Phuket is the largest island in modern Thailand, locating in Southern Thailand on the western coast in the Andaman Sea. Historically at the fringe of Thai sphere of influence, Phuket has a unique plac
Gerolamo Emilio Gerini or Phra Sarasat Phonlakhan composed Historical Retrospect of Junkceylon Island in 1905.
In late 1785, the Burmese armies invaded Siam in five directions, including attacks on Southern Siam and Andaman Coast, known as the Nine Armies War.
Lady Chan and Mook led people of Thalang to defend against Burmese invaders, illustrated by Hem Vejakorn (c.1969).
Statue of Francis Light at Fort Cornwallis, George Town, Penang
The Sultanate of Singora was a heavily fortified port city in southern Thailand and the precursor of the present-day town of Songkhla. It was founded in the early 17th century by a Muslim, Dato Mogol,
Siamese vassal states in the deep south showed allegiance to Ayuthaya by sending tribute. Along with slaves and weapons, tribute consisted of the Bunga Mas, a small tree decorated with gold.
Sultanate of Singora (宋腒𦛨国) delegates in Beijing, China, in 1761. 万国来朝图
Remains of the Sultanate of Singora include forts on and around Khao Daeng Mountain, a stretch of city walls, a Dutch cemetery and the tomb of Sultan Sulaiman Shah (shown above).
Typical of forts on the mountain is fort 4: it is built onto the slope of Khao Daeng, abutting the mountain at its rear and rising to a height of about 4.4 metres along the front. Internal dimensions are approximately 5.5 metres by 8.5 metres.