1.
Roseanne Barr
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Roseanne Cherrie Barr is an American actress, comedian, writer, and television producer. She was also the 2012 presidential nominee of the California-based Peace, Barr began her career in stand-up comedy at clubs before gaining fame for her role in the television sitcom Roseanne. The show ran for nine seasons, from 1988 to 1997 and she won both an Emmy and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her work on the show. In 1974, she married Bill Pentland, with whom she had three children, before divorcing in 1990 and marrying comedian Tom Arnold for four years. Controversy arose when she sang The Star-Spangled Banner off-key at a 1990 nationally aired baseball game, followed by grabbing her crotch, after her sitcom ended, she launched her own talk show, The Roseanne Show, which aired from 1998 to 2000. In 2005, she returned to comedy with a world tour. In 2011, she starred in an unscripted TV show, Roseannes Nuts, in early 2012, Barr announced her candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Green Party. Barr lost the nomination to Jill Stein and she then sought the presidential nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party, which she won on August 4,2012. Barr received 61,971 votes in the election, placing sixth overall. Barr was born in Salt Lake City, to a working-class Jewish family and she is the oldest of four children born to Helen, a bookkeeper and cashier, and Jerome Hershel Jerry Barr, who worked as a salesman. Her fathers family were Jewish immigrants from Russia, and her grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Austria-Hungary and Lithuania. Her paternal grandfather changed his surname from Borisofsky to Barr upon entering the United States and her Jewish upbringing was influenced by her devoutly Orthodox Jewish maternal grandmother. Barrs parents kept their Jewish heritage secret from their neighbors and were involved in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Barr has stated, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday morning I was a Jew, Sunday afternoon, Tuesday afternoon, when Barr was three years old, she got Bells palsy on the left side of her face. Barr said, my mother called in a rabbi to pray for me, then my mother got a Mormon preacher, he prayed, and I was miraculously cured. Years later Barr learned that Bells palsy was usually temporary and that the Mormon preacher came exactly at the right time, at six years old, Barr discovered her first public stage by lecturing at LDS churches around Utah and even was elected president of a Mormon youth group. At 16, Barr was hit by a car that left her with a brain injury. Her behavior changed so radically that she was institutionalized for eight months at Utah State Hospital, while institutionalized she had a baby, which she gave up for adoption
2.
Judi Dench
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Dame Judith Olivia Dench CH DBE FRSA, known as Judi Dench, is an English actress and author. Dench made her debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company. Over the following few years she performed in several of Shakespeares plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet, Juliet in Romeo and Juliet and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth. Although most of her work during this period was in theatre, she branched into film work. She drew strong reviews for her role in the musical Cabaret in 1968. Over the next two decades, Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers, working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company. She achieved success in television during this period, in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 and she has also received the BAFTA Fellowship and the Special Olivier Award. In June 2011, she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute, Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. Dench was born in Heworth, North Riding of Yorkshire and her mother, Eleanora Olive, was born in Dublin, Ireland. Her father, Reginald Arthur Dench, a doctor, was born in Dorset, England, and later moved to Dublin and he met Denchs mother while he was studying medicine at Trinity College, Dublin. Dench attended The Mount School, a Quaker independent secondary school in York and her brothers, one of whom was actor Jeffery Dench, were born in Tyldesley, Lancashire. Her niece, Emma Dench, is a Roman historian and professor previously at Birkbeck, University of London, and currently at Harvard University. In Britain, Dench has developed a reputation as one of the greatest actresses of the period, primarily through her work in theatre. She has more than once been named one in polls for Britains best actor. Through her parents, Dench had regular contact with the theatre and her father, a physician, was also the GP for the York theatre, and her mother was its wardrobe mistress. Actors often stayed in the Dench household, during these years, Judi Dench was involved on a non-professional basis in the first three productions of the modern revival of the York Mystery Plays in the 1950s. In 1957, in one of the last productions in which she appeared during this period, she played the role of the Virgin Mary, performed on a fixed stage in the Museum Gardens. Though she initially trained as a set designer, she became interested in school as her brother Jeff attended the Central School of Speech
3.
Jennifer Tilly
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Jennifer Ellen Tilly is a Canadian-American actress and poker player. She is a World Series of Poker Ladies Event bracelet winner and she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Olive Neal in the film Bullets over Broadway. Her other film roles include Let It Ride Made in America, Bound, Liar Liar and she has done extensive voice-over work including Celia in Monsters, Inc. She is the sister of actress Meg Tilly. Tilly was born Jennifer Ellen Chan in Harbor City, Los Angeles and she is the first child of Harry Chan, a used car salesman, and Patricia, a Canadian schoolteacher and former stage actress. Her father was of Chinese descent and her mother was of Irish, First Nations and she has an older brother, Steve, and two younger sisters, Meg and Rebecca. Following her parents divorce when she was five, Tilly was raised by her mother and stepfather, John Ward, on rural Texada Island and her mother divorced again when Tilly was 16, and moved to Victoria, where Tilly attended Belmont High School. Tilly holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Theater from Stephens College in Missouri, in 1983, Tilly had small roles and had a recurring guest role on Hill Street Blues as Gina Srignoli, a mobsters widow who becomes romantically involved with detective Henry Goldblume. She played Frasier Cranes seductive-but-ditzy date Candi Pearson on an episode of the season of Cheers. She appeared as Garrys girlfriend on Its Garry Shandlings Show, which aired on Showtime and she was also cast as a high-end prostitute on the short-lived comedy Key West, alongside Fisher Stevens. In 1989, she had a prominent role in the comedy Let It Ride, Tillys breakthrough film role was as a singing waitress in The Fabulous Baker Boys in a role that was written specially for her by Steve Kloves. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as a bad actress in Woody Allens Bullets over Broadway. In 1994, she also had a role in The Getaway with Alec Baldwin. Tilly starred in Bound, directed by The Wachowskis, which portrays a relationship her character has with Gina Gershon. She played Samantha Cole in the Jim Carrey comedy Liar Liar, in Dancing at the Blue Iguana, she played a stripper and part-time dominatrix. She portrayed gossip columnist Louella Parsons in the Peter Bogdanovich film The Cats Meow and she gained some additional popularity in recent years for her portrayal of serial killer Tiffany Ray for three of the six Childs Play films. The character was first introduced in the installment of the franchise, Bride of Chucky and subsequently appeared in Seed of Chucky. In Seed of Chucky, however, she plays a role providing the voice for Tiffany
4.
Cuba Gooding Jr.
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Cuba Gooding Jr. is an American actor. For his portrayal of O. J. Simpson in the FX drama series The People v. O. J. Simpson, American Crime Story and he co-starred in the sixth season of the FX anthology series American Horror Story, subtitled Roanoke. His other films include As Good as It Gets, American Gangster, Lee Daniels The Butler, Gooding was born on January 2,1968 in The Bronx, New York City. His mother, Shirley, is a singer with the Sweethearts, Gooding has three siblings, April, Omar, and Tommy. His paternal grandfather, Dudley MacDonald Gooding, was a native of Barbados and his family moved to Los Angeles in 1972 after his fathers music group had their hit single Everybody Plays the Fool, two years later, the elder Gooding left the family. He served as president in three of them. He became a born-again Christian at age 13, in 1994, Gooding married his high school sweetheart, Sara Kapfer, with whom he has three children. In 2014, Kapfer filed for separation from Gooding. Gooding filed for divorce in January 2017, goodings first job as an entertainer was as a breakdancer performing with singer Lionel Richie at the closing ceremonies of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. After high school, Gooding studied Japanese martial arts for three years, before turning his focus toward acting, early on, he landed guest starring roles on shows like Hill Street Blues, Amen and MacGyver and also had a tiny part in the popular comedy Coming to America. Goodings first major role was in John Singletons inner-city crime drama Boyz n the Hood, in which he played the lead, a box office surprise and critical hit, the film is now considered a modern classic. He followed this success with supporting roles in films such as A Few Good Men, Judgment Night, Lightning Jack. Most significantly, it earned Gooding an Oscar for Best Supporting Actor and his exuberant Show me the money. Line in the film became a catch phrase. Additionally, his Oscar acceptance speech has often cited for its enthusiasm. Additionally, though not well received critically, the family comedy Snow Dogs was a commercial success, other roles of note during this time include Theo Caulder in the psychological thriller Instinct and the voice of Buck in the Disney animated film Home on the Range. On top of this, Gooding had allegedly turned down roles in films such as Amistad in the aftermath of his Oscar win. Ultimately, neither his earlier successes nor his leading roles in a couple of independent films
5.
Randy Quaid
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Randy Randall Rudy Quaid is an American actor. He has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award, BAFTA Award, Quaid also won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Emmy Award for his portrayal of U. S. President Lyndon Johnson in LBJ, The Early Years. He also received Emmy nominations for his roles in A Streetcar Named Desire, Quaid is also well known for his roles in the National Lampoons Vacation movies, Brokeback Mountain, Independence Day and Kingpin. Quaid was born in Houston, Texas, the son of Juanita Bonniedale Nita, an estate agent, and William Rudy Quaid. He is the brother of actor Dennis Quaid. Quaid has English, Scots-Irish, and Cajun ancestry, through his father, Quaid is a first cousin, twice removed, of cowboy performer Gene Autry. Randy Quaid grew up in Bellaire, Texas, a city surrounded by Houston. Randy Quaid has appeared in over 90 films, Peter Bogdanovich discovered him when Quaid was a student at the University of Houston, and he received his first exposure in Bogdanovichs The Last Picture Show. His character escorts Jacy Farrow to a late-night indoor skinny-dip at a swimming pool and it was the first of several roles directed by Bogdanovich and/or based on the writings of Larry McMurtry. Other Peter Bogdanovich films he appeared in are Whats Up, Doc. Quaids first major critically acclaimed role was in The Last Detail. He played Larry Meadows, a young United States Navy sailor on his way to serve a sentence for stealing $40 from an admirals wifes pet charity. Jack Nicholson played the role as a sailor assigned to transport him to prison. Nicholsons character eventually becomes his friend and mentor, helping him experience different aspects of life before he goes behind bars, in 1976, he played the role of Little Tod opposite Marlon Brando in The Missouri Breaks. Quaid had a role in the 1978 feature Midnight Express, playing Jimmy Booth. Quaid acted opposite Charles Bronson in the 1975 action film of a Mexican prison escape Breakout, Quaid was also the lead in the comedy Martians Go Home and Cold Dog Soup and played the King of Spain in Goyas Ghosts. He previously starred in Quick Change with Bill Murray in 1990, Quaid also appeared in three of the five films in the National Lampoons Vacation film series as Cousin Eddie, jovial redneck relative to Beverly DAngelo, wife of Chevy Chases Clark Griswold. Quaid had a supporting role in Brokeback Mountain as an insensitive rancher. Quaid starred in Real Time, an independent film that opened Slamdance Film Festival in 2008, for unspecified reasons, he was not asked to reprised to his role in the 2015 film simply titled Vacation but his character is briefly mentioned
6.
Steve Buscemi
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Steven Vincent Steve Buscemi is an American actor and film director. He is also known for his appearances in films by the Coen brothers, Millers Crossing, Barton Fink, The Hudsucker Proxy, Fargo. Buscemi provides the voice of Randall Boggs in the Monsters, Inc. franchise and he made his directorial debut in 1996, with Trees Lounge, in which he also starred. Other works include Animal Factory, Lonesome Jim and Interview and he has also directed numerous episodes of TV shows, including Homicide, Life on the Street, The Sopranos, Oz,30 Rock, and Nurse Jackie. He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning AOL On comedy talk-show Park Bench, Buscemi was born in Brooklyn, New York, to John Buscemi, a sanitation worker and Korean War veteran, and Dorothy, who worked as a host at Howard Johnsons. Buscemis father was of Italian descent, his ancestors were from the town of Menfi in Sicily, Buscemis mother was of Irish, English, and Dutch ancestry. He has three brothers, Jon, Ken, and Michael and he graduated in 1975 from Valley Stream Central High School in Nassau County, New York, a school which he attended with actress Patricia Charbonneau. In high school, Buscemi wrestled for the varsity squad and participated in the drama troupe, Buscemis 1996 film Trees Lounge, in which he starred and served as screenwriter and director, is set in and was largely shot in his childhood village of Valley Stream. Buscemi briefly attended Nassau Community College before moving to Manhattan to enroll in the Lee Strasberg Institute, in 1980, Buscemi became a firefighter in New York City, after taking a civil service test in 1976 when he was 18. For four years, Buscemi served on FDNYs Engine Co.55 in Manhattans Little Italy, after 9/11, Buscemi returned to Engine 55 and for several days worked 12-hour shifts alongside other firefighters to sift through the rubble from the World Trade Center. In 2003, he gave a speech supporting higher wages for firefighters at a union rally, in 2014, he was appointed as an Honorary Battalion Chief of the FDNY. His film debut was the 1985 No Wave Cinema film The Way it Is, other early films include Parting Glances in 1986, Slaves of New York in 1988, and Tales from the Darkside, a 1990 film with three segments. Buscemi starred in the first segment, playing Bellingham, a student who orders a mummy and unleashes it on fellow college students played by Christian Slater. In 1990, Buscemi had a couple of additional crime roles and he played the henchman of Laurence Fishburne named Test Tube in Abel Ferraras King of New York. He also played Mink in the Coen Brothers Millers Crossing, although he had to audition twice for this role, it marked the first of five of the Coen Brothers films in which Buscemi appeared. In 1991, he played the bellboy, Chet, in the Coen Brothers film and his first lead role was in 1992, when he played Adolpho Rollo in Alexandre Rockwells In the Soup. Then he came to attention for playing Mr. Pink in Quentin Tarantinos 1992 film, Reservoir Dogs. He also appeared in Tarantinos next film, Pulp Fiction, in which he acts as a waiter at the 1950s themed restaurant which Mrs. Mia Wallace and Vincent Vega attend
7.
Alan Menken
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Alan Irwin Menken is an American musical theatre and film score composer and pianist. Menken is best known for his scores for films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and his scores for The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and Pocahontas have each won him two Academy Awards. He also composed the scores for Little Shop of Horrors, Newsies, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Hercules, Enchanted, Tangled and Sausage Party and he is also known for his work on musical theatre works for Broadway and elsewhere. Some of these are based on his Disney films, but other stage hits include Little Shop of Horrors, A Christmas Carol, Menken has collaborated with such lyricists as Howard Ashman, Tim Rice, Glenn Slater, Stephen Schwartz and David Zippel. With eight Academy Award wins, Menken is the second most prolific Oscar winner in the music categories after Alfred Newman and he has also won eleven Grammy Awards, a Tony Award and other honors. Alan Irwin Menken was born on July 22,1949, at French Hospital in New York City, to Judith and his father was a boogie-woogie piano-playing dentist, and his mother was an actress, dancer and playwright. Menken developed an interest in music at an age, taking piano. He began to compose at an early age, at age 9, at the New York Federation of Music Clubs Junior Composers Contest, his original composition Bouree was rated Superior and Excellent by the judges. He attended New Rochelle High School in New Rochelle, New York, Menken remembers, Id make up my own Bach fugues and Beethoven sonatas because I was bored with the piano and I didnt want to practice, so Id go off on tangents. He then enrolled at New York University and he graduated with a degree in Musicology in 1971 from the universitys Steinhardt School. Menken recalled, First, I was pre-med, I thought Id be a dentist like my Dad. Finally, I got a degree in music, but I didnt care about musicology and it wasnt until I joined BMI Workshop. Under Lehman Engel, and walked into a room with other composers that I knew this was it, Menken noted that Before college, I was writing songs to further my dream of being the next Bob Dylan. A lot of guitar songs – I was composing on piano before that, after college, he attended the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theater Workshop. After graduating, Menkens plan was to either a rock star or a recording artist. His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Musical Theatre Workshop and was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House, Conversations with Pierre, Harry the Rat and he performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps. In 1976, John Wilson reported for The New York Times that members of Engels BMI Workshop began performing as part of the Broadway at the Ballroom series, featured Maury Yeston and Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment and singing songs they have written for potential musicals
8.
Walt Disney Pictures
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Walt Disney Pictures, Inc. is an American film production company and a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, owned by The Walt Disney Company. The subsidiary is based at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California and it took on its current name in 1983. Today, in conjunction with the units of Walt Disney Studios. Animated films such as those by Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios are released under this brand. Pirates of the Caribbean series is the corporations most successful franchise, the studios predecessor was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, by filmmaker Walt Disney and his business partner and brother, Roy, in 1923. The creation of Mickey Mouse and subsequent short films and merchandise generated revenue for the studio which was renamed as The Walt Disney Studio at the Hyperion Studio in 1926, in 1929, it was renamed again to Walt Disney Productions. With the profits from Snow White, Walt relocated to a studio in Burbank. In the 1940s, Disney began experimenting with full-length live-action films, with the introduction of hybrid live action-animated films such as The Reluctant Dragon and Song of the South. By 1953, the company ended their agreements with such third-party distributors as RKO Radio Pictures and United Artists and formed their own distribution company, Buena Vista Distribution. The Walt Disney Productions in April 1983 incorporated its film division as Walt Disney Pictures, Inc. Touchstone Films banner was used by then new Disney CEO Michael Eisner in the 1984–85 television season with the short lived western, Wildside. The next TV season, Touchstone produced a hit with The Golden Girls, David Hoberman was promoted to president of production, Walt Disney Pictures in April 1988. In April 1994, Hoberman was promoted to president of motion pictures at Walt Disney Studios and was replaced as Disney President by David Vogel. Vogel added the position of Hollywood Pictures in 1997, then was promoted in 1998 to head up all live action motion picture units as president of Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group, Pirates of the Caribbean launched a film series and made the ride into a franchise. After four Pirates sequels, the franchise took in more than $5.4 billion worldwide, so, the corporation was looking for addition of the ride adaptations. In 2010, Disney released Alice in Wonderland, an adaptation of the 1951 animated film of the name that became the second $1 billion-grossing film in the studios history. The film began a trend of fantasy genre films being green-lit. With sister units Marvel Studios and Lucasfilm successfully targeting the male market, with the success of Maleficent and Cinderella, the studio announced a whole series of live-action adaptations of animated films as being in early stages. The Jungle Book cemented this trend with a global near billion-dollar box office, some adaptations are sequels to existing adaptations, origin stories and prequels
9.
Walt Disney Animation Studios
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Founded on October 16,1923, it is a division of The Walt Disney Studios. The studio has produced 56 feature films, from Snow White and it was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in 1923 and incorporated as Walt Disney Productions in 1929. The studio was dedicated to producing short films until it expanded into feature production in 1934. In 1983, Walt Disney Productions named its film studio Walt Disney Pictures. In 2006, Walt Disney Feature Animation took on its current name, the studio also pioneered the art of storyboarding, which is now a standard technique used in both animated and live-action filmmaking. Walt Disney Animation Studios continues to produce films using both traditional animation and computer-generated imagery, at the present, Andrew Millstein is the general manager of the studio for day-to-day business affairs, under the direction of Edwin Catmull and John Lasseter who also oversee Pixar. Kansas City, Missouri, natives Walt Disney and Roy O, in February 1924, the studio moved next door to office space of its own at 4649 Kingswell Avenue. Disney refused, and as Universal owned the rights to Oswald rather than Disney, most of Disneys staff was hired away by Mintz to move over, once Disneys Oswald contract was done in mid-1928. The first two Mickey Mouse cartoons, Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho, were previewed in limited engagements during the summer of 1928, the Mickey Mouse series of sound cartoons, distributed by Powers through Celebrity Productions, quickly became the most popular cartoon series in the United States. A second Disney series of cartoons, the Silly Symphonies. Powers in return signed away Ub Iwerks, who began producing cartoons at his own studio, columbia distributed Disneys shorts for two years before the Disney studio entered a new distribution deal with United Artists in 1932. The result was the Silly Symphony Flowers and Trees, the first film released in full Technicolor. Flowers and Trees was a success, and all Silly Symphonies were subsequently produced in Technicolor. In 1934, Walt Disney gathered several key members and announced his plans to make his first feature animated film. In the course of teaching the classes, Graham and the created or formalized many of the techniques and processes that became the key tenets. During the production of Snow White, work had continued on the Mickey Mouse, Mickey Mouse switched to Technicolor in 1935, by which time the series had added several major supporting characters, among them Mickeys dog Pluto and their friends Donald Duck and Goofy. Donald, Goofy, and Pluto would all be appearing in series of their own by 1940, the Silly Symphonies, which garnered seven Academy Awards, ended in 1939. The success of Snow White allowed Disney to build a new, larger studio on Buena Vista Street in Burbank, Walt Disney Productions had its initial public offering on April 2,1940, with Walt Disney as president and chairman and Roy Disney as CEO
10.
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
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Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is an American film distributor owned by The Walt Disney Company. The division took on its current name in late 2007, which before that had been Buena Vista Pictures Distribution since 1987, before 1953, Walt Disneys productions were distributed by Columbia Pictures, United Artists and RKO Radio Pictures. The name Buena Vista came from the street in Burbank, California, Buena Vistas first release was the Academy Award–winning live-action feature The Living Desert on November 10,1953 along with Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, Buena Vistas first animated release. Notable subsequent releases include the film, Yang Kwei Fei, released in US theaters in September 1956, The Missouri Traveler in March 1958. In April 1960, the company dropped Film from its name, in 1961, Disney incorporated Buena Vista International, distributing its first PG rated film, Take Down, in January 1979. The low-budget movie was not produced by the Disney studios and was acquired from an independent studio, in July 1987, Buena Vista changed its name to Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc. Late in the 1980s, Disney purchased a stake in one of Pacific Theatres chain leading to Disneys Buena Vista Theaters and Pacific to renovate the El Capitan Theatre. The Crest was finished first while El Capitan opened with the premiere of The Rocketeer film on June 19,1991, the corporation purchased a 12. 8% share in Cinergi with its initial public offering in 1994. Soon, BVPD signed a 25 picture distribution deal with Cinergi, the Gaumont Film Company and Walt Disney formed Gaumont Buena Vista International, their joint venture French distribution company, in 1993. In August 1996, Disney and Tokuma Shoten Publishing agreed that Disney would distribute internationally Studio Ghibli animated films, in September 1996, following Disneys acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc. was merged into ABC, Inc. the parent company of that group. In July 1998, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution purchased the Hollywood Masonic Temple building to continue using it as a promotional venue, by 1997, BVPDs share in Cinergi dropped to 5%.4 million and other loans. In 2002, Disney signed a four animated film deal with Vanguard Animation, however, since 2004, BVI and Gaumont dissolved their French distribution joint venture, Gaumont Buena Vista International. Buena Vista International agreed to a deal with MegaStar Joint Venture Company Limited in April 2006 for the Vietnam market. In April 2007, Disney discontinued using the Buena Vista brand in its distribution branding, the distribution deal ended in 2016, after DreamWorks and Disney decided to not renew their agreement in December 2015, with Universal replacing Disney as DreamWorks distributor. By the end of the deal, Disney had distributed 14 of DreamWorks original 30-picture agreement, Disney took complete ownership of the DreamWorks II film library in exchange for loans made to that company. In addition, Disney is the first of three studios that have released at least two billion-dollar films in the same year. Furthermore, Disney is the studio that has achieved this four times, in 2010,2013,2015, and 2016—that latter year of which included four $1 billion releases. Four of the top five highest-grossing animated films have been released by Disney, in addition, four of the top-five opening weekends were Disney releases
11.
Western (genre)
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Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, mounted cavalry, settlers, Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a. mythic vision of the plains, specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Many Westerns use a plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution. The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 20th century to the 1960s, Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Fords landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1939, Westerns were very popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon, Shane, The Searchers, the Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–frontier justice–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, a showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns. In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress, similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West, it is the place to go for music, women, gambling, drinking, brawling and shooting. The American Film Institute defines western films as those set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, the term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1912 article in Motion Picture World Magazine. Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 19th century popular Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became an art form. Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds, Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era. With the advent of sound in 1927-28, the major Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns, leaving the genre to smaller studios and these smaller organizations churned out countless low-budget features and serials in the 1930s. Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns
12.
The Princess and the Frog
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The Princess and the Frog is a 2009 American animated musical romantic fantasy comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 49th Disney animated feature film, the film is based on the novel The Frog Princess by E. D. Baker. Set in 1920s New Orleans, Louisiana, the tells the story of a hardworking waitress named Tiana who dreams of owning her own restaurant. After kissing a prince who has turned into a frog by an evil witch doctor, Tiana becomes a frog herself. The Princess and the Frog began production under the working title The Frog Princess and it marked Disneys return to traditional animation, as it was the studios first traditionally animated film since Home on the Range. Co-directors Ron Clements and John Musker, directors of Disneys highly successful films The Little Mermaid and Aladdin, returned to Disney to direct The Princess, cars, and the Toy Story trilogy. The film also marked the return of Disney animated musical films based on well-known stories since the Disney Renaissance, the Princess and the Frog opened in limited release in New York and Los Angeles on November 25,2009, and in wide release on December 11,2009. The film was successful at the box-office, ranking first place on its opening weekend in North America and it received three Academy Award nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards, one for Best Animated Feature and two for its achievement in music. It lost to Up and Crazy Heart, respectively, in 1912 New Orleans, a seamstress, Eudora, is reading the story of The Frog Prince to her daughter, Tiana, and her friend, Charlotte La Bouff. Charlotte finds the story to be romantic, while Tiana proclaims she will never kiss a frog, Prince Naveen of Maldonia arrives in New Orleans to better his financial situation. After being cut off by his parents, Naveen intends to marry a rich southern belle, Eli Big Daddy La Bouff, a rich sugar baron and Charlottes father, is hosting a masquerade ball in Naveens honor. Charlotte hires Tiana to make beignets for the ball, giving her money to buy an old sugar mill to convert into her restaurant. Meanwhile, Naveen and his valet, Lawrence, encounter voodoo witch doctor Dr. Facilier, Facilier intends for Lawrence to marry Charlotte, after which he will kill Big Daddy and claim his fortune. At the ball, Tiana discovers she may lose the mill to a higher bidder, Tiana then meets Naveen, who, believing her to be a princess because of her costume, asks her to kiss him and break Faciliers spell. In exchange for the money needed, Tiana accepts, but when she kisses Naveen, a chase ensues, and Tiana and Naveen escape to a bayou. At the bayou, Tiana and Naveen meet Louis, an alligator who longs to be human, and Ray. Louis and Ray offer to lead Tiana and Naveen to the hoodoo priestess Mama Odie, during this time, Tiana and Naveen develop feelings for each other. Meanwhile, Facilier makes a deal with the spirits, offering them the souls of the people of New Orleans in exchange for finding Naveen
13.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
14.
Home on the Range
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Home on the Range is a classic western folk song, sometimes called the unofficial anthem of the American West. The lyrics were written by Dr. Brewster M. Higley of Smith County, Kansas in a poem entitled My Western Home in the early 1840s to 1927. In 1947, it became the song of the U. S. state of Kansas. In 2010, members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time, the poem was first published in a December 1840s to 1927 issue of the Smith County Pioneer under the title My Western Home. The music was written by Daniel E. Kelley, a carpenter. Higleys original words are similar to those of the version of the song, but not identical. The song was adopted by ranchers, cowboys, and other western settlers. During the early 20th century, it was arranged by Texas composer David W. Guion, the song has since gone by a number of names, the most common being Home on the Range and Western Home. It was officially adopted as the song of Kansas on June 30,1947. The antelope referred to in the song is not a true species, but rather the American pronghorn. The most popular version of the song was the version by Bing Crosby in 1933 which appeared in the charts of the day. This turned a little-known saddle song into a most renowned western hymn, the origin of Home on the Range was obscure and widely debated at the time. It was published in 1910, in Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads by John Lomax who said he learned it from a black saloonkeeper in Texas, in 1925 a sheet-music arrangement found some popularity and in 1927 Vernon Dalhart recorded it for Brunswick Records. Californias radio cowboys picked it up from him, and in 1930 Hollywoods first crooning western star, Ken Maynard, however, it was not until the Crosby version that the song was seen as a national anthem for the west. Its popularity led to a suit that created a search for its background. Giddins praises Crosbys subtle embellishments which enhance the melody, president Franklin D. Roosevelt acknowledged Home on the Range as his favorite song. Bing Crosby recorded the song again in 1938 and 1939, frank Sinatra also recorded the song on March 10,1946, his version was released in Great Britain and was not available in the United States until 1993. Others who have recorded the song include Connie Francis, Gene Autry, Burl Ives, Pete Seeger, Johnnie Ray, Slim Whitman, Home on the Range is often performed in programs and concerts of American patriotic music, and is frequently used in plays and films
15.
Dairy cattle
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Dairy cattle are cattle cows bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made. Dairy cows generally are of the species Bos taurus, historically, there was little distinction between dairy cattle and beef cattle, with the same stock often being used for both meat and milk production. Today, the industry is more specialized and most dairy cattle have been bred to produce large volumes of milk. Dairy cows may be either in herds or dairy farms where dairy farmers own, manage, care for. Herd sizes vary around the world depending on landholding culture and social structure, the United States has 9 million cows in 75,000 dairy herds, with an average herd size of 120 cows. The number of herds is falling rapidly with the 3,100 herds with over 500 cows producing 51% of U. S. milk in 2007. The United Kingdom dairy herd overall has nearly 1.5 million cows, in New Zealand, the average herd has more than 375 cows, while in Australia, there are approximately 220 cows in the average herd. To maintain lactation, a dairy cow must be bred and produce calves, depending on market conditions, the cow may be bred with a dairy bull or a beef bull. Female calves with dairy breeding may be kept as replacement cows for the dairy herd, if a replacement cow turns out to be a substandard producer of milk, she then goes to market and can be slaughtered for beef. Male calves can either be used later as a bull or sold. Dairy farmers usually begin breeding or artificially inseminating heifers around 13 months of age, a cows gestation period is approximately nine months. Newborn calves are removed from their mothers quickly, usually three days, as the mother/calf bond intensifies over time and delayed separation can cause extreme stress on both cow and calf. Domestic cows can live to 20 years, however, those raised for dairy rarely live long, as the average cow is removed from the dairy herd around age four. In 2014, approximately 9. 5% of the slaughtered in the U. S. were culled dairy cows, cows that can no longer be seen as an economic asset to the dairy farm. These animals may be due to reproductive problems or common diseases of milk cows such as mastitis. Market calves are sold at two weeks of age and bull calves may fetch a premium over heifers due to their size. Calves may be sold for veal, or for one of several types of production, depending on available local crops. Such bull calves may be castrated if turnout onto pastures is envisaged, Purebred bulls from elite cows may be put into progeny testing schemes to find out whether they might become superior sires for breeding
16.
Bounty (reward)
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A bounty is a payment or reward often offered by a group as an incentive for the accomplishment of a task by someone usually not associated with the group. Bounties are most commonly issued for the capture or retrieval of a person or object and they are typically in the form of money. By definition bounties can be retracted at any time by whomever issued them, two modern examples of bounties are the bounty placed for the capture of Saddam Hussein and his sons by the United States government and Microsofts bounty for computer virus creators. Those who make a living by pursuing bounties are known as bounty hunters, a bounty system was used in the American Civil War. It was an incentive to increase enlistments, another bounty system was used in New South Wales to increase the number of immigrants from 1832. Bounties were sometimes paid as rewards for killing Native Americans, in 1862, a farmer received a $500 bounty for shooting Taoyateduta. In 1856 Governor Isaac Stevens put a bounty on the head of Indians from Eastern Washington, $20 for ordinary Indians and $80 for a chief. In Australia in 1824, a bounty of 500 acres of land was offered for capturing alive the Wiradjuri warrior Windradyne, a week after the bounty being offered the word alive was dropped from the reward notices, however he was neither captured nor betrayed by his people. Bounties have been offered on animals deemed undesirable by particular governments or corporations, in Tasmania, the thylacine was relentlessly hunted to extinction based on such schemes. Gray wolves too were extirpated from much of the present United States by bounty hunters, since after the Restoration criminality was increasing, the dissatisfaction with the penal system led to the implementation of the rewards. £10 were promised to anyone who gave information about a robber or burglar, between 1660 and 1692 Parliament introduced a series of statutes that offered rewards up to £40. Under William III the rewards became an element in the fight against crime. As it was written in the legislation of 1692, when a statutory reward overlapped a proclamation, prosecuting or convicting of a highway robber could be worth £140 a head, £240 for a pair or £420 for a three-person group. These were huge sums at the time when an artisan earned about £20, supplementary reward was part of the administration of the law for six years, then with the death of George I it came to an end. After two years, in February 1728 a new proclamation reinstated the £100 reward by respecting the original terms, private parties were also free to offer rewards in addition to rewards by proclamations, then this practice was taken up by governmental departments and local authorities. In 1716, Robert Griffith was indicted for stealing from Thomas Brooks, one watch, value £51. She offered a reward of £15 to anyone who gave information about the robber, the reward was received by Mr. Holder, after he brought Mrs. Smith the silver watch that was stolen. In 1732 Henry Carey offered a reward of 2 guineas for the securing of Richard Marshall, Marshall together with Mary Horsenail and Amy Mason were indicted for breaking and entering the house of Mr. Carey in Dorrington-street
17.
Cattle
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Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, cattle are raised as livestock for meat, as dairy animals for milk and other dairy products, and as draft animals. Other products include leather and dung for manure or fuel, in some regions, such as parts of India, cattle have significant religious meaning. From as few as 80 progenitors domesticated in southeast Turkey about 10,500 years ago, according to an estimate from 2011, in 2009, cattle became one of the first livestock animals to have a fully mapped genome. Some consider cattle the oldest form of wealth, and cattle raiding consequently one of the earliest forms of theft. Cattle were originally identified as three species, Bos taurus, the European or taurine cattle, Bos indicus, the zebu, and the extinct Bos primigenius. The aurochs is ancestral to both zebu and taurine cattle and these have been reclassified as one species, Bos taurus, with three subspecies, Bos taurus primigenius, Bos taurus indicus, and Bos taurus taurus. Complicating the matter is the ability of cattle to interbreed with other related species. Hybrid individuals and even breeds exist, not only between taurine cattle and zebu, but also one or both of these and some other members of the genus Bos – yaks, banteng. Hybrids such as the breed can even occur between taurine cattle and either species of bison, leading some authors to consider them part of the genus Bos. However, cattle cannot successfully be hybridized with more distantly related bovines such as water buffalo or African buffalo, the aurochs originally ranged throughout Europe, North Africa, and much of Asia. In historical times, its range became restricted to Europe, breeders have attempted to recreate cattle of similar appearance to aurochs by crossing traditional types of domesticated cattle, creating the Heck cattle breed. Cattle did not originate as the term for bovine animals and it was borrowed from Anglo-Norman catel, itself from medieval Latin capitale principal sum of money, capital, itself derived in turn from Latin caput head. Cattle originally meant movable personal property, especially livestock of any kind, the word is a variant of chattel and closely related to capital in the economic sense. The term replaced earlier Old English feoh cattle, property, which today as fee. The word cow came via Anglo-Saxon cū, from Common Indo-European gʷōus = a bovine animal, compare Persian gâv, Sanskrit go-, Welsh buwch. The plural cȳ became ki or kie in Middle English, and a plural ending was often added, giving kine, kien. This is the origin of the now archaic English plural, kine, the Scots language singular is coo or cou, and the plural is kye
18.
Yodeling
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Yodeling is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German word jodeln and this vocal technique is used in many cultures worldwide. Alpine yodeling was a longtime rural tradition in Europe, and became popular in the 1830s as an entertainment in theaters, in Central Africa, yodeling was a form of communication announcing the yodelers location and identity. In the United States, traveling minstrels were yodeling in the 19th century, Music historians credit the first country recording to include yodeling to Riley Puckett in 1924. In 1928, blending Alpine yodeling with traditional work, blues, hobo, the popularity lasted through the 1940s, but by the 1950s it became rare to hear yodeling in Country or Western music. The Swiss Amish maintain the practice of yodeling to this day, most experts agree that yodeling was used in the Central Alps by herders calling their stock or to communicate between Alpine villages. The multi-pitched yelling later became part of the traditional lore. The earliest record of a yodel is in 1545, where it is described as the call of a cowherd from Appenzell. In Norwegian traditional music, the oral-song tradition Laling, also called huving, is a form of signal song, usually it is considered to transhumance tradition. The cry could be designed so that it was not just a cry for contact. The cry may have a form of text, but is just as well without words, characteristically big melody scope and exchange between breast and falsetto voice. Laling is related to yodeling in Switzerland and Austria, the overture Hjalarljod has a background in the phenomenon of yodeling. Laling is a mix of yelling and singing, and is related to lokk. In Persian classical music, singers frequently use tahrir, a technique that oscillates on neighbor tones. It is similar to the Swiss yodel, and is used as an ornament or trill in phrases which have long syllables, and usually falls at the end of a phrase. Tahrir is also prevalent in Azerbaijani, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Turkish, Armenian, Afghan, and Central Asian musical traditions, in Georgian traditional music, yodeling takes the form of krimanchuli technique, and is used as a top part in three/four part polyphony. In Central Africa Pygmy singers use yodels within their elaborate polyphonic singing, the Mbuti of the Congo incorporate distinctive whistles and yodels into their songs. Living from hunting and gathering, they sing hunting and harvest songs, in 1952, ethnomusicologist Hugh Tracey recorded their songs and they have been released on compact discs
19.
Chris Buck
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Chris Buck is an American film director known for co-directing Tarzan, Surfs Up, and Frozen. He also worked as an animator on Home on the Range. A native of Wichita, Kansas, Buck was inspired to explore animation by the first film he saw in a movie theatre as a child. His family eventually moved to Placentia, California, where he graduated from El Dorado High School, Buck studied character animation for two years at CalArts, where he also taught from 1988 to 1993. At CalArts, Buck became friends with both John Lasseter and Michael Giaimo, whom he would work many years later on Frozen. He began his career as an animator with Disney in 1978, Buck helped develop several films at Hyperion Pictures and served as a directing animator on the feature Bebes Kids. Bucks credits include a number of animated commercials for such Los Angeles-based production entities as FilmFair, Kurtz & Friends, Buck went on to co-direct Surfs Up at Sony Pictures Animation, which was released in June 2007. In 2008, Bucks old friend Lasseter, by then Disney Animations chief creative officer, after it was put on hold during 2010, the film was officially announced in December 2011 under the title Frozen, with a release date of November 27,2013. In September 2014 it was announced that Buck and Lee would co-direct a short based on the Frozen characters called Frozen Fever. It was released in spring 2015, on March 12,2015, Disney announced that Buck and Lee would co-direct a full length sequel to Frozen. They have three sons, Ryder, Woody, and Reed and their oldest son, Ryder, died at age 23 on October 27,2013, in a car collision, when he was hit by two cars after his car broke down on the Glendale Freeway. Ryder was a singer and songwriter performing in his band Ryder Buck and the Breakers, on March 2,2014, upon accepting the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature for co-directing Frozen at the 86th Academy Awards, Buck dedicated the award to his son Ryder. Reed lent his voice to Arnold, a penguin from Surfs Up. Chris Buck at the Internet Movie Database
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