Hoffmann kiln
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The Hoffmann kiln is a series of batch process kilns. Hoffmann kilns are the most common kiln used in production of bricks and some other ceramic products. Patented by German Friedrich Hoffmann for br
Lime kiln, Willy Spahn Park in Hannover
Lime kiln and chimney at Llanymynech Heritage Area, Shropshire photo: John M, geograph.org.uk
Cross-section of ring oven, Friedrich Eduard Hoffmann's patent, 1858
Hoffmann ring oven in Mildenberg museum
Countercurrent exchange
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Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other, in which there is a transfer of some property, usually heat or some chemical. The flowin
Hoffmann kiln
…As the gases pass through the kiln circuit, they gradually cool as they transfer heat to the brick as it is preheated and dried. This is essentially a counter-current heat exchanger, which makes for a very efficient use of heat and fuel. This efficiency is a principal advantage of the Hoffmann kiln, and is one of the reasons for…
Rete mirabile = RM
Counter current multiplication loop diagram
The arterial and deep vein blood supply to the human arm. The superficial (subcutaneous) veins are not shown. The deep veins are wrapped around the arteries, and the consequent counter-current flow allows the hand to be cooled down considerably without loss of body heat, which is short-circuited by the counter current flow.
Hardendale Lime Works in the UK using countercurrent kilns to reach high temperatures