Herodotus was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, under Persian control in the 5th century BC, and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy. He wrote the
A Roman copy (2nd century AD) of a Greek bust of Herodotus from the first half of the 4th century BC
Soldiers of the Achaemenid army of Xerxes at the time of the Battle of Thermopylae. Tomb of Xerxes, circa 480 BC, Naqsh-e Rustam. Top rank: Persian, Median, Elamite, Parthian, Arian, Bactrian, Sogdian, Chorasmian, Zarangian, Sattagydian, Gandharan, Hindush (Indians), Scythian. Bottom rank: Scythian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Arabian, Egyptian, Armenian, Cappadocian, Lydian, Ionian, Scythian, Thracian, Macedonian, Libyan, Ethiopian.