1.
Greater Manchester
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Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.8 million. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, Greater Manchester spans 493 square miles, which roughly covers the territory of the Greater Manchester Built-up Area, the second most populous urban area in the UK. It is landlocked and borders Cheshire, Derbyshire, West Yorkshire, Lancashire, for the 12 years following 1974 the county had a two-tier system of local government, district councils shared power with the Greater Manchester County Council. The county council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts became unitary authority areas. However, the county has continued to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference, and as a ceremonial county, has a Lord Lieutenant. A further devolution of powers to Greater Manchester is set to place upon the election of the inaugural Mayor of Greater Manchester scheduled for 2017. Before the creation of the county, the name SELNEC was used for the area. Since deindustrialisation in the century, Greater Manchester has become known as an exporter of media and digital content, for its guitar and dance music. Although the modern county of Greater Manchester was not created until 1974, there is evidence of Iron Age habitation, particularly at Mellor, and Celtic activity in a settlement named Chochion, believed to have been an area of Wigan settled by the Brigantes. Stretford was also part of the believed to have been occupied by the Celtic Brigantes tribe. The remains of 1st-century forts at Castlefield in Manchester, and Castleshaw Roman fort in Saddleworth, are evidence of Roman occupation. Much of the region was omitted from the Domesday Book of 1086, Redhead states that this was only a partial survey was taken. During the Middle Ages, much of what became Greater Manchester lay within the hundred of Salfordshire – an ancient division of the county of Lancashire, Salfordshire encompassed several parishes and townships, some of which, like Rochdale, were important market towns and centres of Englands woollen trade. The development of what became Greater Manchester is attributed to a tradition of domestic flannel and fustian cloth production. Infrastructure such as rows of terraced housing, factories and roads were constructed to house labour, transport goods, however, it was Manchester that was the most populous settlement, a major city, the worlds largest marketplace for cotton goods, and the natural centre of its region. In the 1910s, local government reforms to administer this conurbation as an entity were proposed. In the 18th century, German traders had coined the name Manchesterthum to cover the region in, however, the English term Greater Manchester did not appear until the 20th century. One of its first known recorded uses was in a 1914 report put forward in response to what was considered to have been the creation of the County of London in 1889
2.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
3.
Frequency
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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, for example, if a newborn babys heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period—the time interval between beats—is half a second. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as vibrations, audio signals, radio waves. For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, in physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics, acoustics, and radio, frequency is usually denoted by a Latin letter f or by the Greek letter ν or ν. For a simple motion, the relation between the frequency and the period T is given by f =1 T. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz, named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, a previous name for this unit was cycles per second. The SI unit for period is the second, a traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. As a matter of convenience, longer and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are usually described by their frequency instead of period. Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes. Y = sin = sin d θ d x = k Wavenumber, in the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity. For periodic waves in nondispersive media, frequency has a relationship to the wavelength. Even in dispersive media, the frequency f of a wave is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength λ of the wave. In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, then v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and this expression becomes, f = c λ. When waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their remains the same—only their wavelength. For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is, the latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count. This is called gating error and causes an error in the calculated frequency of Δf = 1/, or a fractional error of Δf / f = 1/ where Tm is the timing interval. This error decreases with frequency, so it is a problem at low frequencies where the number of counts N is small, an older method of measuring the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope
4.
Digital audio broadcasting
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Digital audio broadcasting is a digital radio standard for broadcasting digital audio radio services, used in several countries across Europe and Asia Pacific. The DAB standard was initiated as a European research project in the 1980s, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation launched the first DAB channel in the world on 1 June 1995, and the BBC and Swedish Radio launched their first DAB digital radio broadcasts in September 1995. DAB receivers have been available in many countries since the end of the 1990s, DAB may offer more radio programmes over a specific spectrum than analogue FM radio. Audio quality varies depending on the used and audio material. Most stations use a bit rate of 128 kbit/s or less with the MP2 audio codec, which requires 160 kbit/s to achieve perceived FM quality. 128 kbit/s gives better dynamic range or signal-to-noise ratio than FM radio, but a more smeared stereo image, however, CD quality sound with MP2 is possible with 256…192 kbps. An upgraded version of the system was released in February 2007, DAB is not forward compatible with DAB+, which means that DAB-only receivers are not able to receive DAB+ broadcasts. However, broadcasters can mix DAB and DAB+ programs inside the same transmission, DAB+ is approximately twice as efficient as DAB, and more robust. In spectrum management, the bands that are allocated for public DAB services, are abbreviated with T-DAB, where the T stands for terrestrial. More than 30 countries provide DAB transmissions, and several countries, such as Norway, UK, Australia, Italy, Malta, Switzerland, The Netherlands, in many countries it is expected that DAB will gradually replace FM radio. Norway was the first country to announce national FM radio analog switchoff starting from 2017, DAB has been under development since 1981 at the Institut für Rundfunktechnik. In 1985 the first DAB demonstrations were held at the WARC-ORB in Geneva, later DAB was developed as a research project for the European Union, which started in 1987 on initiative by a consortium formed in 1986. The MPEG-1 Audio Layer II codec was created as part of the EU147 project, a choice of audio codec, modulation and error-correction coding schemes and first trial broadcasts were made in 1990. Public demonstrations were made in 1993 in the United Kingdom, the protocol specification was finalized in 1993 and adopted by the ITU-R standardization body in 1994, the European community in 1995 and by ETSI in 1997. Pilot broadcasts were launched in countries in 1995. The UK was the first country to receive a range of radio stations via DAB. Commercial DAB receivers began to be sold in 1999 and over 50 commercial, the standard was coordinated by the European DAB forum, formed in 1995 and reconstituted to the World DAB Forum in 1997, which represents more than 30 countries. In 2006 the World DAB Forum became the World DMB Forum which now presides over both the DAB and DMB standard, in October 2005, the World DMB Forum instructed its Technical Committee to carry out the work needed to adopt the AAC+ audio codec and stronger error correction coding
5.
Freeview (UK)
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Freeview is the United Kingdoms digital terrestrial television platform. It is operated by DTV Services Ltd, a joint venture between the BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Sky and transmitter operator Arqiva, the service provides consumer access via an aerial to the six DTT multiplexes covering the United Kingdom. In April 2014 it had some 60 DVB-T TV channels,26 digital radio channels,10 HD channels, six services,11 streamed channels. A number of new HD channels launched in 2014, from a new group of multiplexes awarded to Arqiva, the new HD channels were launched in selected areas on 10 December 2013 with a further roll-out during 2014. DTV Services delivery of television and radio is labelled Freeview. Reception of Freeview requires a Freeview tuner, either in a separate box or built into the TV set. Since 2008 all new TV sets sold in the United Kingdom have a built-in Freeview tuner, Freeview HD requires a HDTV-capable tuner. Digital video recorders with a built-in Freeview tuner are labelled Freeview+, depending on model, DVRs and HDTV sets with a Freeview tuner may offer standard Freeview or Freeview HD. DMOL, a company owned by the operators of the six DTT multiplexes is responsible for platform management and policy, including the electronic programme guide. The founding members of DTV Services, who trade as Freeview, were the BBC, Crown Castle UK, on 11 October 2006, ITV plc and Channel 4 became equal shareholders. Since then, the Freeview model has been copied in Australia, with the launch of Freeview other channels were broadcast free-to-air, such as, Sky Travel, UK History, Sky News, Sky Sports News, The Hits and TMF were available from the start. BBC Four and the interactive BBC streams were moved to multiplex B, under the initial plans, the two multiplexes operated by Crown Castle would carry eight channels altogether. The seventh stream became shared by UK Bright Ideas and Ftn which launched in February 2003, the eighth stream was left unused until April 2004 when the shopping channel Ideal World launched on Freeview. There are now 14 streams carried by the two multiplexes, with Multiplex C carrying 6 streams, and Multiplex D carrying 8 and it has recently been announced that more streams are now available on the multiplexes, and that bidding is under way. The Freeview service underwent an upgrade on 30 September 2009. The changes, meant to ensure reception of Channel 5. The Freeview website crashed and the centre was inundated as a result of the problems. The change involved an update to the NIT, which some receivers could not accommodate, many thousands of people could not receive some channels
6.
Sky UK
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Sky UK Limited is a telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom. Sky provides television and broadband services, fixed line and mobile telephone services to consumers. It is the UKs largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015 and it was the UKs most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Freeview in April 2007. Its corporate headquarters are based in Isleworth, formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, Sky became the UKs largest digital subscription television company. Following Skys 2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90. 04% interest in Sky Deutschland in November 2014, the United Kingdom operations also changed the company name from British Sky Broadcasting Limited to Sky UK Limited, still trading as Sky. Sky UK Limited is an owned subsidiary of Sky plc, with its current company directors being Andrew Griffith. Griffith acts as the Chief Financial Officer and the Managing Director for the commercial businesses division, after the two companies merged, subscribers could get access to both channels, and later the sports channel Sky Sports also became encrypted. In the autumn of 1991, talks were held for the broadcast rights for Premier League for a five-year period, ITV were the current rights holders, and fought hard to retain the new rights. ITV had increased its offer from £18m to £34m per year to control of the rights. BSkyB joined forces with the BBC to make a counter bid, Murdoch described sport as a battering ram for pay-television, providing a strong customer base. A few weeks after the deal, ITV went to the High Court to get an injunction as it believed their bid details had been leaked before the decision was taken. ITV also asked the Office of Fair Trading to investigate since it believed Rupert Murdochs media empire via its newspapers had influenced the deal. A few days later neither action took effect, ITV believed BSkyB was telephoned and informed of its £262m bid, and Premier League advised BSkyB to increase its counter bid. BSkyB retained the rights paying £670m 1997–2001 deal, but was challenged by On Digital for the rights from 2001–2004, in May 2006, the Irish broadcaster Setanta Sports was awarded two of the six Premier League packages that the English FA offered to broadcasters. Sky picked up the four for £1. 3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid £4. 2bn for a package of 120 premier league games across the three seasons from 2016 and this represented an increase of 70% on the previous contract and was said to be £1bn more than the company had expected to pay. The move has been followed by staff cuts, increased subscription prices, in September 1993, BSkyB launched Sky Multichannels which was the present digital platforms analogue predecessor. Sky Multichannels was a package that gave access not only to Skys own channels
7.
Absolute Radio
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Absolute Radio is one of the UKs three Independent National Radio stations. The station rebranded to its current name at 7,45 am on 29 September 2008, the station is based in London and plays popular rock music. It currently broadcasts on medium wave and DAB across the UK, on 105.8 FM in London and 105.2 FM in the West Midlands, Sky, Virgin Media, Freeview and Freesat. It is also available in parts of the world via satellite, cable. As of 31 December 2013, international streaming via the internet has been discontinued, Absolute Radio is a patron of The Radio Academy. Absolute Radio is owned and operated by Bauer Radio of Hamburg based Bauer Media Group, the 1990 Broadcasting Act allowed for the launch of independent national radio stations in the United Kingdom. The Radio Authority was mandated to award three INR licences, one of which had to be for a station, and one of which had to be for a predominantly speech-based service. The remaining licence was to be open to all-comers, the licences were to be awarded to the highest cash bidder, providing that the applicant met criteria set down in the Broadcasting Act. The second national licence, INR2, would take over the 1197 kHz and 1215 kHz frequencies, later that year, TV-am lost its ITV license and its stake in the radio station was sold in March 1993 to Apax Partners, JP Morgan Investment Corporation and Sir David Frost. The station launched as Virgin 1215 at 12.15 pm on 30 April 1993, the original line-up of DJs included Richard Skinner, Russ Williams, Jono Coleman, Mitch Johnson, Graham Dene, Nick Abbot, Wendy Lloyd, Tommy Rivers, Emperor Rosko and Dave Fanning. Chris Evans was also hired to present a Saturday morning show, the Show, The Big Red Mug Show was sponsored by Nescafe. The first song was a version of the Steppenwolf song Born to be Wild. Richard Branson was the first voice to be heard, live from the Virgin Megastore in Manchester, Skinner was also Programme Director, a role he shared with John Revell. John Pearson, formerly Sales Director of LBC was launch Sales Director, andy Mollett was launch Finance Director. David Campbell, previously managing director of one of Virgins post-production television companies, was the executive at launch. From before its launch on AM, Virgin Radio was campaigning for a national FM network, Virgin Radio launched on 105.8 MHz FM in London on 10 April 1995 beginning with a message from broadcaster David Frost at 6 am followed by the Russ n’ Jono breakfast show. Part of the requirements for the London service meant that a daily London opt-out was broadcast on FM. Within a year, Virgin Group was considering the next steps for the station, including the option of a flotation or buying back the shares of JP Morgan, Apax
8.
Kiss (UK radio station)
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Kiss is a UK radio station which is broadcasting on FM and National DAB, specialising in pop, hip hop, R&B, urban and electronic dance music. It also broadcasts on DAB Digital Radio around the UK & nationally on Freeview, Sky, owned by Hamburg based Bauer Media Group, Kiss forms part of Bauers National portfolio of radio brands. Kiss spin-off brands include Kisstory and Kiss Fresh, Kiss FM began in October 1985 as a pirate radio station, broadcasting first to South London then across the whole city, on 94FM. The station had gained an audience by the time it was awarded a legitimate licence in 1990. Lyn was brought in to write the original proposal in 1989 and was Head of Talks responsible for all spoken word output on the new KISS100 FM. This material had never been broadcast in the UK on radio or TV, a missed opportunity indeed as it became the standard fare of every major broadcaster through the 1990s and noughties. Lyn Champion was the first to leave as a result, followed by such icons as Norman Jay, lyn lectures extensively about media de-regulation and content. Everyone during Kiss 94s pirate period had stickers in their cars, and it was suggested that the station had commanded almost 500,000 listeners while operating as an unlicensed pirate station. Kiss FM was established by Gordon Mac McNaeece and his friends, Tosca, Pyers Easton, Gordon Mac approached a successful London club promoter, Guy Wingate, to discuss ways of improving the Kiss FM profile. As a result, Wingate launched the very successful Kiss nights at the Wag Club and these nights increased the stations credibility with its target audience and Wingate joined the Kiss team, followed shortly thereafter by Lindsay Wesker. Kiss was owned by Gordon Mac and in 1986 he sold shares to 10 of the DJs, including Tim Westwood, Jonathan More, Norman Jay, Trevor Nelson and others. Gordon Mac, Wesker and Wingate, the team of DJs, in 1988, the Department of Trade And Industry advertised the first new radio licence in London for many years and Kiss FM mounted a strong campaign to be awarded this licence. Despite public support, the licence was awarded to Jazz FM, new licences were subsequently advertised and this time Kiss, with significant public and listener support, was awarded one of these. On 1 September 1990 Kiss relaunched as a station, with its studio and offices located on the Holloway Road. EMAP took full control of Kiss 100 as early as 1992, but there was no significant rebranding of Kiss 100, the rebranding resulted in a new logo being adopted in 1999. EMAP wanted to align Kiss 100 with the rest of its operations and to do so. At the same time, the Kiss studios and offices was moved from its roots to EMAPs main premises in Central London. These changes led to criticism from both presenters and listeners alike, concerned that Kiss 100 was losing its musical direction
9.
Magic 105.4 FM
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Magic 105.4 FM is an adult contemporary Independent Local Radio and national radio station based in London owned by Bauer Radio. Magic 105.4 FM forms part of Bauers National portfolio of radio brands, as well as being carried on FM and DAB in London it is carried nationally on DAB, as well as online and on digital television. In 1998, Melody FM was purchased by media group Emap from Hanson plc for a reported £25 million, Magic was criticised for automating a further eleven hours of its daily output given the reach and size of the station. Audience figures fell on all nine stations in the months that followed. These stations were rebranded into the Bauer City 2 network in 2015. The end of networking heralded a shift, Magic adopting its more music. Former Capital FM head and radio consultant Richard Park was brought in to increase the audience share. IRN retained the contract to supply Magics news bulletins until 2015, however, Magic regained the honour on 30 March 2007 with listener Maria Crosskey winning £168,600 in a six-month-long Mystery Voices contest, although she was later disqualified. In 2008, Emap sold its stations, including Magic. Magic, along with urban-music station Kiss and a number of radio brands. It had previously broadcast from studios on Winsley Street until September 2014, Magic launched two digital-only sister stations in March 2016 as part of the Sound Digital multiplex jointly owned by Bauer. Fran Godfrey has hosted the breakfast show on Mellow Magic, its only live programme, there is also a complementary Magic music television channel available on the Sky and Virgin Media digital TV platforms in the UK. For a number of years, Magic ran a Mystery Voices competition in which listeners were required to guess the names of three celebrity voices, one said Magic, the second One-oh-five and the third Point-four. Every hour a listener guessed the names of the celebrities and for each failed attempt £100 was added to the prize fund, the competitions often ran for several months with the winner eventually receiving a prize potentially worth upwards of £100,000. Nicola Diss won £110,600 for identifying Kurt Russell, Gloria Estefan, barbara Way won £81,200 for naming Liza Tarbuck, Mariah Carey and John Travolta. In a marathon six-month contest, a woman claiming to be called Maria Crosskey won £168,600 for identifying Anjelica Huston, Rob Thomas, Emap decided to roll the prize fund over to the start of the next Mystery Voices contest, which began in August 2007. A competition commenced in August 2007, due to the disqualification after the previous contest, the bonus for the first voice was set at £50,000, for the second voice another £50,000 and the jackpot for the third voice started at £69,000. The bonuses went on the second and fourth days of the competition, Paul Young, the jackpot of £88,600 was won on 5 September 2007 by Gary Thompson who identified the third voice as that of Nigel Planer
10.
Webcast
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A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand, essentially, webcasting is broadcasting over the Internet. The largest webcasters include existing radio and TV stations, who simulcast their output through online TV or online radio streaming, Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific webcasting licenses to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material, Webcasting is used extensively in the commercial sector for investor relations presentations, in e-learning, and for related communications activities. However, webcasting does not bear much, if any, relationship to web conferencing, the ability to webcast using cheap/accessible technology has allowed independent media to flourish. There are many notable independent shows that broadcast regularly online, often produced by average citizens in their homes they cover many interests and topics. Webcasts relating to computers, technology, and news are particularly popular, Webcasting differs from podcasting in that webcasting refers to live streaming while podcasting simply refers to media files placed on the Internet. Webcasting is the distribution of media files through the internet, pakman from Apple, they launched the Macintosh New York Music Festival from July 17–22,1995. This event audio webcast concerts from more than 15 clubs in New York City, Apple later webcast a concert by Metallica on June 10,1996 live from Slims in San Francisco. In 1995, Benford E. Standley produced one of the first audio/video webcasts in history, on August 13,1998, it is generally believed the first webcast wedding took place, between Alan Knecht and Carrie Silverman in Toronto Canada. The live signal was broadcast via satellite to PA, then encoded and streamed via the BGEA website, the first teleconferenced/webcast wedding to date is believed to have occurred on December 31,1998. Dale Ficken and Lorrie Scarangella wed on this date as they stood in a church in Pennsylvania, on November 4,1994, Stef van der Ziel distributed the first live video images over the web from the Simplon venue in Groningen. On November 7,1994, WXYC, the radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill became the first radio station in the world to broadcast its signal over the internet. Translated versions including Subtitling are now possible using SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, a wedcast is a webcast of a wedding. It allows family and friends of the couple to watch the wedding in time on the Internet. Webcasting a funeral is also a service provided by funeral homes. Although it has been around for a decade, cheaper broadband, the strain of travel. International Webcasting Association Media clip Podcast Streaming media Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language Video blog Web radio Webisode Webinar PR Newswire
11.
Castlefield
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Castlefield is an inner city conservation area of Manchester in North West England. The conservation area which bears its name is bounded by the River Irwell, Quay Street, Deansgate and it was the site of the Roman era fort of Mamucium or Mancunium which gave its name to Manchester. It was the terminus of the Bridgewater Canal, the worlds first industrial canal built in 1764, the worlds first passenger railway terminated here in 1830, at Liverpool Road railway station and the first railway warehouse opened here in 1831. The Rochdale Canal met the Bridgewater Canal at Castlefield in 1805 and in the 1830s they were linked with the Mersey and it has a tram station, Deansgate-Castlefield tram stop providing frequent Manchester Metrolink services to Eccles, Bury, Altrincham, Manchester Piccadilly, East Didsbury and Rochdale. Castlefield was designated as an area in 1980 and the United Kingdoms first designated Urban Heritage Park in 1982. The name Castlefield refers to the position below the former Roman fort. It is a version of the earlier name Castle-in-the-field. Another name for the area was Campfield, which derived from the same source and it is preserved in the name of St Matthews Church, Campfield, and Campfield Market. Port in Old English could refer to a harbour or a market so the names could be old, a Roman fort, Mamucium or Mancunium was established in what is now Castlefield around AD79 near a crossing place on the River Medlock. The fort was sited on a bluff near the confluence of the River Medlock. It was erected as a series of fortifications established by Gnaeus Julius Agricola during his campaign against the Brigantes who were the Celtic tribe in control of most of northern England and it guarded a central stage of the Roman road, between Deva Victrix and Eboracum. Another road branched off to the north to Bremetennacum, the neighbouring forts were Castleshaw and Northwich. Built first from turf and timber, the fort was demolished around 140, when it was rebuilt around 160, it was again of turf and timber construction. Around the year 200, the fort underwent another rebuild enhancing its defences by replacing the gatehouse in stone, the fort would have been garrisoned by an infantry cohort of around 500 auxiliary troops. Evidence of both pagan and Christian worship has been discovered, two altars have been found and there may be a temple of Mithras at the site. A word square was discovered in the 1970s that may be one of the earliest examples of Christianity in Britain, a civilian settlement grew in association with the fort, made up of traders and the soldiers families. An area which has a concentration of furnaces and industrial activity has been described as an industrial estate, the civilian settlement was probably abandoned by the mid-3rd century, although a small garrison may have remained at Mamucium into the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. A reconstructed part of the stands on the site and is open to the public
12.
Manchester
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Manchester is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 514,414 as of 2013. It lies within the United Kingdoms second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.55 million, Manchester is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation. The local authority is Manchester City Council and it was historically a part of Lancashire, although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated during the 20th century. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a township but began to expand at an astonishing rate around the turn of the 19th century. Manchesters unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, Manchester achieved city status in 1853. The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894, creating the Port of Manchester and its fortunes declined after the Second World War, owing to deindustrialisation. The city centre was devastated in a bombing in 1996, but it led to extensive investment, in 2014, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked Manchester as a beta world city, the highest-ranked British city apart from London. Manchester is the third-most visited city in the UK and it is notable for its architecture, culture, musical exports, media links, scientific and engineering output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the worlds first inter-city passenger railway station and in the city scientists first split the atom, the name Manchester originates from the Latin name Mamucium or its variant Mancunium and the citizens are still referred to as Mancunians. These are generally thought to represent a Latinisation of an original Brittonic name, both meanings are preserved in languages derived from Common Brittonic, mam meaning breast in Irish and mother in Welsh. The suffix -chester is a survival of Old English ceaster and their territory extended across the fertile lowland of what is now Salford and Stretford. Central Manchester has been settled since this time. A stabilised fragment of foundations of the version of the Roman fort is visible in Castlefield. After the Roman withdrawal and Saxon conquest, the focus of settlement shifted to the confluence of the Irwell, much of the wider area was laid waste in the subsequent Harrying of the North. Thomas de la Warre, lord of the manor, founded and constructed a church for the parish in 1421. The church is now Manchester Cathedral, the premises of the college house Chethams School of Music. The library, which opened in 1653 and is open to the public today, is the oldest free public reference library in the United Kingdom. Manchester is mentioned as having a market in 1282, around the 14th century, Manchester received an influx of Flemish weavers, sometimes credited as the foundation of the regions textile industry
13.
Key 2
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Key 2 is a local radio station owned and operated by Bauer Radio as part of the City 2 network. It broadcasts to Manchester from studios in Castlefield and it began broadcasting in 1974 as Piccadilly Radio, the first commercial radio station in Manchester. The station was later renamed Piccadilly Magic 1152 and then Key 2, the station began broadcasting on 2 April 1974 as Piccadilly Radio on 261m AM/MW and on 97.0 MHz FM. Journalist Paul Lockitt joined Piccadilly in 1979 and endures as the stations longest serving broadcaster after 30-plus years as a producer, presenter and newscaster. Piccadilly Radio split into two services in 1988, with Key 103 broadcast on FM with a format, while Piccadilly Gold broadcast on AM with a Gold format. In the mid-1990s Piccadilly Gold became Piccadilly 1152 as the playlist moved away from oldies to a mix of classic. In 1994, a station, Fortune 1458 commenced on the old BBC GMR AM frequency. In 1994, Piccadilly were part of the Transworld Radio Group, in 1999/2000 the parent company EMAP re-branded the station as Magic 1152, to fall in-line with the other nine Magic Radio stations they owned across London and the north of England. The idea of a Magic brand of stations was seen to be beneficial when selling air time to national advertisers and this change in name also coincided with the 25th birthday of Piccadilly Radio. The station was branded as Piccadilly 1152 - the magic of Manchester during the transition Except for a spell in 2000. In December 2001, EMAP decided that it was economical for the Magic network to share off-peak programmes. During networked hours, local adverts were aired, as well as a news summary on the hour. From July 2006, more networking was introduced across the Northern Magic AM network which meant only 4 hours a day was to be presented from the local studios, in April 2012 Magic 1152, inline with the majority of other Magic North stations, dropped local weekend breakfast shows. Between March 2013 and December 2014, weekday breakfast was syndicated with Magic 1548 in Liverpool, on 5 January 2015, Magic 1152 was rebranded as Key 2, as Magic FM in London went national on DAB. The station is now part of the Bauer City 2 network, all programming is networked with the other Bauer AM stations in the North although local news, weather and travel continue to be broadcast as opt-outs during the day. Since the rebrand the stations audience share has fallen dramatically, the majority of Key 2s programming is taken from the Bauer City 2 network, although there are separate shows for northern England at peak times, including weekday breakfast and drive time. Key 2 broadcasts local news bulletins hourly from 6am to 7pm on weekdays, from 9am to 1pm on Saturdays, headlines are broadcast on the half-hour during weekday breakfast and drivetime shows, alongside sport and traffic bulletins. The Manchester newsroom also produces bespoke networked bulletins for northern England at weekends with Sky News Radio bulletins carried overnight, extended sports coverage is featured in the networks Game On programme on Saturday afternoons
14.
Independent Local Radio
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Independent Local Radio is the collective name given to commercial radio stations in the United Kingdom. The same name is used for Independent Local Radio in Ireland, until the early 1970s, the BBC had a legal monopoly on radio broadcasting in the UK. Upon the election of Edward Heaths government in 1970, this policy changed and it is possible that Heaths victory was partly due to younger voters upset by the UK government closing down the popular pirate radio stations. The new Minister of Post and Telecommunications, Christopher Chataway, announced a Bill to allow for the introduction of radio in the United Kingdom. This service would be planned and regulated in a manner to the existing ITV service. The Sound Broadcasting Act received Royal Assent on 12 July 1972, the IBA immediately began to plan the new service, placing advertisements encouraging interested groups to apply for medium-term contracts to provide programmes in given areas. The first major areas to be advertised were London and Glasgow, the London news contract was awarded to London Broadcasting Company and they began broadcasting on 8 October 1973. The London general contract went to Capital Radio, who began broadcasting on 16 October 1973, in total,19 contracts were awarded between 1973 and 1976. Due to government limits on expenditure and turbulence in the broadcasting field, no further contracts were awarded until 1980. All stations were awarded an AM and an FM frequency, on which they broadcast the same service, in the late 1980s, the expansion of ILR continued at a similar rate. Under the Broadcasting Acts, the IBA had a duty to ensure that any area it licensed for radio could support a station with the advertising revenue. Therefore, many areas were not included in the IBAs ILR plans as it was felt that they were not viable. Nevertheless, the served by ILR continued to increase and 1986 the IBA sanctioned in principle the idea that different services could be broadcast on each stations FM. The first experimental part-time split service was provided by Radio Forth, by 1988, the government had decided that the practice of splitting was beneficial and a quick way to increase choice for listeners. The IBA then began a programme of encouraging ILR stations to split their services, the usual format was to have a gold service on AM and pop music on FM, although Radio City tried City Talk on AM before abandoning the format. The 1990 Broadcasting Act provided for the abolition of the IBA, the IBA continued to regulate radio under the new name of the Radio Authority, but with a different remit. As a light-touch regulator, the Radio Authority was to issue licences to the highest bidder and this led to the awarding of three national contracts to Classic FM, Virgin 1215 and Talk Radio. At this point in time the wave band had become unpopular with radio groups
15.
Good Vibrations
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Good Vibrations is a song composed and produced by Brian Wilson with words by Mike Love for the American rock band the Beach Boys. Released as a single in October 1966, it was a critical and commercial hit, topping record charts in several countries including the US. Characterized by its complex soundscapes, episodic structure, and subversions of pop music formula, Good Vibrations later became widely acclaimed as one of the greatest masterpieces of rock music. It was envisioned for the unfinished album Smile, but instead appeared on the substitute LP Smiley Smile, most of the song was developed as it was recorded. Its title derived from Wilsons fascination with cosmic vibrations, after his mother told him as a child that dogs sometimes bark at people in response to their bad vibrations. He used the concept to suggest extrasensory perception, while Loves lyrics were inspired by the Flower Power movement that was burgeoning in Southern California. The making of Good Vibrations was unprecedented for any kind of recording, band publicist Derek Taylor dubbed the unusual work a pocket symphony. It contained previously untried mixes of instruments, including jaw harp and Electro-Theremin, for the song, Wilson is credited with further developing the use of the recording studio as an instrument. Although it does not technically feature a theremin, it is cited for having one. Its success earned the Beach Boys a Grammy nomination for Best Vocal Group performance in 1966, the Beach Boys leader Brian Wilson was responsible for the musical composition and virtually all of the arrangement for Good Vibrations. His cousin and bandmate Mike Love contributed the lyrics and its bass vocalization in the chorus. During the recording sessions for Pet Sounds, Wilson began changing his writing process. Rather than going to the studio with a song, he would record a track containing a series of chord changes he liked, take an acetate disc home. For Good Vibrations, Wilson said, I had a lot of unfinished ideas, each feel represented a mood or an emotion Id felt, and I planned to fit them together like a mosaic. Most of the structure and arrangement was written as it was recorded. Engineer Chuck Britz is quoted saying that Wilson considered the song to be his whole performance in one track. Wilson stated, I was an energetic 23-year-old, I said, This is going to be better than Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin. Brian said that the song was inspired by his mother, used to me about vibrations
16.
The Beach Boys
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The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The groups original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The Beach Boys began as a band managed by the Wilsons father Murry. Emerging at the vanguard of the California Sound, they performed material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars. After 1964, they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics, in 1966, the Pet Sounds album and Good Vibrations single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era. Following Smiles dissolution, Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band, reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues. The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the transition into an oldies act. Since the 1980s, much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties, songwriting credits, Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998. After Carls death, many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love, Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnstons band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour, they remain a part of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Inc. The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, the group had over eighty songs chart worldwide, thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits, four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. They received their only Grammy Award for The Smile Sessions, the core quintet of the three Wilsons, Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. At the time of his birthday on June 20,1958, Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers, Dennis and Carl – aged thirteen and eleven. He had watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano, after dissecting songs such as Ivory Tower and Good News, Brian would teach family members how to sing the background harmonies. For his birthday that year, Brian received a tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl, Brian played piano with Carl and David Marks, an eleven-year-old longtime neighbor, playing guitars they had each received as Christmas presents. Soon Brian and Carl were avidly listening to Johnny Otis KFOX radio show, inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, Brian changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his studies at school. Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love, Brian taught Loves sister Maureen and a friend harmonies
17.
Independent Broadcasting Authority
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The Independent Broadcasting Authority was the regulatory body in the United Kingdom for commercial television – and commercial and independent radio broadcasts. The IBA came into being when the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 gave the Independent Television Authority responsibility for organising the new Independent Local Radio stations, Independent Television Commission formally replaced the IBA on 1 January 1991 in regulatory terms, however the Authority itself was not officially dissolved until 2003. It established and part-funded a National Broadcasting School to train on-air, the IBAs approach to regulation was more robust than its successors, and it assumed the ultimate role of the broadcaster. The IBA took a very hands-on approach and placed the interests of the viewer before anything else, for example, if two ITV licensees wanted to merge, or another wanted to change its broadcast name, this would require approval by the IBA. This direct approach extended to also, the IBA could place limits on how many soap episodes could be shown per week. In 1960, two years after the scandal in America, the IBAs predecessor imposed a £1,000 cap on the value of prizes that would increase over the years to £6,000 in 1981 and be lifted in 1993. The Six Thousand Four Hundred Pound Question was only asked every other week so as not to break the regulatory £3, 200/week maximum. For several years until July 1990 the IBA put out a weekly programme under the title Engineering Announcements, transmitted outside normal programme hours. These provided valuable information for members of the radio and television trade. Regional programming on ITV was a concern for the IBA. In particular, the IBAs E&D Department developed SABRE that enabled mainland broadcast television channels to be received for re-broadcasting in the Channel Islands. During the early 1980s, the E&D Department designed and manufactured the specialised broadcast receiving and monitoring equipment used to build the national broadcast network for Channel Four, e&Ds engineers also designed and built some of the first digital audio equipment for satellite broadcasting including systems using data packets. In the late 1980s the IBA was appointed as regulator and transmitter operator for the first DBS service for the UK, in advance of this, the rival Sky Television plc was able to launch an analogue service from Luxembourg regulated satellites. After around a year, the merged with BSB. These assets are now within the portfolio operated by Arqiva, in 2008 the IBAs extensive archive was lodged with the University of Bournemouth. The IBAs Membership of the European Broadcasting Union was passed to United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting, the Engineering staff of the IBA contributed many papers to international standards groups and conferences over many years. Its lasting legacy is a set of IBA Technical Reviews published over a period of 16 years from 1972 to 1988, the complete set of these Reviews as well as some other documents and records is available for free download. The reviews were written by the technical staff of the IBA but some articles were written by others from the Independent Television companies
18.
Tim Grundy
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Timothy Tim Grundy was an English television and radio presenter. He was born in Manchester, Lancashire, Grundy was born to a Scottish mother and Bill Grundy, the broadcaster remembered for his expletive-filled interview with the Sex Pistols. His appearances were numerous, including from 1990, Showbiz People, People Today, See You Sunday, The Forum, in 1999 he appeared in Great Estates, Twos Country which was renewed into 5 television series, Ship to Shore, Show People and Car Country among others. On 11 August, Tim presented the Discovery Home and Leisure channels live coverage of the solar eclipse. In 2000 he appeared in The Villagers, Cabin Fever, Last in the League, in October 2002, he was launch Programme Controller for Reading 107, where he also hosted the breakfast show. Whilst working at Reading 107, he lived in the hamlet of Ufton Nervet and on 6 November 2004 he was one of the first on the scene of the Ufton Nervet rail crash, Grundy had two children and was chairman of the Childrens Adventure Farm Trust. He also worked for charities, including the Boys and Girls Welfare Society. Grundy suffered heart failure in 2006, and was in a coma for several weeks and he was fitted with a defibrillator, and his health remained poor. In 2009, he was admitted to hospital with a minor injury, but deteriorated very quickly in hospital and died of blood loss and multiple organ failure
19.
Becky Want
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Rebecca Elizabeth Want is a radio and television broadcaster, based in Manchester. Want has worked for Manchester radio stations Piccadilly Radio and Key 103 and she has been a radio host for BBC Radio Manchester for over 5 years where she presents the weekday afternoon show on BBC Radio Manchester. She also presents Becky Wants Retail Therapy, a Saturday morning show broadcast, Becky was a features presenter on the North West regional news magazine programme Granada Tonight in the early 1990s on Manchester based ITV station Granada Television. Want has also been a face on Whats New alongside Tony Wilson, Travellers Check with Stuart Hall, Livetime, Psychic Livetime and she has worked for ITVs Livetalk and Which Way. On the BBC she has presented Inside Out North West for BBC North West and she took part in Comic Relief 2011 and was challenged to perform as a stand up comedian at the Frog and Bucket comedy club in Manchester. She is listed as a key supporter of the Moore Foundation and she was born in Hyde, Tameside in Greater Manchester and she studied drama at university. Her career began as a secretary at a station where she was given the opportunity to go on air. She has a son, Isaac Interview with Becky Want
20.
Steve Coogan
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Stephen John Coogan is an English actor, stand-up comedian, impressionist, screenwriter, and producer. He began his career in the 1980s, working as a voice artist on the puppet show Spitting Image. In the early 1990s, he began creating comic characters. In 1999, he co-founded the production company Baby Cow Productions and he featured in several television series, which earned him three BAFTA nominations and two wins for Best Comedy Performance. A feature-length film, Alan Partridge, Alpha Papa, was released in 2013, Coogan grew in prominence within the film industry in 2002, after starring in The Parole Officer and 24 Hour Party People. He was also an actor in the animated comedy films Despicable Me 2 and its prequel Minions. Coogan has also branched out into dramatic roles, with What Maisie Knew. He co-wrote, produced, and starred in the film adaptation Philomena, which earned him a Golden Globe and BAFTA nomination and he has been cast in the lead role for the ABC television pilot Doubt and the Showtime drama Happyish. On 22 November 2011, Coogan, along with Hugh Grant, Coogan was born in Middleton, Lancashire in 1965. He is the fourth of seven born to Kathleen, a housewife, and Anthony Coogan. He was raised Roman Catholic, in a working class family and his mother is Irish-born, from Mayo, and his father is of Irish descent. He attended Cardinal Langley Roman Catholic High School and he has stated that he had a happy childhood, and in addition to having four brothers and two sisters, his parents fostered children on a short-term basis. Coogan had a talent for impersonation, and wanted to go to drama school, Coogan began his career as a comic and impressionist, performing regularly in Ipswich, before working as a voice artist for television advertisements and the satirical puppet show Spitting Image. His most prominent characters developed at this time were Paul Calf, a working class Mancunian. He appeared as a presenter on the television comedy The Day Today, before hosting his own chat show. In 1997, Partridge returned in the sitcom Im Alan Partridge, which was followed by a series in 2002. Partridge featured in Coogans 2008 stand-up tour, a feature-length film, Alan Partridge, Alpha Papa, was released in 2013. Paul Calf first began as a character named Duncan Disorderly in Coogans early stand-up routines, Calf first came to wider public notice in 1993, with several appearances on Saturday Zoo, a late-night variety show presented by Jonathan Ross on Channel 4
21.
Simple Minds
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Simple Minds are a Scottish rock band that formed in Glasgow in 1977. Simple Minds are the most commercially successful Scottish band of the 1980s and they have achieved five UK number one albums during their career and have sold 30 million records worldwide. Despite various personnel changes, they continue to record and tour, the band scored a string of hit singles, becoming best known internationally for their 1985 hit Dont You, from the soundtrack of the film The Breakfast Club. Their other more prominent hits include Alive and Kicking and Belfast Child, in 2016, they won the British Academys Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Song Collection. The core of the band is the two remaining founding members – Jim Kerr and Charlie Burchill, the other current band members are Andy Gillespie, drummer Mel Gaynor and Ged Grimes. Former members include bass guitarist Derek Forbes, drummer Brian McGee, the roots of Simple Minds are in the short-lived punk band Johnny & The Self-Abusers, founded on the South Side of Glasgow in 1977. The band was conceived by would-be Glasgow scene-maker Alan Cairnduff, although he left the job of organising the band to his friend John Milarky. At Cairnduff’s suggestion, Milarky teamed up two musicians he had never worked with before – budding singer and lyricist Jim Kerr and guitarist Charlie Burchill. Kerr and Burchill had known each other since the age of eight, after joining Johnny & The Self-Abusers, they brought in two of their school friends, Brian McGee on drums and Tony Donald on bass. With Milarky established as singer, guitarist and saxophonist, the line-up was completed by his friend Allan McNeill as third guitarist, Kerr and Burchill also doubled on keyboards and violin respectively. In common with the punk bands, various members took on stage names—Milarky became Johnnie Plague, Kerr became Pripton Weird, MacNeil chose Sid Syphilis. Johnny & The Self-Abusers played their first gig on Easter Monday,11 April 1977, the band played support to rising punk stars Generation X in Edinburgh two weeks later. The band went on to play a summer of concerts in Glasgow, in November 1977, Johnny & The Self-Abusers released its only single, Saints and Sinners, on Chiswick Records. The band split on the day that the single was released, with Milarky. Ditching the stage names and the overt punkiness, the members continued together as Simple Minds. In January 1978, Simple Minds recruited Duncan Barnwell as a second guitarist, meanwhile, Kerr had abandoned keyboards to concentrate entirely on vocals. In March 1978, Kerr, Burchill, Donald, Barnwell, the band rapidly established a reputation as an exciting live act and gained a management deal with Bruce Findlay, owner of the Bruces Records chain of record shops. Findlay also owned Zoom Records, and used his position to get Simple Minds signed to Arista, by early 1980, Findlay would have become the bands full-time manager via his Schoolhouse Management company
22.
Ascential
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Ascential plc, formerly EMAP, is a British business-to-business media business specialising in exhibitions & festivals and information services. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE250 Index, Richard Winfrey purchased the Spalding Guardian in 1887 and later purchased the Lynn News and the Peterborough Advertiser, he also started the North Cambs Echo. Sir Richard Winfrey was a Liberal politician and campaigner for agricultural rights, during World War II Winfreys newspaper interests began to be passed over to his son, Richard Pattinson Winfrey. The Peterborough Advertiser Co. the West Norfolk and Kings Lynn Newspaper Co. and commercial printing sections at Rushden, Kings Lynn, the magazine division was founded on a hunch when the companys printing presses lay dormant between printing issues of the local papers. The staff gambled that a weekly angling publication would be a hit - and this was soon joined by another weekly heavyweight when EMAP bought Motor Cycle News from its founder in 1956 for a hundred pounds. EMAP grew significantly in the late 1970s under the guidance of the successful partnership of Sir Robin Miller. In 1996 EMAP PLC agreed to sell its 65 newspaper titles, including the 300-year-old Stamford Mercury, scottish Radio Holdings was acquired by EMAP on 21 June 2005. In 2006, EMAP sold its French division to Italys Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, on 27 July 2007, EMAP announced that it was undertaking a review of the structure of the group in response to receiving a number of unsolicited proposals to purchase parts of the company. On 12 September 2007, EMAP announced that it had completed the disposal of its Australian consumer magazine division, on 29 January 2008, EMAP completed the sale of its radio, television and consumer media businesses to German company Bauer for £1. 14bn. In March 2012, the announced that it would be renamed Top Right Group. The EMAP name would continue to be used for the magazines operation, the database business was renamed 4C Group, and the events unit was renamed I2i Events Group. Then in October 2015 the company announced that the EMAP brand would be scrapped as all its titles move to digital-only format, in December Top Right Group rebranded as Ascential. The company was the subject of an initial public offering in February 2016
23.
The Hits Radio
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The Hits is a CHR digital television platform owned and operated by Bauer Radio. It forms part of Bauers National portfolio of radio brands, the platform broadcasts from Castlefield, Manchester with a line up of young presenting talent and established presenters from various stations within Bauer Radio. It is available as a service, under The Hits branding, on the Freeview digital television platform. As of 19 January 2015 the platforms programme content forms the backbone of the locally branded Bauer City 3 network of stations in Northern England and Scotland. The Hits was withdrawn from DAB in London and Birmingham from 5 January 2015
24.
Manchester Evening News
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The Manchester Evening News is a regional daily newspaper covering Greater Manchester in North West England. It is published every day except Sunday and is owned by Trinity Mirror plc following its sale by Guardian Media Group in early 2010 and it has an average daily circulation of 52,158, of which 24,560 are fully paid for. The paper was first published in 1868 by Mitchell Henry as part of his Parliamentary election campaign, shortly after the election the newspaper was sold to John Edward Taylor, the son of the founder and owner of the Manchester Guardian, becoming the evening counterpart of the morning newspaper. This is also where Trinity Mirror titles in North West England are printed, despite its evening title, the newspaper began publication of a morning edition in November 2004, a controversial move which brought union members to the brink of strike action over new work rotas. For years the paper was famous for its Football Green edition, after the MEN merged with the rival Manchester Evening Chronicle, its more popular Sporting Pink was adopted as the Football Pink. The Green and Pink names came from being printed in paper of those colours, in the 1970s the Saturday sports paper began using white newsprint, which had become by then the industry standard. The papers were printed in mobile presses inside newspaper vans usually parked near the stadiums, on 2 May 2006 the Evening News dropped the Lite edition in favour of a part-free, part-paid distribution model for the main paper. Copies were free in Manchester city centre, while readers outside that area continued to pay for the paper, in December 2006, the paper also began free distribution at Manchester Airport and hospitals throughout Greater Manchester. In December 2009, the announced that as of January 2010 the paper would no longer be handed out free Monday to Friday in the city centre. Instead they would be handed out free as previously on Thursdays and Fridays, Manchester Metro News—weekly sister paper Official website
25.
Greatest Day (Take That song)
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Greatest Day is a song by British pop group Take That. It was released through Polydor Records on 24 November 2008 as the single from their fifth studio album. The song was written and produced by Take That and co-produced by John Shanks, the song reached number one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the bands eleventh UK number-one single. It has since been certified Gold in the United Kingdom selling over 520,000 copies, Greatest Day was written by Take That and produced by John Shanks. The video for Greatest Day was filmed on location in Los Angeles on top of a 60 storey building in the area and has become an iconic for the band. It was directed by Meiert Avis, who previously shot videos for U2, Damien Rice, Bruce Springsteen, the band shot the video while visiting producer John Shanks in the city who was mixing the album. It shows the band performing the song as they look on the sun setting in LA before they are beamed up into a light as the song finishes, the video premiered on AOL on 22 October 2008. Greatest Day debuted at one on the UK Singles Chart upon its release. It stayed at the top spot for one week before being succeeded by Leona Lewis, in Ireland, the single peaked at number two. The single also charted in the top 40 in Germany, The Netherlands, Denmark, Take That performed the song at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2008 on 6 November 2008, the first pan-European live performance by the band, preceding the singles release on 24 November 2008. The song was premiered to a UK audience on The X Factor where they had a Take That themed song week. The band also performed the live at Children in Need 2008 on the BBC on 14 November 2008. The song moves in 104 BPM and has a key signature of D flat major, Take That performed Greatest Day at the 2009 Brit Awards. They performed the song live whilst upon a UFO stage prop and it was revealed after in Take That/Take Two that the technical people said they could not sing live as they were on the UFO stage prop. This was because of where they were positioned, which was right in front of the speakers and it was never officially released, however
26.
Take That
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Take That are an English pop group formed in Manchester in 1990. The group currently consists of Gary Barlow, Howard Donald, the original line-up also featured Jason Orange and Robbie Williams. Barlow acts as the lead singer and primary songwriter, with Owen and Williams initially providing backing vocals and Donald. The group have had 28 top 40 singles and 17 top 5 singles in the United Kingdom,12 of which have reached number one, internationally, the band have had 56 number one singles and 37 number one albums. They have received eight Brit Awards—winning awards for Best British Group, Williams left the band in 1995 while the four remaining members completed their world tour and released a final single before splitting up in 1996. The group achieved new success as a four-piece, scoring a string of hits across the UK. Williams rejoined Take That in 2010 for the sixth studio album. Released on 15 November of that year, it was the first album of new material to feature Take Thats original line-up since their 1995 album and it became the fastest-selling album of the 21st century and the second fastest-selling album in British history. In 2014, the recorded a seventh studio album, this time as a trio without Williams. The album, titled III, was released in November 2014 and it was preceded by the single These Days, which became the bands 12th number one single in the UK. In 2012, the band were announced by Forbes as the fifth highest-earning music stars in the world, as of 2017, Take That had sold over 45 million records worldwide. In 1989, Manchester-based Nigel Martin-Smith sought to create a British male vocal singing group modelled after New Kids on the Block, martin-Smiths vision, however, was a teen-orientated group that would appeal to more than one demographic segment of the music industry. Martin-Smith was introduced to young singer-songwriter Gary Barlow, who had been performing in clubs since the age of 15, impressed with Barlows catalogue of self-written material, Martin-Smith decided to build his new-look boy band around Barlows musical abilities. A campaign to audition young men with abilities in dancing and singing followed, at 22, Howard Donald was one of the oldest to audition, but he was chosen after he got time off work as a vehicle painter to continue the process. Prior to auditioning, Jason Orange had appeared as a breakdancer on the television programme The Hit Man. Martin-Smith also selected 18-year-old bank employee Mark Owen and finally 16-year-old Robbie Williams to round out the group, Take Thats first TV appearance was on The Hit Man and Her in 1990, where they performed Barlows self-written, unreleased song, My Kind of Girl. They later appeared a second time to perform Waiting Around, which would become the B-side for the first single, promises and Once Youve Tasted Love were also released as singles but were minor hits in the UK. Take That initially worked the same territory as their American counterparts, singing new jack R&B, urban soul, however they worked their way toward Hi-NRG dance music, while also pursuing an adult contemporary ballad direction
27.
FM broadcasting
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FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting using frequency modulation technology. Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, it is used worldwide to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio, FM broadcasting is capable of better sound quality than AM broadcasting, the chief competing radio broadcasting technology, so it is used for most music broadcasts. FM radio stations use the VHF frequencies, the term FM band describes the frequency band in a given country which is dedicated to FM broadcasting. Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion thereof, with few exceptions, In the former Soviet republics, and some former Eastern Bloc countries, assigned frequencies are at intervals of 30 kHz. This band, sometimes referred to as the OIRT band, is slowly being phased out in many countries, in those countries the 87. 5–108.0 MHz band is referred to as the CCIR band. In Japan, the band 76–95 MHz is used, the frequency of an FM broadcast station is usually an exact multiple of 100 kHz. In most of South Korea, the Americas, the Philippines, in some parts of Europe, Greenland and Africa, only even multiples are used. In the UK odd or even are used, in Italy, multiples of 50 kHz are used. There are other unusual and obsolete FM broadcasting standards in countries, including 1,10,30,74,500. Random noise has a triangular spectral distribution in an FM system and this can be offset, to a limited extent, by boosting the high frequencies before transmission and reducing them by a corresponding amount in the receiver. Reducing the high frequencies in the receiver also reduces the high-frequency noise. These processes of boosting and then reducing certain frequencies are known as pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, the amount of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis used is defined by the time constant of a simple RC filter circuit. In most of the world a 50 µs time constant is used, in the Americas and South Korea,75 µs is used. This applies to both mono and stereo transmissions, for stereo, pre-emphasis is applied to the left and right channels before multiplexing. They cannot be pre-emphasized as much because it would cause excessive deviation of the FM carrier, systems more modern than FM broadcasting tend to use either programme-dependent variable pre-emphasis, e. g. dbx in the BTSC TV sound system, or none at all. Long before FM stereo transmission was considered, FM multiplexing of other types of audio level information was experimented with. Edwin Armstrong who invented FM was the first to experiment with multiplexing and these original FM multiplex subcarriers were amplitude modulated
28.
Winter Hill transmitting station
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The Winter Hill transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications site on Winter Hill, at the southern boundary of the Borough of Chorley, and above Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. It is owned and operated by Arqiva, the original mast at Winter Hill was a 140-metre tower that came into service on 3 May 1956, and carried the programmes of Granada ITV and ABC TV. In 1966 services were transferred to a new higher mast erected adjacent to the original tower, the main mast structure is 309.48 metres tall and has a diameter of 2.75 metres. Unlike most masts, which are of a design, Winter Hill mast is of a tubular construction. Five other masts in England share this design, support wires, to hold the mast vertical, are pitched at 120° when viewed from above. These are connected at 5 heights, giving 15 supports in total, during 2007 -2009, the mast was strengthened to allow the installation of the new heavier digital transmission aerials. An advantage of the design is that engineers can ascend the inside the mast and avoid adverse weather. Maintaining the outside of the mast is typically performed using a bosuns chair, the mast has always had a series of red aircraft warning lights but in October 2006 these lights were substantially brightened making the mast far more visible to passing aircraft. These lights can be maintained from the inside, as the swing inwards for maintenance. Eight external platforms encircle the mast along its height and these can be accessed from the inside of the mast, and are used to maintain the supporting wires, and the ILR antennas. The stations coverage includes approximately 6.3 million people, ABC Television lost its franchise in 1968, when Granada Television commenced broadcasting seven days a week. Since the digital switchover, the Welsh transmitters are broadcasting DTT at a higher power and Channel 4. However, because of terrain and rough landscapes of North Wales, in July 2007 it was confirmed by Ofcom that Winter Hill would be remaining a C/D group transmitter after DSO. One of the Winter Hill Multiplexes, broadcasting channels including Film4 and this compares with the other Winter Hill digital multiplexes which have broadcast with 100 kW since 2 December 2009. This significantly affected the Arqiva B multiplex coverage area until the Sutton Coldfield final switchover, apart from North Wales, the coverage area is what is expected, covering a large area of the northwest. More Relay Transmitters appear towards the east in Greater Manchester, Winter Hill is the principal transmitter for the Granada region and in 2009 it became the first in the UK to broadcast digital television in high definition. It now transmits at 100 kW, the power as the other five multiplexes. Only four of the 70 Winter Hill relays broadcast six digital multiplexes, all the others broadcast just the three public service multiplexes BBC A, BBC B and D3&4
29.
City Tower, Manchester
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City Tower is a 30-storey skyscraper situated in the Piccadilly Gardens area of Manchester, England. It is one of the highest office spaces currently available in Manchester and it is currently the fourth tallest building in Manchester. The Tower has retail and leisure units on the floor and is Manchesters main radio transmitting station. The developer Bruntwood sold City Tower to the management company Schroders for £132 million in 2014. The Piccadilly Plaza was remodelled by Leslie Jones Architects in 2001-02, City Tower stands at right angles to Piccadilly and the north-facing wall is covered with designs based on circuit boards. In the remodeling the building to the west of City Tower, the Tower has entrances on York Street and Piccadilly Gardens. Over the years, the Tower became increasingly run down and many tenants left, a refurbishment programme was drawn up in the late 1990s, but this was never realised until Bruntwood purchased Piccadilly Plaza for £65 million in 2004. This plan is complete, with a new ground floor entrance. The next phase involved repainting and fitting an atrium to the sides of the Tower, an advertising screen has been erected showing full motion video clips to passers-by in the Gardens. The penthouse on floor 28 differs from the floors as it originally had a walkway around the perimeter. When Bruntwood acquired City Tower, they removed the walkway and installed wider windows, the redesign included an overhang with floor to ceiling windows. Although City Tower is not the tallest building in the city and this floor was occupied by UKFast but now appears to be at least partly vacant. Architecture of Manchester List of tallest buildings in Manchester City Tower, Manchester at www. skyscrapernews. com BBC Highest office space in Manchester City Tower Official Website
30.
Arqiva
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The company headquarters is located at Crawley Court in the village of Crawley, Hampshire. Its main customers are broadcasters and mobile network operators, and its main asset is a network of over 1,000 radio. It is owned by a consortium of investors led by CPP, Arqiva is a patron of The Radio Academy. Through its NOW Digital subsidiary, it operates various local digital radio ensembles, the company, which has a history that dates back to the beginning of regular public broadcasting in the United Kingdom, was actually only formed in 2005. Below is a history of the various organisations that are now part of Arqiva. The assets were split into a separate company, prior to being sold. The domestic transmitter network was purchased by a US company, Crown Castle, subsequently, in 2004, this was purchased by National Grid plc, which merged in its own private communication network, the name changing to National Grid Wireless in October 2005. This company developed on the back of the growth in mobile phones and this was added to by the purchase of the former BBC network National Grid Wireless, as it became, led a consortium bidding for the second UK national DAB multiplex licence, but was unsuccessful. The licence was awarded instead to 4 Digital Group in July 2007, the Television Act 1954 gave birth to the Independent Television Authority. The ITA appointed and regulated a number of regional programme contractors, the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 created legal commercial radio in the UK for the first time. It was modelled on ITA, in that programmes were made by local contractors while the regulator, renamed the Independent Broadcasting Authority, the Broadcasting Act 1990 split the IBA into three bodies. The Independent Television Commission regulated commercial TV and the Radio Authority regulated commercial radio, at this point, technical standards regulation, previously carried out in accordance with the IBA engineering Code of Practice, seems to have disappeared from the regulatory landscape. Transcom was acquired by International CableTel Inc. which subsequently built its brand around the NTL name and it ran up huge debts during the dot-com boom which crippled the company for many years. In 1998, NTL acquired the UK antenna sites business of Simoco, in 1999 NTL acquired the UK field service operations business of Simoco. In 2004, NTL sold its broadcast unit to Macquarie Communications Infrastructure Group, in January 2005, Macquarie Communications Infrastructure Group renamed its new subsidiary Arqiva. Inmedia was owned by Kingston Communications and known as Kingston inmedia before being bought by the Carlyle Group in 2004. Arqiva announced the signing of a Sale & Purchase Agreement with BT to acquire the full-time service components of BT’s Satellite Broadcast Services business for £25 million in cash in November 2006. The deal will include long-term customer contracts, operations and personnel located in the USA, France, Italy, deal completion is subject to regulatory approval in the UK and Germany
31.
Kerrang Radio
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105.2 is a specialist rock music radio station currently broadcasting to London on DAB and across the United Kingdom on Freeview and various online platforms. It is owned and operated by Bauer Radio and forms part of Bauers National portfolio of radio brands, in 2002, ahead of the advertisement of a new regional FM franchise for the West Midlands, Kerrang. Broadcast a short-term Restricted Service Licence station to the area, transmitting from Birmingham City FCs ground, Radio was also streamed online, and served as a sibling to Kerrang. TV which launched around the time, these stations being connected with the Kerrang. Print magazine in name, ownership and style and this digital jukebox version of Kerrang. was subsequently rolled out to DAB digital radio, beginning with transmission in London from 1 November 2003. Kerrang.2 FM Midlands frequency, and taking the place of the prior digital Kerrang, Radio on DAB, TV platforms and online. This new stations format mixed modern and classic rock with speech content targeted at an adult rock audience. The night shows were very much fuelled by the traditional Kerrang. Magazine sound, with a wider and less mainstream style, playing a mix of punk, Service would continue, with some of the same DJs, as a young-focused rock service on digital platforms. All programming on both stations would come from Bauers London premises, with the Birmingham studios closed, the digital footprint of Kerrang. was largely unchanged, though this was not universal and omitted some areas of the UK. In 2013, the closure of the MXR West Midlands regional DAB multiplex saw Kerrang, among several stations rolled down to the Birmingham-area local multiplex. On 12 December 2014, carriage of Kerrang.4 FM in January 2015, remained available in London by moving to the slot previously home to Absolute Radio 00s. Continues to broadcast nationally via Freeview and online platforms as before, the reduction in Kerrang. s DAB footprint saw the station become unavailable to radio listeners in Birmingham, in the former FM licence area. Official website History of local radio in the Birmingham area
32.
Absolute Radio 70s
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Absolute Radio 70s is a British radio station dedicated to music from the 1970s. Launched by Absolute Radio to complement their decade format radio stations, it first aired on 29 November 2011, the station broadcasts through DAB on the Switch London multiplex in the Greater London area, and is also available online, where it can be accessed using Radioplayer. Two new stations were announced, Absolute Radio 60s and Absolute Radio 70s, initially the 70s station would be available on DAB in London only, but would be accessible nationally and internationally through an online service. A website holding page was opened at absoluteradio70s. co. uk in line with the announcement of the station, which carries station information, the 60s service went on air on 22 November 2011, with Absolute Radio 70s launching a week later on 29 November. Absolute Radio 70s shares the DAB slot currently used by Absolute Radio 00s, however, in spite of its competitor, Absolute 70s continued to style itself as the UKs only 1970s-themed radio station. Smooth 70s subsequently ceased transmission on 6 October 2013, and its frequency was taken over by Capital XTRA. Although a separate entity, Absolute Radio 70s takes an amount of programming from the main Absolute Radio station, chiefly The Christian OConnell Breakfast Show. The station itself was fronted by former Radio 1 presenter Richard Skinner, Absolute 70s plays a broad mix of music from the 1970s, ranging from rock and punk to glam and soul. Artists and groups typically heard on the station include David Bowie, Kate Bush, Elton John, Absolute Radio 70s has been made available more widely through online transmission via Absolutes website and apps, where it appears alongside the other Absolute network stations. Although Absolute Radio 70s is not guide-listed on Freesat, it can be tuned into by Freesat boxes
33.
Gemma Atkinson
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Gemma Louise Atkinson is an English actress and ex-glamour model. Atkinson was born in Bury, Greater Manchester and she took her GCSEs at Castlebrook High School, Bury. Atkinson rose to fame playing Lisa Hunter on the Channel 4 teenage soap opera Hollyoaks, Atkinson and Marcus Patric subsequently appeared in a spin-off series called Hollyoaks, Let Loose for E4, in which their characters started a new life together in Chester. This was followed by Hollyoaks, In the City, also screened on E4, other TV roles included appearing as herself in the pilot for Plus One, part of the pilot series Comedy Showcase in October 2009. In 2009, she appeared as Ria Crossley, the girlfriend of a dealer in The Bill. In film, Atkinson has appeared in the British independent film Boogie Woogie, in May 2011, Atkinson began filming for her part in the BBC medical drama Casualty. In 2015, Atkinson began playing the role of Carly Hope in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale and she appeared in the 2010 horror film called 13Hrs in February 2009 and a UK gangster film called Baseline in March 2009. Atkinson played the role of Hannah in the 2011 romantic comedy film How to Stop Being a Loser, the film also starred Richard E. Grant, Jill Halfpenny and Pamela Anderson. She played the role of Harriett in the 2012 film Airborne, in 2013, she starred in a remake of Night of the Living Dead, released in 3D. Also in 2013, she appeared in The Dyatlov Pass Incident in March 2012 for release in 2013, Atkinson played the role of Rhea Wagner in the 2016 Bollywood film Fever. Atkinson appeared in Peter Pan at the Manchester Opera House in December 2008 and she took the title role alongside John Thomson who played Captain Hook. Atkinson appeared in the West End production of Tim Firths Calendar Girls at the Noël Coward Theatre, Atkinson also went on tour with Calendar Girls, she played Celia aka Miss September in the production. The January to April 2010 tour of Calendar Girls also starred Lynda Bellingham, Judith Barker, Debbie Chazen, Letitia Dean and Jan Harvey. Atkinson played the female role, Belinda in Neil LaButes play This Is How It Goes at the Kings Head Theatre in Islington, London from 7 September to 3 October 2010. Atkinson has appeared as a contestant on reality TV series such as Im a Celebrity. Get Me Out of Here, in January 2007, Atkinson reached the last four stage of ITVs Soapstar Superstar. In 2007, she took part in the BBCs Celebrity MasterChef competition, in November 2007, she appeared in the fifth series of Im a Celebrity. Get Me Out of Here. In January 2008, Atkinson appeared on Celebrity Mastermind, on 15/16 March 2008, Atkinson co-presented the Play. com Live gaming expo at Wembley Stadium with Virgin Radio presenter Iain Lee. Atkinson and her family appeared on All Star Family Fortunes on 20 September 2008, competing against Antony Cotton, the Atkinsons did not win the show, however, Gemma was given £1,000 for her chosen charity
34.
Gethin Jones
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Gethin Clifford Jones is a Welsh television presenter. In 2005, he became the 31st presenter of BBC childrens programme Blue Peter, Jones was born on 12 February 1978 in Cardiff, the son of Sylvia, a violin teacher, and Goronwy Jones, headteacher of Baden Powell Primary School. He has a sister, Mererid. One of his maternal great-grandfathers was a Polish Jewish immigrant, with Welsh as his first language, he attended Ysgol Gynradd Coed-y-Gof and Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf for his primary and secondary school education, respectively. Jones has Grade 8 violin and Grade 6 piano qualifications, and took part in school musicals and school and he took Biology, Geography and Economics at A-Levels. Jones had dual interests throughout school and his mother wanted him to develop his musical talents, while he enjoyed rugby union. While studying Economics and Geography at Manchester Metropolitan University where he gained a 2,2, he was captain of the rugby first team. At the age of 21 in his year, Jones was offered trials by Sale RFC. He eventually set aside his plans for a rugby career. Prior to his career, Jones worked as a bank clerk. He subsequently joined Welsh channel S4C as a presenter of programmes such as Popty, Mas Draw. In 2004, as part of a challenge on the show, he learned how to fly a plane, in 2003, Jones was voted Bachelor of the Year by the readers of Company magazine. On 26 April 2005, Jones became a presenter of the television series. He auditioned on the day as co-presenter Zöe Salmon. During his time, Jones presented the show with Salmon, Konnie Huq, Matt Baker, Liz Barker, learning to race like a jockey, and fighting as a samurai warrior in Japan. In 2006, Jones became the civilian to finish the Royal Marine Commando 30-mile Yomp – he finished in a time of eight hours and 20 minutes. He also played the violin at the Proms with the BBC Philharmonic, the following day, having travelled overnight by coach to the Lake District, they climbed Scafell Pike. They were then to be transported to Scotland by helicopter to climb Ben Nevis and they succeeded in climbing the mountain the next day
35.
Wes Butters
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Wesley Paul Wes Butters, is a radio broadcaster, formerly of BBC Radio 1, and writer. On joining AA Roadwatch he shortened his name to Wes Butters and he left the station in 2000 to move to Newcastle as head of music and mid-morning presenter for Galaxy North East. In February 2003 Butters took over as host of The Radio 1 Chart Show on BBC Radio 1, a change in the shows format led to greater coverage of top-selling albums and an end to the need for every entry in the Top 40 singles chart to be played. He regularly stood in for Scott Mills – first on early breakfast and he also deputised for Chris Moyles on the Radio 1 breakfast show on bank holidays and at Christmas. Working closely with Top of the Pops, he interviewed hundreds of pop stars including Kylie Minogue, Destinys Child, George Michael, in February 2005 Butters left Radio 1 and the chart show underwent further changes to its format. Butters was regularly heard on the BBC World Service as well and he sat in for Steve Wright on Wright Round the World and was used as their voice for Live 8. Soon after his final chart rundown on 30 January 2005 the press announced the launch of podshows. com and it was the worlds first professional podcasting company, using presenters such as Tony Blackburn, Paul Gambaccini, Gary Davies and Terry Christian to record tailor-made programmes for MP3 players. In May 2007 he was voted North West England Presenter of the Year in the industry magazine X-Trax. It was announced in June 2007 that Wes had had enough of early starts, keen to keep him on the station he agreed with Galaxy to do a short afternoon show but in April 2008 he revealed that he would leave the group completely. At the end of July 2008 Wes enjoyed another stint on breakfast, manager Simon Jordan invited Wes to join BBC Radio 7 in May 2009 as one of the stations continuity announcers. He remained after its revamp to BBC Radio 4 Extra, where he continues to introduce a range of comedy, in October 2011, Butters was announced as BBC Radio Leeds new mid-morning presenter. His programme, which contained phone ins, real-life stories, consumer issues and political interviews, Butters left in October 2014, referring in a statement to Kenny Everett who famously abandoned parties as they were just getting going. In 2016, Butters signed to host a network show for Bauer City 1 broadcasting on Key 103, CFM, Free Radio, Hallam FM, Metro Radio, Radio Aire, Radio City, Rock FM, TFM. As a voice-over, he has heard on An Audience with Take That, An Audience with Lionel Ritchie and The Brit Awards, as well as the Top of the Pops rundown. Butters has written for a number of newspapers, while his debut book, published by HarperCollins, Kenneth Williams Unseen was selected by Roger Lewis as one of the Daily Express Books of the Year. He also wrote the acclaimed two-part documentary The Pain of Laughter – The Last Days of Kenneth Williams for BBC Radio 4, broadcast in April 2008, which is available on his website. On its release in May 2010, his book, Whatshisname, The Life. While presenting Radio 1s early breakfast show in November 2004, Butters played a track he had produced with Daryl Denham that mixed the infamous Crazy Frog ringtone with a dance beat
