The Hockney–Falco thesis is a controversial theory of art history that argues that advances in naturalism and accuracy in Western art since the early Renaissance were due primarily to optical aids suc
Illustration of a "portable" camera obscura studio in Kircher's Ars Magna Lucis Et Umbrae (1645). According to the Hockney–Falco thesis, such optical aids were central to much of the great art from the Renaissance period to the dawn of modern art.
Detail from Husband and Wife by Lorenzo Lotto (1523): Hockney realized that the rug pattern goes out of focus in the painting, something that would only happen when using a lens.
Detail of the chandelier and mirror from Jan van Eyck's 1434 Arnolfini Portrait, one of Hockney's key examples
Jean Siméon Chardin's "La Pourvoyeuse" (1738) seems to have a very long arm with two elbows, possibly from piecing together consecutive projections of different parts of the figure
Tim's Vermeer is a 2013 documentary film, directed by Teller, produced by his stage partner Penn Jillette and Farley Ziegler, about inventor Tim Jenison's efforts to duplicate the painting techniques
Hockney–Falco thesis
…scientific knowledge of optics (presumably through works like those of Euclid, Ptolemy and especially Ibn al-Haytham) rather than the use of optical aids. Tim's Vermeer, a 2013 documentary film showing Tim Jenison's hypothesis: Vermeer might have created his paintings aided by an optical device, as Jenison demonstrates…
The Music Lesson by Johannes Vermeer