1.
Billboard (magazine)
–
Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
2.
Country music
–
Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
3.
Bebe Rexha
–
Bleta Bebe Rexha is an American/Albanian singer-songwriter and record producer. She is best known as a featured guest vocalist on several Billboard Hot 100 charting songs, such as G-Eazys Me, Myself & I, David Guettas Hey Mama and she also co-wrote the chart-topping Eminem and Rihanna single The Monster, among others. In March 2016, she released the single, No Broken Hearts featuring Nicki Minaj, I Got You was released as the lead single from her EP All Your Fault, Pt.1, becoming her first Hot 100 entry as a lead artist. The EP was released on February 17,2017 and her father is from Debar and her mother is from Gostivar. Her first name, Bleta, means honey bee in Albanian, when Rexha was six years old, she and her family moved to Staten Island. At her elementary school, Rexha played trumpet for over nine years, while teaching herself to play guitar, Rexha attended Tottenville High School on Staten Island, where she took part in a variety of musicals. She also joined the choir, while still in high school, after joining the choir, she discovered that her voice was a coloratura soprano. As a teenager, Rexha submitted a song to be performed at the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences annual Grammy Day event, Rexha earned the Best Teen Songwriter award, beating around 700 other entrants. As a result, she signed a contract with the talent scout Samantha Cox, in 2010 Rexha met Fall Out Boys bassist Pete Wentz with whom she began working at a recording studio at New York City. She would eventually become a member and a lead vocalist of Wentzs new experimental project of a band, the band played a variety of live shows and released several singles and remixes. However, in January 2012, Wentz announced that Rexha left the band to other endeavors. In 2013, Rexha signed with Warner Bros. Records as a solo artist, Rexha had begun writing several songs, including Selena Gomez Like a Champion and Nikki Williams Glowing. Her most prominent songwriting effort of 2013 was Eminem and Rihannas song The Monster, the song went on to top the charts for the US Billboard Hot 100 and Billboards Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. That same year, Rexha also wrote and was featured on Cash Cashs single Take Me Home, on March 21,2014, Rexha released her debut single, I Cant Stop Drinking About You. The song peaked at number 22 on Billboards Top Heatseekers chart, the music video was released on August 12,2014. The video was inspired by imagery from such as Girl, Interrupted. In November 2014, Rexha was featured on rapper Pitbulls song This Is Not a Drill, in December 2014, Rexha released two more singles, Im Gonna Show You Crazy and Gone. On May 12,2015, she released her debut EP and she also co-wrote and was featured on David Guettas single Hey Mama, alongside Nicki Minaj and Afrojack
4.
Florida Georgia Line
–
Florida Georgia Line is an American country duo consisting of vocalists Brian Kelley and Tyler Hubbard. They have achieved major success since their inception and are one of the most successful music acts of the 2010s. The young band quickly emerged after several years starting their careers by making covers and their music has been tagged as bro-country, transitioning from the traditional country feel to their hybrid sounds and their lyrical focus about backroads, girls, drinking and trucks. Their 2012 single Cruise is the best-selling digital country song of all time in the United States as of January 2014 and it is the only country song to ever receive the Diamond Award - over 10 million copies sold. Florida Georgia Line was formed in 2010 in Nashville, Tennessee, in December 2011, they signed a publishing/ production/ management deal with Big Loud Mountain, Craig Wisemans, Joey Mois, and Kevin Chief Zaruks partnership. Their second EP, Itz Just What We Do, charted on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and they played on the 2012 Country Throwdown Tour, along with acts such as Josh Thompson, Corey Smith, Gary Allan, Justin Moore, and Rodney Atkins. They have also opened for Luke Bryan, Brantley Gilbert, Jake Owen, Jason Aldean, Colt Ford, on July 16,2012, they signed with Republic Nashville, part of the Big Machine Label Group. They released their album, Anything Goes on October 14,2014. Both members of Florida Georgia Line grew up and first gained interest in music through church worship services and he began learning to play guitar then began writing music inspired by Christian rock group Casting Crowns. Tyler Hubbard, a native of Monroe, Georgia, was a worship leader who formed a hip hop group, Ingenious Circuit. The two had a myriad of musical interests growing up, Me and my friends rode trucks, listened to Garth Brooks, Alabama, Lil Wayne and Eminem, said Kelley. The duo met at Belmont University in 2008 through a worship group. They moved in one another and began several odd jobs to pay bills. While independent, they recorded and digitally distributed their first EP and they were discovered by Nickelback producer Joey Moi at a county fair, and the three began entering the studio together. Unlike typical country music sessions, the group spent days polishing songs, in terms of production, the band modeled their sound on bands such as Nickelback, Shinedown, and Three Days Grace, while Moi aimed for each song to resemble hair metal group Def Leppard in structure. Kelley likes to think of his career not as a career, Country music is always evolving and will continue to evolve, he told FORBES magazine. Florida Georgia Lines first EP, released December 14,2010, is a 6-song EP produced with Wesley Walker, all of the songs were written by either Hubbard or Hubbard and Kelley. The EP consists of the songs Youre Country, Now That Shes Gone, Man I Am Today, Never Let Her Go, Black Tears, the song Black Tears was also on Jason Aldeans 2012 album Night Train
5.
Jukebox
–
A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device, usually a coin-operated machine, that will play a patrons selection from self-contained media. The classic jukebox has buttons with letters and numbers on them that, coin-operated music boxes and player pianos were the first forms of automated coin-operated musical devices. These instruments used paper rolls, metal disks, or metal cylinders to play a selection on the instrument, or instruments. In the 1890s these devices were joined by machines which used actual recordings instead of physical instruments, in 1890, Louis Glass and William S. The music was heard via one of four listening tubes, Some machines even contained carousels and other mechanisms for playing multiple records. Most machines were capable of holding only one selection, the automation coming from the ability to play that one selection at will. In 1928, Justus P. Seeburg, who was manufacturing player pianos, combined an electrostatic loudspeaker with a player that was coin-operated. This Audiophone machine was wide and bulky, and had eight separate turntables mounted on a rotating Ferris wheel-like device, later versions of the jukebox included Seeburgs Selectophone, with 10 turntables mounted vertically on a spindle. By maneuvering the tone arm up and down, the customer could select from 10 different records, greater levels of automation were gradually introduced. As electrical recording and amplification improved there was increased demand for coin-operated phonographs, as it applies to the use of a jukebox, the terms juking and juker are the correct expressions. Song-popularity counters told the owner of the machine the number of each record was played, with the result that popular records remained. Wallboxes were an important, and profitable, part of any jukebox installation, serving as a remote control, they enabled patrons to select tunes from their table or booth. One example is the Seeburg 3W1, introduced in 1949 as companion to the 100-selection Model M100A jukebox, stereo sound became popular in the early 1960s, and wallboxes of the era were designed with built-in speakers to provide patrons a sample of this latest technology. Initially playing music recorded on wax cylinders, the shellac 78 rpm record dominated jukeboxes in the part of the 20th century. C. D. s, and videos on DVDs were all introduced and used in the last decades of the century, MP3 downloads, and Internet-connected media players came in at the start of the 21st century. The jukeboxs history has followed the wave of technological improvements in music reproduction and distribution, Jukeboxes were most popular from the 1940s through the mid-1960s, particularly during the 1950s. By the middle of the 1940s, three-quarters of the records produced in America went into jukeboxes, while often associated with early rock and roll music, their popularity extends back much earlier, including classical music, opera and the swing music era. In 1977, The Kinks recorded a song called Jukebox Music for their album Sleepwalker, styling progressed from the plain wooden boxes in the early thirties to beautiful light shows with marbelized plastic and color animation in the Wurlitzer 850 Peacock of 1941
6.
Nielsen Audio
–
Nielsen Audio is a consumer research company in the United States that collects listener data on radio broadcasting audiences. It was founded as the American Research Bureau by Jim Seiler in 1949 and became national by merging with Los Angeles-based Coffin, Cooper, the companys initial business was the collection of broadcast television ratings. The company changed its name to Arbitron in the mid‑1960s, the namesake of the Arbitron System, deployed in New York City, it gave instant ratings data on what people were watching. A reporting board lit up to indicate which homes were listening to which broadcasts, on December 18,2012, The Nielsen Company announced that it would acquire Arbitron, its only competitor, for US$1.26 billion. The acquisition closed on September 30,2013, and the company was re-branded as Nielsen Audio, as a condition of the deal to allow a monopoly, Nielsen must license its ratings data and technology to a third party for eight years. The term commonly used in the industry for these ratings is Arbitron book. More specifically, in the diary-measured markets these reports were called the Spring book, Summer book, Fall book, between these books, Arbitron releases interim monthly reports called Arbitrends, which contain data from the previous three months known as rolling average reports. The two interim reports would be known, for example, as Spring, Phase I and Spring, Arbitron recruits diary survey respondents to note their listening habits in a seven-day paper diary and mail it back to Arbitron. The respondents are paid a cash incentive for their participation. Turnaround time for release of data from the end of the period is approximately three weeks. After collection, the data is marketed to radio broadcasters, radio networks, cable TV companies, advertisers, advertising agencies, out-of-home advertising companies, and the online radio industry. Major ratings products include cume, average quarter hour, time spent listening, and market breakdowns by age, gender and it is important to understand that the cume only counts a listener once, whereas the AQH is a product of cume and time spent listening. For example, if you looked into a room and saw Fred and Jane, the cume would be 3 and the AQH would be 2. The PPM is a portable device, much like a pager or mobile phone. Arbitron recruits and compensates a cross-section of consumers to wear the meter for an average of one year, the audience estimates generated from each monthly survey is used as the buy/sell currency for radio stations and advertisers/agencies. By 2010,48 markets are being measured using the PPM. S, radio Markets Audio interview of Ernest H. Clay, ARBs Research and Production Director on WGNs discussion show Your Right To Say It
7.
Billboard Hot 100
–
The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
8.
Unintended consequences
–
In the social sciences, unintended consequences are outcomes that are not the ones foreseen and intended by a purposeful action. The term was popularised in the century by American sociologist Robert K. Merton. Unintended consequences can be grouped into three types, Unexpected benefit, A positive unexpected benefit, Unexpected drawback, An unexpected detriment occurring in addition to the desired effect of the policy. Perverse result, A perverse effect contrary to what was originally intended and this is sometimes referred to as backfire. The idea of unintended consequences dates back at least to John Locke who discussed the consequences of interest rate regulation in his letter to Sir John Somers. The idea was discussed by Adam Smith, the Scottish Enlightenment. However, it was the sociologist Robert K. Merton who popularized this concept in the twentieth century and he emphasized that his term purposive action. Concerned with conduct as distinct from behavior and that is, with action that involves motives and consequently a choice between various alternatives. Mertons usage included deviations from what Max Weber defined as social action, instrumentally rational. Merton also stated that no blanket statement categorically affirming or denying the practical feasibility of all social planning is warranted, akin to Murphys law, it is commonly used as a wry or humorous warning against the hubristic belief that humans can fully control the world around them. As a sub-component of complexity, the nature of the universe—and especially its quality of having small. Likewise the creation of no-mans lands during the Cold War, in such as the border between Eastern and Western Europe, and the Korean Demilitarized Zone, has led to large natural habitats. The sinking of ships in shallow waters during wartime has created many artificial coral reefs, in medicine, most drugs have unintended consequences associated with their use. For instance, aspirin, a reliever, is also an anticoagulant that can help prevent heart attacks and reduce the severity. The existence of beneficial side effects also leads to off-label use—prescription or use of a drug for an unlicensed purpose, famously, the drug Viagra was developed to lower blood pressure, with its main current use being discovered as a side effect in clinical trials. The implementation of a profanity filter by AOL in 1996 had the consequence of blocking residents of Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire. The accidental censorship of innocent language, known as the Scunthorpe problem, has been repeated, in 1990, the Australian state of Victoria made safety helmets mandatory for all bicycle riders. The risk of death and serious injury per cyclist seems to have increased, research by Vulcan, et al. found that the reduction in juvenile cyclists was because the youths considered wearing a bicycle helmet unfashionable
9.
Taylor Swift
–
Taylor Alison Swift is an American singer-songwriter. One of the most popular contemporary female recording artists, she is known for songs about her personal life. Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at age 14 to pursue a career in country music and she signed with the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. Her eponymous debut album in 2006 peaked at five on Billboard 200. The albums third single, Our Song, made her the youngest person to single-handedly write, Swifts second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. Buoyed by the pop success of the singles Love Story and You Belong with Me. The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner, Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, Speak Now. It debuted at one in the United States and the single Mean won two Grammy Awards. Her fourth album, Red, yielded the successful singles We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together, with her fifth album, the pop-focused 1989, she became the first act to have three albums sell a million copies within one week in the United States. Its singles Shake It Off, Blank Space and Bad Blood reached number one in the US, Australia, the album received three Grammy Awards, and Swift became the first woman and fifth act overall to win Album of the Year twice. The 2015 eponymous concert tour for 1989 became one of highest-grossing of the decade, as a songwriter, Swift has received awards from the Nashville Songwriters Association and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Swift is one of the artists of all time, having sold more than 40 million albums—including 27.1 million in the US—and 130 million single downloads. She has appeared in Times 100 most influential people in the world, Forbes top-earning women in music, Forbes 100 most powerful women and she was the youngest woman to be included in the third of these and ranked first in Celebrity 100. Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13,1989, in Reading and her father, Scott Kingsley Swift, was a financial advisor, and her mother, Andrea Gardner Swift, was a homemaker who worked previously as a mutual fund marketing executive. She has a brother named Austin. Swift spent the years of her life on a Christmas tree farm in Cumru Township. She attended preschool and kindergarten at the Alvernia Montessori School, run by Franciscan nuns, the family then moved to a rented house in the suburban town of Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, where she attended Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School. At the age of nine, Swift became interested in musical theater and she also traveled regularly to New York City for vocal and acting lessons
10.
We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
–
We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fourth studio album, Red. Swift co-wrote the song with its producers, Max Martin and Shellback, the song was released as the lead single from Red on August 13,2012, by Big Machine Records. Its lyrics depict Swifts frustrations at an ex-lover who wants to re-kindle their relationship, Rolling Stone magazine named the song the second best song of 2012 while it took the fourth spot in Times end-of-year poll. It has received a Grammy Award nomination for Record of the Year and it also received a Peoples Choice Awards nomination for Favorite Song of the Year. A music video for the song was released in August 2012 and it was the first music video to be presented in 4K resolution and received positive reviews from critics. A CD single was released in September 2012 by Swifts official store, Amazon. com, the single has been certified Quintuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. The song is one of the singles worldwide, with worldwide sales reaching 7 million copies to date. After writing Speak Now entirely solo, Swift opted to collaborate with different songwriters and producers for Red, thus, she called Max Martin and Shellback, two songwriters and producers whose work she admired, to discuss a possible collaboration. When Martin suggested that they write about the incident, Swift began playing the guitar and singing, We are never ever. And the song flowed rapidly afterwards and she described the process as one of the most humorous experiences she had while recording, and said the musical partners matched her expectations. An audio clip of her sarcastically speaking about breakups can be heard before the final chorus, the song is reportedly about Swifts ex, Jake Gyllenhaal, as the two had broken up in January 2011 but had been seen on a date a few days later. A lyric video premiered on Swifts official Vevo that same day. The song was released to Adult Contemporary radio stations on August 13,2012 with it being released to radio stations the next day. The song was released to country radio on August 21,2012. The music video for the song premiered on August 30,2012, a limited edition individually numbered CD single was released to Swifts official store and Amazon. com on September 4,2012. The limited edition CD single was packaged with a We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together T-shirt, the CD single was also able to be bought individually. The CD single was released exclusively to US Walmart stores the same day. The three-minute-and-twelve-second song features heavy production and a pop music vocal styling
11.
Cruise (song)
–
Cruise is a song recorded by American country music duo Florida Georgia Line. It was released in August 2012 as the first single from their extended play Itz Just What We Do and it was written by group members Brian Kelley and Tyler Hubbard with Joey Moi, Chase Rice, and Jesse Rice. It is included on their first album for Republic Nashville, Heres to the Good Times, Cruise is the best-selling country digital song of all time in the United States as of January 2014. The song is considered the foremost example of the genre of music termed bro-country. The recording by Florida Georgia Line reached No.16 on the Billboard Hot 100 on its initial release, a couple of months later, a remix by rapper Nelly was released, and the song then re-entered the top 10. The song reached a peak of No.4 on the Hot 100 chart in its 34th week, the song also logged 24 weeks at No.1 on Hot Country Songs, longer than any other song in the charts 70-year history. The Nelly remix, produced by Jason Nevins, was released to iTunes on April 2,2013 and to pop radio on April 16,2013. The remix was played at the end of Nellys music video for Hey Porsche, in total, all versions of the songs have sold over 7 million in the US by September 2014. The song was written by the two member of Florida Georgia Line, Brian Kelley and Tyler Hubbard, together with Joey Moi, Chase Rice and Jesse Rice. According to Chase Rice, they were writing a different song, when Kelley started to strum a chord and hummed another melody and they decided to drop the song they were writing to write Cruise instead, which they finished in 45 minutes. The song is a mid-tempo in the key of B-flat major with a chord pattern of B♭-F-Gm7-E♭. It is about a woman that the male narrator wants to cruise with in his pick-up truck. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the four stars out of five. Matt Bjorke of Roughstock also gave the song a favorable review, however, lyrically, he thought that the song is ass-backwards. Cruise is credited with the rise of bro-country, a trend in country music starting in 2013 that entails rock- and rap-influenced country by male artists. To Rosen, it exemplifies the genre of bro-country, music by and of the tatted, gym-toned and its themes of women and driving are noted by critics to typical of the genre of bro-country, with its perceived objectification of women the target of criticism. Some country purists also thought it too influenced by hip-hop, pop and rock to be country music, the music video was directed by Brian Lazzaro and premiered in August 2012. It was filmed outside Nashville, and featured the duo driving and performing against an American flag backdrop at a colorful paint party, Cruise debuted at No.54 on the U. S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of August 11,2012
12.
Eddy Arnold
–
Richard Edward Eddy Arnold was an American country music singer who performed for six decades. He was a so-called Nashville sound innovator of the late 1950s and he sold more than 85 million records. A member of the Grand Ole Opry and the Country Music Hall of Fame, Arnold was born on May 15,1918, on a farm near Henderson, Tennessee. His father, a sharecropper, played the fiddle, while his mother played guitar, Arnolds father died when he was just 11, forcing him to leave school and begin helping on the family farm. This led to him later gaining his nickname—the Tennessee Plowboy, one of his brothers, PFC John Hendrix Arnold, fought in World War II and died in the Normandy landings. Arnold attended Pinson High School in Pinson, Tennessee, where he played guitar for school functions and he quit before graduation to help with the farm work, but continued performing, often arriving on a mule with his guitar hung on his back. Arnold also worked part-time as an assistant at a mortuary, in 1934, at age 16, Arnold debuted musically on WTJS-AM in Jackson, Tennessee, and obtained a job there during 1937. He performed at nightclubs and was a permanent performer for the station. During 1938, he was hired by WMPS-AM in Memphis, Tennessee and he soon quit for KWK-AM in St. Louis, Missouri, followed by a brief stint at WHAS-AM in Louisville, Kentucky. He performed for WSM on the Grand Ole Opry during 1943 as a solo artist, in 1944, Arnold signed a contract with RCA Victor, with manager Colonel Tom Parker, who later managed Elvis Presley. Arnolds first single was noticed, but the next, Each Minute Seems a Million Years. Its success began a decade of unprecedented chart performance, Arnolds next 57 singles all ranked in the top 10, in 1946, Arnold scored his first major success with Thats How Much I Love You. In 1948, he had five songs on the charts simultaneously. That year, he had nine songs in the top 10, five of these were number one, with Parkers management, Arnold continued to dominate, with 13 of the 20 best-scoring country music songs of 1947–1948. He became the host of Mutual Radios Purina-sponsored segment of the Opry and of Mutuals Checkerboard Jamboree, recorded radio programs increased Arnolds popularity, as did the CBS Radio series Hometown Reunion with the Duke of Paducah. Arnold quit the Opry during 1948, and his Hometown Reunion briefly broadcast in competition with the Opry on Saturday nights, in 1949 and 1950, he performed in the Columbia movies Feudin’ Rhythm and Hoedown. Arnold began working for television in the early 1950s, hosting The Eddy Arnold Show, the summer program was broadcast successively by all three television networks, replacing the Perry Como and Dinah Shore programs. He also performed as a guest and a guest host on the ABC-TV show Ozark Jubilee from 1955–60, Arnold featured in the syndicated Eddy Arnold Time from 1955 to 1957
13.
I'm Moving On (Hank Snow song)
–
Im Moving On is a 1950 country standard written by Hank Snow. The song, a 12-bar blues, reached #1 on the Billboard country singles chart and stayed there for 21 weeks and it was the first of seven number-one Billboard country hits Snow scored throughout his career on that chart. It spent 44 weeks in Billboards top 10, charless version with his soul band featured congas and maracas, giving the Spanish tinge to a country and western blues. It was also recorded on his last recording session with Atlantic months before he signed with ABC, produced by Jerry Wexler, Charles provides the lead vocals, and is backed by the Raelettes. The Ray Charles Orchestra provided the instrumentation, al Hirt released a version on his 1963 album, Honey in the Horn. A live version is included on Decembers Children by the Rolling Stones, the song was covered by Elvis Presley in 1969. Emmylou Harris took a live version of Im Moving On to No.5 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. The song was covered by Chuck Prophet for a 2007 Jack Daniels NASCAR television commercial. There is a version by Warren Smith, as part of a medley of Hank Snow songs and it has also been covered by Irish rock band Taste. Big House also covered this song on their 2000 album, Woodstock Nation, waylon Jennings and Johnny Cash covered the song in the latters posthumously released 2014 album Out Among the Stars. The song was released by Matt Lucas on Smash Records and it went to #56 on the Billboard Hot 100 in June
14.
Hank Snow
–
Clarence Eugene Hank Snow was a celebrated Canadian country music artist. In a career spanned more than 50 years, he recorded 140 albums. His number-one hits include the self-penned songs Im Moving On, The Golden Rocket and famous versions of I Dont Hurt Anymore, Let Me Go, Ive Been Everywhere, Hello Love, as well as other top 10 hits. Snow was a songwriter whose clear, baritone voice expressed a wide range of emotions including the joys of freedom. Through it all, his musically talented mother provided the support he needed to pursue his dream of becoming a famous entertainer like his idol. As a performer of traditional music, Snow won numerous awards and is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame, the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame. Hank Snow was born in the community of Brooklyn in Queens County, Nova Scotia. He was the fifth of six children, the two eldest died in infancy born to George Snow and Maude Marie Hatt and his parents were married on November 10,1909 in Liverpool, Nova Scotia. After the death of his father Hanks mother married Charles Tanner in 1930, in his autobiography, Snow tells how his parents struggled to feed their four remaining children during hard financial times. George Snow worked for low pay as a foreman in sawmills, often far from home, while Marie helped support the family by washing clothes and she also enjoyed playing her own pump organ, but refused several offers to join travelling shows because of her dedication to the family. One sister moved in with an aunt, while the two were sent to separate foster homes. Snow himself went to live with his grandmother who ordered him never to mention his mothers name. Snows childhood misfortunes continued, however, after his mothers remarriage to a local fisherman and he endured his stepfathers jealous tantrums, beatings and verbal abuse. Why in the hell dont you get out and find a job somewhere and his stepfather would rage even though Jack, as he was then known, was a frail 12-year-old who weighed only 80 pounds. It was at time that his mother ordered a Hawaiian steel guitar advertised in a magazine along with free lessons. At first, she ordered him not to touch the guitar because it was one of her prized possessions, but later, when she finally allowed him to play, she marvelled at the various sounds that I could get from the instrument. Snow adds that after he had mastered some chords and a few songs, his mother would ask him to sing, when he performed for the neighbours, word got around and I was being invited out somewhere just about every night. So it was through mothers mail-order guitar that I became interested in music, in 1926, as the tension continued at home, Snow decided to escape by joining a fishing schooner where he served as a flunky or cabin boy
15.
Webb Pierce
–
His biggest hit was In the Jailhouse Now, which charted for 37 weeks in 1955,21 of them at number one. For many, Pierce, with his flamboyant Nudie suits and twin silver dollar-lined convertibles, became the most recognizable face of music of the era. Pierce was a member of the Grand Ole Opry and was posthumously inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. A tribute album in his honor was released in 2001 entitled Caught In The Webb - A Tribute To Country Legend Webb Pierce. He began to play guitar before he was a teenager and at 15 was given his own weekly 15-minute show, Songs by Webb Pierce and he enlisted in the US Army, and in 1942 he married Betty Jane Lewis. After he was discharged, the moved to Shreveport, Louisiana. In 1947, the couple appeared on KTBS-AMs morning show as Webb Pierce with Betty Jane, Pierce also performed at local engagements, developing his unique style that was once described as a wailing whiskey-voiced tenor that wrang out every drop of emotion. In 1949, California-based 4 Star Records signed the Webbs under separate contracts, with his wife signed for duets with her husband under the name Betty Jane, however, success only came for Pierce, and in the summer of 1950, the couple divorced. He moved to KWKH-AM and joined Louisiana Hayride during its first year, before the show, he bought tickets for several young girls in line and asked them to sit in the first row, and after each of his songs to scream and beg for more. It worked, their spread throughout the audience. Pierce assembled and performed with a band of local Shreveport musicians, including pianist Floyd Cramer, guitarist-vocalist Faron Young, bassist Tillman Franks and vocalists Teddy and Doyle Wilburn. He also founded a label, Pacemaker, and Ark-La-Tex Music, a publishing company, with Horace Logan. On Pacemaker, Pierce made several records between 1950 and 1951 designed to attract radio play around Louisiana, in 1951, Pierce got out of his 4 Star contract and was quickly signed by Decca Records. His second single, Wondering, became his hit, climbing to No.1 early in 1952. Pierce moved to Nashville, Tennessee where he met and married his second wife, in June 1952, he had his second No.1 single with That Heart Belongs to Me. In September 1952, the Grand Ole Opry needed to fill the left by the firing of Hank Williams. After Williams death, he became the most popular singer in music, for the next four years, every single he released hit the top ten. 1, including There Stands the Glass, Slowly, More and More and his singles spent 113 weeks at No.1 during the 1950s, when he charted 48 singles
16.
Heartbreak Hotel
–
Heartbreak Hotel is a song recorded by American singer Elvis Presley. It was released as a single on January 27,1956 and it was written by Tommy Durden, Mae Boren Axton, and Elvis Presley. A newspaper article about the suicide of a man who jumped from a hotel window inspired the lyrics. Axton presented the song to Presley in November 1955 at a music convention in Nashville. Presley agreed to record it, and did so on January 10,1956, in a session with his band, the Blue Moon Boys, the guitarist Chet Atkins, and the pianist Floyd Cramer. Heartbreak Hotel comprises an eight-bar blues progression, with heavy reverberation throughout the track, Heartbreak Hotel achieved unheard of feats as it reached the top 5 of Country and Western, pop, and Rhythm n Blues charts simultaneously. It would eventually be certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. It became a staple of Presleys repertoire in live appearances, last performed by him on May 29,1977, at the Civic Center in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1995 Heartbreak Hotel was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and that year it was also included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. The song was written in 1955, by Mae Boren Axton, a school teacher with a background in musical promotion. Kroliks story was published in media, and received further publicity after he was shot and killed in an attempted robbery in El Paso. On August 25,1955, the El Paso Times reported Kroliks death under the headline Story Of Person Who Walked Lonely Street, Axton and Durden give different accounts of how the song was written. Durdens account is that he had written the song and performed it with his band the Swing Billys before he presented it to Axton. Axtons account is that Durden had only written a few lines of the song and she says that the report of the suicide stunned her, and she told Durden, Everybody in the world has someone who cares. Lets put a Heartbreak Hotel at the end of this lonely street and they were interrupted by the arrival of Glenn Reeves, a local performer who had previously worked with Axton. The duo asked Reeves to help with the song, but after hearing the title he remarked that it was the silliest thing Ive ever heard, the song was written within an hour, and Durden recorded it onto Axtons tape recorder. Reeves returned, and after hearing the song he was asked to provide a demo for Axton in the style of Elvis Presley. Reeves obliged, but once again turned down the offer of a credit for his input
17.
Elvis Presley
–
Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
18.
Jimmy Wakely
–
James Clarence Jimmy Wakely, was an American actor and country Western music vocalist, and one of the last singing cowboys. His duet singles with Margaret Whiting from 1949–51 produced a string of top seven hits, including 1949s number one hit on the US country charts and pop music charts, Slippin Around. Wakely owned two music publishing companies in later years and performed at the Grand Ole Opry until shortly before his death, James Clarence Wakeley was born in Howard County, Arkansas but his family moved to Rosedale, Oklahoma by 1920. As a teenager, he changed his surname to Wakely, dropping the second e, in 1937 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma he formed The Bell Boys, a country Western singing group named after their Bell Clothing sponsor. The group performed locally, made recordings, and did frequent radio broadcasts over Oklahoma Citys WKY. Johnny Bond, Dick Reinhart, Scotty Harrell and Jack Cheney were members of the Bell Boys, over time, Wakelys groups were known as The Jimmy Wakely Trio, Jimmy Wakely and His Saddle Pals, Jimmy Wakely Trio and James Wakely. During a tour through Oklahoma, Western movie star Gene Autry invited Wakely to come to California, Autry felt the group might be a good addition to his new Melody Ranch radio show which debuted on CBS in January 1940. The Wakely Trio joined the show in mid-1940 and he stayed for a couple of years, then left because of movie commitments and a recording contract with Decca Records that ran from 1941–1942 through 1947. Johnny Bond stayed with the show for most of its run, Wakely married Dora Inez Miser on Friday the 13th, December 13,1935. They had four children, Deanna, Carol, Linda and son Johnny and their marriage lasted until his death in 1982. In 1939, Wakely made his debut in a Roy Rogers Western. He was sometimes referred to as a low-budget Autry in films and his response was, Everybody reminds somebody of someone else until they are somebody. And I had rather be compared to Gene Autry than anyone else, through the grace of God and Gene Autry, I got a career. He appeared in 28 Westerns at Monogram between 1944 and 1949, Wakely also appeared in some non-Westerns, including Im from Arkansas in 1944, a showcase for country and hillbilly performers who bring their comedy, tunes and yodeling to Pitchfork, Arkansas. About 1941–1942, Decca gave Wakely a recording contract that ran until 1947, after leaving films, he continued to record, switching to the Capitol label. Though most of his songs were country Western, some crossed over to the pop charts, including collaborations with singer Margaret Whiting and Karen Chandler and he had a number one country hit with One Has My Name, a song originally released by Western singer Eddie Dean. Like other Western film stars of the era, Wakely had his own book series. DC Comics published 18 issues from Sept/Oct 1949–July/Aug 1952, billing him as HOLLYWOODS SENSATIONAL COWBOY STAR, in addition to Autrys Melody Ranch, Wakely had his own CBS Radio show and co-hosted other programs
19.
Margaret Whiting
–
Margaret Eleanor Whiting was a singer of American popular music and country music who first made her reputation during the 1940s and 1950s. Whiting was born in Detroit, but her family moved to Los Angeles in 1929 and her father, Richard, was a composer of popular songs, including the classics Hooray for Hollywood, Aint We Got Fun. and On the Good Ship Lollipop. Her sister, Barbara Whiting, was an actress and singer, an aunt, Margaret Young, was a singer and popular recording artist in the 1920s. In 1942, Mercer co-founded Capitol Records and signed Margaret to one of Capitols first recording contracts, Whiting returned to Capitol in the early 1960s and then signed with London Records in 1966. On London, Whiting landed one last major hit single in 1966, The Wheel of Hurt and her final solo albums were made for Audiophile and DRG Records. Whiting co-starred on the 15-minute musical programs The Jack Smith Show and she also was a vocalist on The Eddie Cantor Show and was in the cast of The Philip Morris Follies of 1946 and The Railroad Hour. Additionally, she was hostess on the Spotlight Revue and a singer on the transcribed Barry Wood Show. She also appeared in the part of a young Sophie Tucker, Margaret and Barbara Whiting starred as themselves in the situation comedy Those Whiting Girls. The show, produced by Desilu Productions, aired on CBS as a replacement series between July,1955 and September,1957. In 1960, Whiting appeared as Vinnie Berkeley in one of the last episodes, Martial Law, of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, paul Picerni was cast in the same segment as Duke Blaine. In 1984, Whiting appeared in the musical movie Taking My Turn. It was basically a version of the 1983 off-Broadway show in which she appeared. This ensemble show also included Marni Nixon, Tiger Haynes, the music was composed by Gary William Friedman with lyrics by Will Holt. The revue was centered on issues regarding aging, the stage production opened at New York Citys Entermedia Theatre on June 9,1983. It went on to win the 1984 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Lyrics/Music and was nominated for the 1984 Drama Desk Award for Best Musical, a cast recording of the stage production was released and subsequently re-released on CD. From 1989 through 2001, Whiting was the Artistic Director of the annual Cabaret, hubbell Robinson Jr. Unrelated B-sides not shown Margaret Whiting at the Internet Movie Database Pop ranking from Joel Whitburns Pop Memories 1890–1954, published in 1986 by Record Research Inc
20.
Buck Owens
–
Alvis Edgar Buck Owens, Jr. was an American musician, singer, songwriter and band leader who had 21 No.1 hits on the Billboard country music charts with his band the Buckaroos. While Owens originally used fiddle and retained pedal steel guitar into the 1970s, his sound on records and onstage was always more stripped-down, beginning in 1969, Owens co-hosted the TV series Hee Haw with Roy Clark. He left the cast in 1986, the accidental death of Rich, his best friend, in 1974 devastated him for years and abruptly halted his career until he performed with Dwight Yoakam in 1988. Owens died on March 25,2006 shortly after performing at his Crystal Palace restaurant, club, Owens is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame and the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. Owens was born on a farm in Sherman, Texas, to Alvis Edgar Owens, Sr. and his wife, Buck was a donkey on the Owens farm, Rich Kienzle wrote in the biography About Buck. When Alvis Jr. was three or four years old, he walked into the house and announced that his name also was Buck and that was fine with the family, and the boys name was Buck from then on. He attended public school for grades 1–3 in Garland, Texas and his family moved to Mesa, Arizona, in 1937 during the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression. Owens co-hosted a radio show called Buck and Britt in 1945, in the late 1940s he became a truck driver and drove through the San Joaquin Valley of California. He was impressed by Bakersfield, where he and his wife settled in 1951. Owens recorded a record called Hot Dog for the Pep label. Sometime in the 1950s, he lived with his wife and children in Fife, Washington. In 1958, Owens met Don Rich in Steves Gay 90s restaurant in South Tacoma, Owens had observed one of Richs shows, and immediately went to speak with him. Rich started to play fiddle with Owens at local venues and they were featured on the weekly BAR-K Jamboree on KTNT-TV11. Owens career took off in 1959, when his song Second Fiddle hit No.24 on the Billboard country chart, soon after, Under Your Spell Again made it to No.4 on the charts and Capitol Records wanted Owens to return to Bakersfield, California. Owens tried to convince Rich to go with him to Bakersfield, above and Beyond hit No.3. On April 2,1960 he performed the song on ABC-TVs Ozark Jubilee, in the early 1960s, the countrypolitan sound was popular, with smooth, string-laden, pop-influenced styles used by Eddy Arnold, Jim Reeves, and Patsy Cline, among others. Owens went against the trend, using honky tonk hillbilly feel, Owens was named the Most Promising Country and Western Singer of 1960 by Billboard. In 1961, his top 10-charting duets with Rose Maddox earned them awards as vocal team of the year and it was released on March 11 and entered the charts of April 13
21.
Lovesick Blues
–
Lovesick Blues is a show tune written by Cliff Friend and Irving Mills. The song first appeared in the 1922 musical Oh, Ernest and it was recorded by Emmett Miller in 1928 and later by country music singer Rex Griffin. The recordings by Griffin and Miller inspired Hank Williams to perform the song during his first appearances on the Louisiana Hayride in 1948, receiving an enthusiastic reception from the audience, Williams decided to record his own version despite initial push back from his producer Fred Rose and his band. MGM Records released Lovesick Blues in February 1949, and it became a success, quickly reaching number one on Billboards Top C&W singles. The publication named it the top country and western record of the year, several cover versions of the song have been recorded. The most popular, Frank Ifields 1962 version, topped the UK Singles Chart, in 2004, Williams version was added to the National Recording Registry. Lovesick Blues was originally entitled Ive Got the Lovesick Blues and published by Jack Mills, Inc. in 1922, Irving Mills authored the lyrics and it was first performed by Anna Chandler in the Tin Pan Alley musical Oh. Ernest and first recorded by Elsie Clark on March 21,1922 with Okeh Records, following the recording, Cliff and Friend copyrighted the song on April 3,1922. It was featured in a show at the Boardwalk Club in New York City in June 1922, on September 1,1925, OKeh Records sent scout Ralph Peer and a recording crew to Asheville, North Carolina. Among the aspiring artists recorded by Peer was Emmett Miller, accompanied by Walter Rothrock on the piano, Miller cut four sides for the label, including Lovesick Blues. The single was paired with Big Bad Bill and released in November 1925, on June 12,1928 accompanied by the Georgia Crackers, Miller re-recorded the song, which was subsequently released to weak sales. Millers version was covered by country music singer Rex Griffin in December 1939 on Decca Records. Griffin rearranged the song by using the original chorus - I got a called the blues—as a verse and turning the verse Im in love, Im in love. Hank Williams, who heard both the Miller and Griffin versions, started performing the song on the Louisiana Hayride shortly after joining in August 1948. Horace Logan, the producer and programming director for KWKH. In light of the audiences strong positive reaction, Williams decided to record the song. His decision was questioned by his musicians and also his producer, Fred Rose, for this recording, Williams replaced the jazz musicians with a modern country music band, using a rhythm guitar, mandolin, string bass, drums and a steel guitar. Williams session band was composed of Clyde Baum, Zeke Turner, Jerry Byrd, Louis Innis, Tommy Jackson, with little time left, Byrd and Turner replicated the musical arrangement they previously used on an Ernest Tubb session for a cover of Jimmie Rodgers Waiting for a Train
22.
Hank Williams
–
Hiram King Hank Williams, was an American singer-songwriter and musician. Born in Mount Olive, Butler County, Alabama, Williams moved to Georgiana, where he met Rufus Payne, Payne had a major influence on Williams later musical style, along with Roy Acuff and Ernest Tubb. During this time, Williams informally changed his name to Hank and he moved to Montgomery, where he began his music career in 1937, when producers at radio station WSFA hired him to perform and host a 15-minute program. He formed as backup the Drifting Cowboys band, which was managed by his mother, Williams eventually married Audrey Sheppard, who was his manager for nearly a decade. After recording Never Again and Honky Tonkin with Sterling Records, he signed a contract with MGM Records, in 1947 he released Move It on Over, which became a hit, and also joined the Louisiana Hayride radio program. One year later, he released a cover of Lovesick Blues, after an initial rejection, Williams joined the Grand Ole Opry. He was unable to read or notate music to any significant degree, among the hits he wrote were Your Cheatin Heart, Hey, Good Lookin, and Im So Lonesome I Could Cry. Several years of pain, alcoholism, and prescription drug abuse severely damaged Williams health. He divorced Sheppard and was dismissed by the Grand Ole Opry because of his unreliability, Williams died on New Years Day of 1953 at the age of 29, from heart failure exacerbated by pills and alcohol. Despite his short life, Williams had a influence on 20th-century popular music. The songs he wrote and recorded have been covered by artists and have been hits in various genres. He has been inducted into multiple halls of fame, such as the Country Music Hall of Fame, the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Williams was born in Butler County, Alabama, the son of Jessie Lillybelle Lillie and his parents married on November 12,1916. Hank Williams was of English ancestry, Elonzo Williams worked as an engineer for the railroads of the W. T. Smith lumber company. He was drafted during World War I, serving from July 1918 until June 1919 and he was severely injured after falling from a truck, breaking his collarbone and suffering a severe blow to the head. After his return, the familys first child, Irene, was born on August 8,1922, another son of theirs died shortly after birth. Their third child, Hiram, was born on September 17,1923, in Mount Olive. Since Elonzo Williams was a Mason, and his wife was a member of Order of the Eastern Star the child was named after Hiram I of Tyre, as a child, he was nicknamed Harm by his family and Herky or Poots by his friends
23.
Tex Williams
–
Sollie Paul Tex Williams was an American Western swing musician from Ramsey, Illinois. He is best known for his blues style, his biggest hit was the novelty song. Smoke. which held the one position on the Billboard charts for sixteen weeks in 1947. Smoke was the No.5 song on Billboards Top 100 list for 1947 and it can be heard during the opening credits of the 2006 movie Thank You for Smoking. Williams started out in the early 1940s as vocalist for the band of Western Swing king Spade Cooley, based in Venice, Williams backing band The Western Caravan numbered about a dozen members. They attained a level of fluid interplay between electric and steel guitars, fiddles, bass, accordion, trumpet, and other instruments. At first they recorded polkas for Capitol Records with limited success and that was changed by the success of Smoke, Smoke, Smoke written in large part by Merle Travis. In April 1956 Williams appeared on the Chrysler-sponsored CBS TV broadcast Shower of Stars and his final radio show was a lengthy conversation taped by Bill Akens radio program The Country Call Line while Williams was in the Newhall, California hospital. His wife Dallas had asked Aken to call Williams in the hospital, Aken ran the entire hour and a half tape without commercial interruption, as a tribute to his long-time friend and former employer. Williams died of cancer on October 11,1985. 27 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada, southwest Shuffle, Pioneers of Honky Tonk, Western Swing, and Country Jazz. The Billboard Book of Top 40 Country Hits, ISBN 0-8230-8291-1 Tex Williams at the Internet Movie Database Tex Williams at Allmusic
24.
Bob Wills
–
James Robert Bob Wills was an American Western swing musician, songwriter, and bandleader. Considered by music authorities as the co-founder of Western swing, he was known as the King of Western Swing. The band played regularly on a Tulsa, Oklahoma radio station and added Leon McAuliffe on steel guitar, pianist Al Stricklin, drummer Smokey Dacus, and a horn section that expanded the bands sound. Wills and the Texas Playboys recorded with several publishers and companies, including Vocalion, Okeh, Columbia, in 1950, he had two Top 10 hits, Ida Red Likes The Boogie and Faded Love, which were his last hits for a decade. Throughout the 1950s, he struggled with health and tenuous finances. Wills had an attack in 1962 and a second one the next year. The Country Music Hall of Fame inducted Wills in 1968 and the Texas State Legislature honored him for his contribution to American music, in 1972, Wills accepted a citation from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers in Nashville. He was recording an album with fan Merle Haggard in 1973 when a stroke left him comatose until his death in 1975, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted Wills and the Texas Playboys in 1999. He was born on a farm near Kosse, Texas, in Limestone County near Groesbeck, to Emma Lee Foley and John Tompkins Wills. His father was a champion fiddle player and the Wills family was either playing music, or someone was always wanting us to play for them. In addition to picking cotton, the young Jim Bob learned to play the fiddle, both a sister and several brothers played musical instruments, while another sister played piano. The Wills family frequently held country dances in their home, while living in Hall County, Texas, they also played at ranch dances which were popular in both North Texas and eastern New Mexico. African Americans were his playmates, and his father enjoyed watching him jig dance with black children, the family moved to Hall County in the Texas Panhandle in 1913, and in 1919 they bought a farm between the towns of Lakeview and Turkey. At the age of 16, Wills left the family and hopped a freight train. In his 20s he attended school, got married, and moved first to Roy, New Mexico. He alternated barbering and fiddling even when he moved to Fort Worth after leaving Hall County in 1929, there he played in minstrel and medicine shows, and, as with other Texas musicians such as Ocie Stockard, continued to earn money as a barber. He wore blackface makeup to appear in comedy routines, something that was common at the time and he was playing his violin and singing. There were two guitars and a player with him
25.
Al Dexter
–
Clarence Albert Poindexter, known as Al Dexter, was an American country musician and songwriter. Born in Jacksonville, Texas, Dexter owned a bar in the 1930s and he made his recording debut on November 28,1936 for ARC Records. And he was probably the first artist to use the term honky tonk in a song when he recorded Honky Tonk Blues at his first session. His tremendous hit Pistol Packin Mama became the 1943 marching chorus of the New York Yankees, the 1943 movie of the same name, made by the Republic Pictures, gave Dexter close to $250,000 in royalties. Another hit from the 1940s was Guitar Polka, which entered Billboards list as the Most Played Juke Box Folk Record for 16 weeks running in 1946, still other hits include So Long Pal, Triflin Gal, Im Losing My Mind Over You and Too Late to Worry. Dexter was the first country singer to perform on Broadway, and he died January 28,1984 in Lewisville, Texas. On August 21,2010, Dexter was inducted into the Texas Country Music Hall Of Fame, located in Carthage, other inductees that night along with Dexter were George Jones and Ray Winkler. Following Al Dexters death in 1984, his family discovered 50 master tapes containing studio recordings, in 2010, Al Dexters son Carl Wayne Poindexter officially released the 3-disc CD box set entitled Al Dexters Found Masters Volume 1-3 on his independent record label, Al Dexter Estate Productions. This professionally-produced collection contained digitally re-mastered studio recordings which were made by Dexter with various band lineups, Carl Wayne operated the record label with his sisters husband, Leon Dudley. Carl Wayne died in August 2010 and Leon died in March 2014, the official Al Dexter website aldexter. com was previously operated by Carl Wayne and Leon Dudley and is currently inaccessible
26.
International Standard Book Number
–
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
