The history of the Jews in Amsterdam focuses on the historical center of the Dutch Jewish community, comprising both Portuguese Jews originally from both Spain and Portugal and Ashkenazi Jews, origina
Interior of the Portuguese Synagogue, modeled after the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem, Amsterdam 1695 by Romeyn de Hooghe
Drawing of the interior of the Talmud Tora at Houtgracht (1639), demolished in 1931
Esnoga in 1675
Statue of Anne Frank, by Mari Andriessen, outside the Westerkerk in Amsterdam.
The Holocaust saw the mass murder of Dutch Jews by Nazi Germany in occupied Netherlands during the Second World War. The Nazi occupation in 1940 immediately began disrupting the norms of Dutch society
Monument at Westerbork: Each stone represents one person who was detained at Westerbork prior to being murdered in a Nazi camp, A Star of David for the Jewish victims, 245 stones have a flame, representing the Romani victims. A couple of stones have no symbol, marking a Resistance victim. All 10200 stones together form the shape of the Netherlands.
Yellow Star of David that Dutch Jews were forced to wear
![Jewish woman wearing a yellow Star of David during the razzia of 20 June 1943 [nl]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R99538%2C_Niederlande%2C_Frau_mit_Judenstern.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R99538%2C_Niederlande%2C_Frau_mit_Judenstern.jpg)
Jewish woman wearing a yellow Star of David during the razzia of 20 June 1943 [nl]
Germans arrest Jews in the Jonas Daniel Meijerplein in Amsterdam, February 1941