch 78 rpm disc was not acceptable. The sound had to play continuously for at least 11 minutes, long enough to accompany a full 1, the disc diameter was increased to 16 inches and the speed was reduced to 33 1⁄3 revolutions per minute. Unlike their smaller LP descendants, they were made with the same large standard groove used by 78s, unlike conventional records, the groove started at the inside of the recorded area near the label and proceeded outward toward the edge. Like 78s, early soundtrack discs were pressed in an abrasive shellac compound, syndicated radio programming was distributed on 78 rpm discs beginning in 1928. The desirability of a longer continuous playing time soon led to the adoption of the Vitaphone soundtrack disc format, 16-inch 33 1⁄3 rpm discs playing about 15 minutes per side were used for most of these electrical transcriptions beginning about 1930. Transcriptions were variously recorded inside out like soundtrack discs or with an outside start, some transcriptions were recorded with a vertically modulated hill and dale groove. This was found to allow deeper bass and also an extension of the frequency response. Neither of these was necessarily an advantage in practice because of the limitations of AM broadcasting. Today we can enjoy the benefits of those higher-fidelity recordings, even if the radio audiences could not. Initially, transcription discs were pressed only in shellac, but by 1932 pressings in RCA Victors vinyl-based Victrolac were appearing, by the late 1930s, vinyl was standard for nearly all kinds of pressed discs except ordinary commercial 78s, which continued to be made of shellac. Use of the LPs microgroove standard began in the late 1950s, the King Biscuit Flower Hour is a late example, as are Westwood Ones The Beatle Years and Doctor Demento programs, which were sent to stations on LP at least through 1992. RCA Victor introduced a version of a long-playing record for home use in September 1931. These Program Transcription discs, as Victor called them, played at 33 1⁄3 rpm and used a somewhat finer and they were to be played with a special Chromium Orange chrome-plated steel needle
17.
Compact disc
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Compact disc is a digital optical disc data storage format released in 1982 and co-developed by Philips and Sony. The format was developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data. The first commercially available Audio CD player, the Sony CDP-101, was released October 1982 in Japan, standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres and can hold up to about 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or about 700 MiB of data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres, they are used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio. At the time of the introduction in 1982, a CD could store much more data than a personal computer hard drive. By 2010, hard drives commonly offered as much space as a thousand CDs. In 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs, by 2007,200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. In 2014, revenues from digital music services matched those from physical format sales for the first time. American inventor James T. Russell has been credited with inventing the first system to record information on an optical transparent foil that is lit from behind by a high-power halogen lamp. Russells patent application was first filed in 1966, and he was granted a patent in 1970, following litigation, Sony and Philips licensed Russells patents in the 1980s. The compact disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s, although originally dismissed by Philips Research management as a trivial pursuit, the CD became the primary focus for Philips as the LaserDisc format struggled. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new audio disc. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the Red Book CD-DA standard was published in 1980, after their commercial release in 1982, compact discs and their players were extremely popular. Despite costing up to $1,000, over 400,000 CD players were sold in the United States between 1983 and 1984, by 1988 CD sales in the United States surpassed those of vinyl LPs, and by 1992 CD sales surpassed those of prerecorded music cassette tapes. The success of the disc has been credited to the cooperation between Philips and Sony, who came together to agree upon and develop compatible hardware. The unified design of the disc allowed consumers to purchase any disc or player from any company. In 1974, L. However, due to the performance of the analog format
18.
Bobby Bare
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Robert Joseph Bobby Bare, Sr. is an American country music singer and songwriter, best known for the songs Detroit City and 500 Miles Away from Home. He is the father of Bobby Bare Jr. also a musician, Bare had many failed attempts to sell his songs in the 1950s. He finally signed with Capitol Records and recorded a few rock, just before he was drafted into the Army, he wrote a song called The All American Boy and did a demo for his friend, Bill Parsons, to learn how to record. Instead of using the version Bill Parsons did later, the company, Fraternity Records. The record reached No.2 on the Billboard Hot 100, but they made an error, the same track, with the same billing error, peaked at No.22 in the UK Singles Chart in April 1959. In 1965, an album of recorded material, Tender Years, was released on the Hilltop label. The same material, but under a different cover, was released on the Sears label under the title Bobby In Song that same year and these albums are not usually included in Bares published discographies. Bares big break in music came when Chet Atkins signed him to RCA Victor. The first single he released on the label was Shame On Me in 1962 and his second RCA Victor single, Detroit City reached No.6 Country, No.16 Hot 100, and in 1964 earned him a Grammy Award for Best Country and Western Recording. Then a surge of hits followed, including 500 Miles Away from Home, in 1965 he received two Grammy nominations for Best Country & Western Vocal Performance and Best Country & Western single for the song Four Strong Winds. In 1966, he received a Grammy Nomination for Best Country & Western Male Vocal Performance for his song Talk Me Some Sense,5 on the Billboard chart earned the trio a Grammy nomination. In 1968, he recorded an album with a group from England called The Hillsiders, in 1969, he had a Top 5 hit with Tom T. He also scored a No.12 hit in 1972 with a version of Dr. Hook, after two years at Mercury, Bare returned to RCA in 1973 and scored with Billy Joe Shavers Ride Me Down Easy which nearly made the Top 10. Bare started to release novelty songs recorded live with selected audiences, one such song, Marie Laveau, reached the No.1 position on the country chart in 1974, it was his only No.1 hit. This song was co-written by his friends Shel Silverstein and Baxter Taylor, Silverstein penned other songs for Bare including a Grammy-nominated hit, Daddy What If, which he recorded with his five-year-old son, Bobby Bare, Jr. The song was a success as well not only reaching No.2 on the country charts. Bares album, Lullabys, Legends and Lies became his most commercially successful album and Bare had a new audience with pop radio once again playing his songs and these two songs, however, would become Bares last Top 10 hits. Bare later recorded a successful album with his family, written mainly by Silverstein
19.
Porter Wagoner
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Porter Wayne Wagoner was a popular American country music singer known for his flashy Nudie and Manuel suits and blond pompadour. In 1967, he introduced then-obscure singer Dolly Parton on his television show. Known as Mr. Grand Ole Opry, Wagoner charted 81 singles from 1954–1983 and he was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2002. Wagoner was born in West Plains, Missouri, the son of Bertha May and Charles E. Wagoner and his first band, the Blue Ridge Boys, performed on radio station KWPM-AM from a butcher shop in his native West Plains, Missouri, where Wagoner cut meat. In 1951, he was hired by Si Siman as a performer on KWTO in Springfield and this led to a contract with RCA Victor. With lagging sales, Wagoner and his trio played schoolhouses for the gate proceeds, starting in 1955, he was a featured performer on ABC-TVs Ozark Jubilee in Springfield, Missouri. He often appeared on the show as part of the Porter Wagoner Trio with Don Warden, Warden, on steel guitar, became Wagoners long-time business manager. In 1957, Wagoner and Warden moved to Nashville, Tennessee, like many of his contemporaries in country music, Wagoner toured and performed outdoors for fans at American Legion houses in rural towns. Fans sat on benches facing what was often a makeshift stage. Wagoner would mingle with the audience during breaks and usually remembered the names of the towns he visited. He also won three Grammy Awards for gospel recordings and his syndicated television program, The Porter Wagoner Show, aired from 1960 to 1981. There were 686 30-minute episodes taped, the first 104 in black-and-white, at its peak, his show was featured in over 100 markets, with an average viewership of over three million. Reruns of the air on the rural cable network RFD-TV. The shows usually featured opening performances by Wagoner with performances by Norma Jean, or later Parton, during Partons tenure, she and Wagoner usually sang a duet. Each episode also featured a guest who would perform one or two songs. A spiritual or gospel performance was almost always featured toward the end of the show, generally performed by either Wagoner or Parton, or the shows guest star, after Dolly left the show, Porter began taping the show at Opryland USA in various locations around the park. The shows had a friendly, informal feel, with Wagoner trading jokes with band members and exchanging banter with Parton, in 1974, Dolly Partons song I Will Always Love You, written about her professional break from Wagoner, went to number one on the country music charts. Wagoners stage alter ego was Skid Row Joe, during the mid-1980s, Wagoner formed an all-girl group, The Right Combination, named after one of his hit records with Parton
20.
Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?
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Have I Told You Lately That I Love You. is a popular song written by Scotty Wiseman and published in 1945. It was the greatest hit of Wiseman and his wife and one of the first country songs to attract major attention in the pop music field. Bing and the gals are in top form as they harmonize it to a spanking fare-thee-well, the record entered the Billboard charts on January 21,1950 and in a four-week stay it peaked at No.24. Lulu Belle and Scotty released their version in 1956 on a Mercury Records 45 rpm single, the earliest and easily most prominent recording of Have I Told You Lately That I Love You in the early rock era was by Elvis Presley. According to the book of the CD-boxset Elvis - The Complete 50s Masters, Presley recorded it on January 19,1957, session musicians for the song included Presley himself on rhythm guitar, his usual lead guitarist Scotty Moore, with Bill Black on bass, D. J. Fontana on drums, piano by Dudley Brooks, organ by Hoyt Hawkins, when the song was included on the Loving You album release in July 1957, it immediately prompted both Ricky Nelson and Eddie Cochran to record cover versions of the song. Nelsons was the B side of a hit single, while Cochrans was an album cut, the impact of the Elvis version was felt across the Atlantic. Eddie Cochran recorded his version in August 1957 and released it on the album Singin to My Baby, musicians on the session were, Eddie Cochran - guitars, ukulele, vocals Perry Botkin Sr. For many years it was the standard, and still is to people today. The Beau Marks The Blue Diamonds Jim Ed Brown Anita Bryant Michael Bublé with Naturally 7 - included in the album To Be Loved. Cliff Richard Riders in the Sky Riders of the Purple Sage Tex Ritter Marty Robbins - included in his album Have I Told You Lately That I Love You, Scotty Wiseman i Nashville Songwriters Foundation
21.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
22.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
23.
Don Robertson (songwriter)
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Donald Irwin Robertson was an American songwriter and pianist, mostly in the country and popular music genres. He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1972, as a performer, he hit the US Top 10 with The Happy Whistler in 1956. The track reached #8 in the UK Singles Chart the same year and it sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Although contracted to Capitol at the time of his biggest selling hit single and he composed or co-composed with Hal Blair, many hits for other musicians, including Elvis Presley who recorded over a dozen of Robertsons songs, five of which appeared in Presleys numerous films
24.
Eddy Arnold
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Richard Edward Eddy Arnold was an American country music singer who performed for six decades. He was a so-called Nashville sound innovator of the late 1950s and he sold more than 85 million records. A member of the Grand Ole Opry and the Country Music Hall of Fame, Arnold was born on May 15,1918, on a farm near Henderson, Tennessee. His father, a sharecropper, played the fiddle, while his mother played guitar, Arnolds father died when he was just 11, forcing him to leave school and begin helping on the family farm. This led to him later gaining his nickname—the Tennessee Plowboy, one of his brothers, PFC John Hendrix Arnold, fought in World War II and died in the Normandy landings. Arnold attended Pinson High School in Pinson, Tennessee, where he played guitar for school functions and he quit before graduation to help with the farm work, but continued performing, often arriving on a mule with his guitar hung on his back. Arnold also worked part-time as an assistant at a mortuary, in 1934, at age 16, Arnold debuted musically on WTJS-AM in Jackson, Tennessee, and obtained a job there during 1937. He performed at nightclubs and was a permanent performer for the station. During 1938, he was hired by WMPS-AM in Memphis, Tennessee and he soon quit for KWK-AM in St. Louis, Missouri, followed by a brief stint at WHAS-AM in Louisville, Kentucky. He performed for WSM on the Grand Ole Opry during 1943 as a solo artist, in 1944, Arnold signed a contract with RCA Victor, with manager Colonel Tom Parker, who later managed Elvis Presley. Arnolds first single was noticed, but the next, Each Minute Seems a Million Years. Its success began a decade of unprecedented chart performance, Arnolds next 57 singles all ranked in the top 10, in 1946, Arnold scored his first major success with Thats How Much I Love You. In 1948, he had five songs on the charts simultaneously. That year, he had nine songs in the top 10, five of these were number one, with Parkers management, Arnold continued to dominate, with 13 of the 20 best-scoring country music songs of 1947–1948. He became the host of Mutual Radios Purina-sponsored segment of the Opry and of Mutuals Checkerboard Jamboree, recorded radio programs increased Arnolds popularity, as did the CBS Radio series Hometown Reunion with the Duke of Paducah. Arnold quit the Opry during 1948, and his Hometown Reunion briefly broadcast in competition with the Opry on Saturday nights, in 1949 and 1950, he performed in the Columbia movies Feudin’ Rhythm and Hoedown. Arnold began working for television in the early 1950s, hosting The Eddy Arnold Show, the summer program was broadcast successively by all three television networks, replacing the Perry Como and Dinah Shore programs. He also performed as a guest and a guest host on the ABC-TV show Ozark Jubilee from 1955–60, Arnold featured in the syndicated Eddy Arnold Time from 1955 to 1957
25.
Don Gibson
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Donald Eugene Don Gibson was an American songwriter and country musician. A Country Music Hall of Fame inductee, Gibson wrote such country standards as Sweet Dreams and I Cant Stop Loving You, Don Gibson was born in Shelby, North Carolina, into a poor working-class family, and he dropped out of school in the second grade. His first band was called Sons of the Soil, with whom he made his first recording in 1948, in 1957, he journeyed to Nashville to work with producer Chet Atkins and record Oh Lonesome Me and I Cant Stop Loving You for RCA Victor. The afternoon session resulted in a hit on both the country and pop charts. Oh Lonesome Me set the pattern for a series of other RCA hits. Blue Blue Day, recorded prior to Oh, Lonesome Me was a number 1 hit in 1958, later singles included Look Whos Blue, Dont Tell Me Your Troubles, Sea of Heartbreak, Lonesome No. 1, I Can Mend Your Broken Heart, and Woman, west and Gibson released an album together in 1969, titled Dottie and Don. He also recorded duets with Sue Thompson among these being the Top 40 hits, I Think They Call It Love, Good Old Fashioned Country Love and Oh. A talented songwriter, Gibson was nicknamed The Sad Poet because he wrote songs that told of loneliness. His song I Cant Stop Loving You, has been recorded by over 700 artists and he also wrote and recorded Sweet Dreams, a song that would become a major 1963 crossover hit for Patsy Cline. Roy Orbison was a fan of Gibsons songwriting, and in 1967. Gibsons wide appeal was also shown in Neil Youngs recorded version of Oh Lonesome Me on his 1970 album After the Gold Rush, Gibson was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1973. In 2001 he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame, following his death from natural causes on November 17,2003, he was buried in the Sunset Cemetery in his hometown of Shelby, North Carolina. Located in Cleveland County, North Carolina, the Don Gibson Theater opened on November 2009 in historic uptown Shelby, the theater showcases a busy schedule of premier musical performances. Past performers have included Marty Stuart, Pam Tillis, Tom Paxton, Ralph Stanley, Vince Gill, Ricky Skaggs, John Oates, for more information, http, //dgshelby. com/ Wolfe, Stacey. In The Encyclopedia of Country Music
26.
Hank Cochran
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Garland Perry Hank Cochran was an American country music singer and songwriter. Starting during the 1960s, Cochran was a songwriter in the genre, including major hits by Patsy Cline, Ray Price, Eddy Arnold. Cochran was also a recording artist between 1962 and 1980, scoring seven times on the Billboard country music charts, with his greatest solo success being the No.20 Sally Was a Good Old Girl, in 2014, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. Born during the Great Depression in Isola, Mississippi, he contracted pneumonia, whooping cough, measles, the doctor didnt believe that he would survive. His parents divorced when he was 9 years old and he relocated with his father to Memphis, Tennessee, but then was put into an orphanage. He was sent to live with his grandparents, in Greenville, Mississippi and his uncle Otis Cochran taught him how to play the guitar as the pair hitchhiked from Mississippi to southeastern New Mexico to work in the oilfields. After returning to Mississippi in his teens, he went to California, while there he formed The Cochran Brothers, a duo with un-related Eddie Cochran. Aged 24 he hitchhiked for Hollywood, but ended up going to Nashville in 1960 and it became a major success for Patsy Cline, reaching No.1 on the Billboard country music charts and No.12 on the Billboard Hot 100. Cline also recorded Cochrans Shes Got You, and Why Cant He Be You, in 1960, he was on a date at a movie theater when the film inspired him. He left the theater quickly, and by the time he got home fifteen minutes later had composed Make the World Go Away, Ray Price recorded the song, and it scored No.2 on the Billboard country charts in 1963. The next year Eddy Arnold would make the song his signature hit, scoring No.1 on the music charts. Arnold would also record the song I Want to Go with You, Cochran wrote several successful songs sung by Burl Ives. He also wrote songs for George Strait, Merle Haggard, Dont You Ever Get Tired, a No.1 scoring record for Ronnie Milsap, while working at publishing company Pamper Music, he used to spend nights performing in a Nashville tavern named Tootsies Orchid Lounge. There he took notice of a new performer whose talent left Cochran amazed and he encouraged management to contract the young songwriter, Willie Nelson, giving Nelson a raise that was owed to him at the time. In 2008, he let singer Lea Anne Creswell come to his home and choose an albums worth of songs, Cochran was married five times, Jeannie Seely was his fourth bride, and Suzi his fifth, from 1982. He had cancerous tumors removed surgically from his pancreas and lymph node at a Nashville hospital in July 2008, and he died on July 15,2010, age 74. In October 2012, singer Jamey Johnson released Living for a Song, A Tribute to Hank Cochran, – The Encyclopedia of Country Music. – New York, Oxford University Press, – ISBN 978-0-19-517608-7 Official website Songwriter Hank Cochran Talks About His Hits article
27.
Lulu Belle and Scotty
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Myrtle Eleanor Cooper and Scott Greene Wiseman, known professionally as Lulu Belle and Scotty, were one of the major country music acts of the 1930s and 1940s, dubbed The Sweethearts of Country Music. Myrtle Eleanor Cooper was born in Boone, North Carolina, Wiseman was from Spruce Pine, Lulu Belle and Scotty enjoyed enormous national popularity thanks to their regular appearances on National Barn Dance on WLS-AM in Chicago, a rival to WSM-AMs Grand Ole Opry. Barn Dance enjoyed a radio audience in the 1930s and early 1940s with some 20 million Americans regularly tuning in. The duo married on December 13,1934, one year after Wiseman became a regular on Barn Dance, the duo is best known for their self-penned classic Have I Told You Lately That I Love You. Which became one of the first country songs to major attention in pop circles and was recorded by many artists in both genres. Cooper was the dominant half of the duo with a comic persona as a wisecracking country girl. Her most famous novelty number was Daffy Over Taffy, in 1938, she was named Favorite Female Radio Star by the readers of Radio Guide magazine, an unusual recognition for a country performer. They were among the first country music stars to venture into feature motion pictures, appearing in films as Village Barn Dance, Shine On, Harvest Moon, County Fair. The couple retired from business in 1958, except occasional appearances, going on to new careers in teaching. Cooper served two terms from 1975 to 1978 in the North Carolina House of Representatives as the Democratic representative for three counties, in 1977, she gave a memorable speech in which she revealed that she had been raped on the country music circuit. Scotty Wiseman was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1971, myrtle Stamey died in Ingalls, North Carolina, aged 85. Interview between Lulu Belle and Big John Parker on WWL in 1989 Lulu Belle and Scotty at HillbillyMusic. com The 1934 WLS Family Album, Lulu Belle Lulu Belle and Scotty at Find a Grave
28.
We'll Sing in the Sunshine
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Well Sing in the Sunshine is a 1964 hit song written and recorded by Gale Garnett which reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week ending 17 October 1964. The song also enjoyed success on easy listening and country radio stations, spending seven weeks at number one on the Billboard Easy Listening chart. The Cash Box Top 100 ranked Well Sing in the Sunshine at number one for the week of 31 October 1964, in Australia Well Sing in the Sunshine afforded Garnett a Top Ten hit with a #10 peak in October 1964. Garnetts sole Top 40 hit, Well Sing in the Sunshine won the Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording in 1965. In the UK, Well Sing in the Sunshine was covered by The Lancastrians in a version produced by Shel Talmy and it charted at number 44 in the UK in December 1964. Mark Wynter had a non-charting UK single release of Well Sing in the Sunshine in 1966, alma Cogan recorded the song in German as Ich Liebe Die Sonne which was the B-side of her number 39 German hit Hillbilly Boy. A Danish rendering of Well Sing in the Sunshine entitled Vi skynder os langsomt was recorded by Gitte Hænning on October 22,1965, dick and Dee Dee released a version of the song in 1969 as the B-side to their single, In the Season of Our Love. Well Sing in the Sunshine was a minor C&W hit in 1970 for Lawanda Lindsey, reaching number 63, serving as the title cut for an album as it did in 1978 for Helen Reddy. Reddys version, produced by Kim Fowley, was issued as a single and reached #12 on the Easy Listening chart, nonetheless, the song took on new life when Reddy sang the song on The Muppets Show while singing and dancing with Sopwith the Camel. Trini Lopez also recorded Well Sing in the Sunshine his version appearing on the 1964 UK EP release Trinis Folk Mood, in addition the Mike Curb Congregation recorded Well Sing in the Sunshine, their version served as the B-side for some copies of their 1970 hit Burning Bridges. List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1964 Song lyrics
29.
Gale Garnett
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Gale Zoë Garnett is a New Zealand–born Canadian singer best known in the United States for her Grammy-winning folk hit Well Sing in the Sunshine. Garnett has since carved out a career as a writer and actress, Garnett was born in Auckland, New Zealand, and moved to Canada with her family when she was 11. She made her singing debut in 1960, while at the same time pursuing an acting career making guest appearances on television shows such as 77 Sunset Strip. She made her New York nightclub debut in 1963 and was signed by RCA Victor Records that same year. In the fall of 1964, Garnett scored a number four pop hit with her original composition Well Sing in the Sunshine and her follow-up to Well Sing in the Sunshine, Lovin Place, was her only other single to chart in America. Garnett appeared twice on ABCs Shindig. and The Lloyd Thaxton Show at the height of her fame in the mid-1960s. Garnett delivered a performance in the Rankin-Bass feature Mad Monster Party in the late 1960s, with the memorable tunes Our Time to Shine. At this period she had begun to be influenced by the counter-culture and had embraced psychedelic themes to some extent. In the late 1960s she recorded albums of psychedelic-inflected music with the Gentle Reign. Although Garnett had retired from the business by the 1980s, she continued appearing in feature films and on television shows. In subsequent years, she branched out into journalism, writing essays, columns. She also wrote and performed two one-person theater pieces, Gale Garnett & Company and Life After Latex, Garnett published her first novel, a romance titled Visible Amazement, in 1999. She followed with Transient Dancing in 2003, the novella Room Tone in 2007, james Infirmary Variety Is the Spice of Gale Garnett Track listing, Why Am I Standing At The Window / A Little Bit Of Rain / Has Anyone Here Seen Me. & Mrs.8 Suspense I, Lloyd Benson The Rat Patrol as Safti The Trial by Fire Raid Paul Bernard, Psychiatrist as Mrs. Sybil Oakwood The Tree of Life E. N. G
30.
Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
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Jerry Byrd
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Byrd was born in Lima, Ohio, one of five siblings, his interest in the instrument began after a tent show when he was 12 and by 15 he was playing in bars. Although his initial interest was Hawaiian music much of his work was country, in 1944/1945 he joined the Grand Ole Opry. He was important to the career of Dolly Parton being one of the first to sign her. He also was an educator of the steel guitar giving lessons to Jimmie Vaughan, the list of artists that Byrd played or recorded with included Hank Williams, Ernest Tubb, Patsy Cline and Red Foley and countless others. With Hank Williams he played songs like Im So Lonesome I Could Cry, Lovesick Blues, while living in Hawaii, Byrd had a regular weekly gig with his trio at the Royal Hawiian Hotel that lasted until his death. Though Byrd often joked about pedal steel players, he had nothing but the highest of praise for Buddy Emmons. He published his autobiography It Was a Trip, On The Wings of Music, Byrd died of Parkinsons disease at 85 in Honolulu, Hawaii, where he had resided for 30 years, he was survived by wife Kaleo Wood and two daughters. 1 Hana Ola—Rsi With Jack McDuff Gin and Orange With Don Patterson Satisfaction and it Was a Trip, On Wings of Music
