House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
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| House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Parent house | House of Bourbon |
| Country | Kingdom of the Two Sicilies |
| Founded | 1734 |
| Founder | Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies |
| Current head | Disputed: Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro |
| Final ruler | Francis II |
| Titles | King of Naples, King of Sicily, King of the Two Sicilies |
| Deposition | 1861 |
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The House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family that ruled parts of Southern Italy for more than a century in the 18th and 19th centuries. It descends from the Capetian dynasty in legitimate male line through Philippe de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou, a younger grandson of Louis XIV of France who established the Bourbon dynasty in Spain in 1700 as Philip V. In 1759 King Philip's younger grandson was appanaged with the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, becoming Ferdinand IV and III, respectively, of those realms, his descendants occupied the joint throne (renamed "Kingdom of the Two Sicilies" in 1816) until 1860, claimed it thereafter from exile, and constitute the extant Bourbon-Two Sicilies family. The name "Bourbon-Two Sicilies" (sometimes shortened to "Bourbon-Sicily") combines the patriline (Bourbon) with their former territorial designation (Two Sicilies).
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Kingdom of the Two Sicilies[edit]
The first Kingdom of the Two Sicilies resulted from the unification of the Kingdom of Sicily with the Kingdom of Naples (called the kingdom of peninsular Sicily), by King Alfonso V of Aragon in 1442; the two had been separated since the Sicilian Vespers of 1282. At the death of King Alfonso in 1458, the kingdom became divided between his brother John II of Aragon, who kept Sicily, and his bastard son Ferdinand, who became king of Naples.
Reigning kings[edit]
| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferdinand I 1816–1825 |
 |
12 January 1751 Naples son of Charles VII and Maria Amalia of Saxony |
Marie Caroline of Austria 12 May 1768 17 children Lucia Migliaccio of Floridia 27 November 1814 No children |
4 January 1825 Naples aged 73 |
| Francis I 1825–1830 |
 |
14 August 1777 Naples son of Ferdinand I and Maria Carolina of Austria |
Maria Isabella of Spain 6 July 1802 12 children |
8 November 1830 Naples aged 53 |
| Ferdinand II 1830–1859 |
 |
12 January 1810 Palermo son of Francis I and Maria Isabella of Spain |
Maria Christina of Savoy 21 November 1832 1 child Maria Theresa of Austria 9 January 1837 12 children |
22 May 1859 Caserta aged 49 |
| Francis II 1859–1861 |
 |
16 January 1836 Naples son of Ferdinand II and Maria Christina of Savoy |
Maria Sophie of Bavaria 8 January 1859 1 child |
27 December 1894 Arco aged 58 |
- In 1861 Two Sicilies became part of the newly founded Kingdom of Italy.
Heads of the House since 1861[edit]
| Name Reign |
Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francis II 20 March 1861 – 27 December 1894 |
|
16 January 1836 Naples, Two Sicilies Son of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Maria Cristina of Savoy |
Maria Sophie of Bavaria Bari Cathedral 3 February 1859 1 daughter |
27 December 1894 Aged 58 Arco, Trentino, Austria-Hungary |
Son of Ferdinand II Deposed king of the Two Sicilies |
| Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta (Alphonse I) 27 December 1894 – 26 May 1934 |
|
28 March 1841 Caserta, Two Sicilies Son of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Maria Theresa of Austria |
Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies Church in Rome 8 June 1868 12 children |
26 May 1934 Aged 93 Cannes, France |
4th son of Ferdinand II Half-brother of Francis II |
| Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria (Ferdinand III) 26 May 1934 – 7 January 1960 |
|
25 July 1869 Rome, Papal States Son of Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta and Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies |
Maria of Bavaria Munich Frauenkirche 31 May 1897 6 children |
7 January 1960 Aged 90 Lindau, Bavaria, Germany |
1st son of Alfonso, Count of Caserta |
When Prince Ferdinand Pius died in 1960, he left no male descendant, and two branches of the family claimed the right to succeed him as head of the house. Ferdinand Pius had seven younger brothers. At the time of Ferdinand Pius's death in 1960, the oldest brother, Carlos (1870–1949) was deceased, but had left descendants; the next surviving brother was Ranieri (1883–1973). By the rule of primogeniture, headship would normally pass through Carlos to his son Alfonso. Ranieri contested Alfonso's claim arguing that Carlos had renounced any claim to the Two Sicilies succession on the part of himself and his heirs when he executed the Act of Cannes in 1900 in anticipation of his marriage the next year to Mercedes, Princess of Asturias, heiress presumptive to the Spanish throne. Alfonso offered a different interpretation of the Act of Cannes, describing it as effective only if Carlos should succeed to the Spanish throne, he also took the position that the Act of Cannes was invalid under the succession rules of the house of Two Sicilies itself. The dispute remains unsolved.[1]
|
Senior (Calabrian) line
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Junior (Castrian) line
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On 25 January 2014, representatives of the two rival branches, Prince Carlo (Castro line) and Prince Pedro, then Duke of Noto (Calabria line), jointly signed a pledge of partial reconciliation;[2] the document recognised both branches as members of the same house, committed both to pursue further reconciliation and concord, meanwhile recognising the titles then claimed by each branch.[3]
At the Holy Mass in Saint Peter's Basilica celebrated in Rome on 14 May 2016, during the International Pilgrimage of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George to Rome and Vatican City, Prince Carlo made public his decision to change the rules of succession; this change was made in order to make the rules of succession compatible with international and European law, prohibiting any discrimination between men and women. The rule of absolute primogeniture would henceforth apply to his direct descendants, his elder daughter being recognized as heiress apparent.[4] Prince Pedro publicly objected that Prince Carlo's declaration violated the terms of their reconciliation agreement, to which Carlo replied that further "destabilisation" could lead to termination of the 2014 pact.[5]
Members of the House[edit]
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Titles[edit]
Children and male-line grandchildren of the King of the Two Sicilies bore the title Prince(ss) Royal of the Two Sicilies with the style of Royal Highness. Other agnatic descendants of the King, born of authorized marriages, bore the title Prince(ss) of the Two Sicilies with the style of Royal Highness.
Since 1861, and similarly to members of the House of Bourbon-Parma, the style Prince(ss) of Bourbon-Two Sicilies has been used for and by members of this family to highlight their membership in the House of Bourbon; the title of princess is also born by the wives of the princes of the house provided the marriage is dynastically approved.
Princes of the Two Sicilies (since 1816)[edit]
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Francis I | 14 August 1777 | 8 November 1830 | Son of Ferdinand I. Title held from father's accession to own ascension in 1825. |
| Leopold, Prince of Salerno | 2 July 1790 | 10 March 1851 | Son of Ferdinand I. Title held from father's accession to death. |
| Ferdinand II | 12 January 1810 | 22 May 1859 | Son of Francis I. Title held from grandfather's accession to own ascension in 1830. |
| Charles Ferdinand, Prince of Capua | 10 November 1811 | 22 April 1862 | Son of Francis I. Title held from grandfather's accession to death. |
| Leopold, Count of Syracuse | 22 May 1813 | 4 December 1860 | Son of Francis I. Title held from grandfather's accession to death. |
| Anthony, Count of Lecce | 23 September 1816 | 12 January 1843 | Son of Francis I. Title held from grandfather's accession to death. |
| Louis, Count of Aquila | 19 July 1824 | 5 March 1897 | Son of Francis I. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Louis | 19 July 1824 | 7 August 1824 | Son of Leopold, Prince of Salerno. Title held from birth to death. |
| Francis, Count of Trapani | 13 August 1827 | 24 September 1892 | Son of Francis I. Title held from birth to death. |
| Francis II | 16 January 1836 | 27 December 1894 | Son of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to own ascension in 1859. |
| Louis, Count of Trani | 1 August 1838 | 8 June 1886 | Son of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Albert, Count of Castrogiovanni | 17 September 1839 | 12 July 1844 | Son of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Alfonso, Count of Caserta | 28 March 1841 | 26 May 1934 | Son of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Louis, Count of Roccaguglielma | 18 July 1845 | 27 November 1909 | Son of Louis, Count of Aquila. Title held from birth to death. |
| Gaetan, Count of Girgenti | 12 January 1846 | 26 November 1871 | Son of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Philip | 12 August 1847 | 9 July 1922 | Son of Louis, Count of Aquila. Title held from birth to death. |
| Joseph, Count of Lucera | 4 March 1848 | 28 September 1851 | Son of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Maria Emmanuel | 24 January 1851 | 26 January 1851 | Son of Louis, Count of Aquila. Title held from birth to death. |
| Vincent, Count of Melazzo | 26 April 1851 | 13 October 1854 | Son of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Pasquale, Count of Bari | 15 September 1852 | 21 December 1904 | Son of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Leopold | 24 September 1853 | 4 September 1870 | Son of Francis, Count of Trapani. Title held from birth to death. |
| Januarius, Count of Caltagirone | 28 February 1857 | 13 August 1867 | Son of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Ferdinand | 25 May 1857 | 22 July 1859 | Son of Francis, Count of Trapani. Title held from birth to death. |
| Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria | 25 July 1869 | 17 January 1960 | Son of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Carlos | 10 November 1870 | 11 November 1949 | Son of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Francisco Armando Federico De La Cruz De Bourbon | 14 July 1873 | 26 June 1945 | Son of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from 1960, birth to death. |
| Prince Gennaro | 24 January 1882 | 11 April 1944 | Son of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from birth to death. |
| Ranieri, Duke of Castro | 3 December 1883 | 13 January 1973 | Son of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from 1960 to death. |
| Prince Philip | 10 December 1885 | 9 March 1949 | Son of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Francis of Assisi | 13 January 1888 | 26 March 1914 | Son of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Gabriel | 1 January 1897 | 22 October 1975 | Son of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from birth to death. |
| Ruggiero, Duke of Noto | 7 September 1901 | 1 December 1914 | Son of Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth to death. |
| Alfonso, Duke of Calabria. | 30 November 1901 | 3 February 1964 | Son of Prince Carlos. Title held from 1960 to death. |
| Prince Ferdinand | 6 March 1903 | 4 August 1905 | Son of Prince Carlos. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Carlo | 5 September 1908 | 27 September 1936 | Son of Prince Carlos. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Gaetano | 16 April 1917 | 27 December 1984 | Son of Prince Philip. Title held from birth to death. |
| Ferdinand, Duke of Castro | 28 May 1926 | 20 March 2008 | Son of Ranieri, Duke of Castro. Title held from 1973 to death. |
| Prince Antoine | 20 January 1929 | Son of Prince Gabriel. Title held from birth. | |
| Prince Jean | 30 June 1933 | 25 December 2000 | Son of Prince Gabriel. Title held from birth to death. |
| Prince Casimir | 8 November 1938 | Son of Prince Gabriel. Title held from birth. | |
| Carlos, Duke of Calabria, Count of Caserta. | 16 January 1938 | 5 October 2015 | Son of Alfonso, Duke of Calabria. Title Duke of Noto held from 1960 to 1964 Duke of Calabria, Count of Caserta from 1964 to death. |
| Prince François | 20 June 1960 | Son of Prince Antoine. Title held from birth. | |
| Carlo, Duke of Castro | 24 February 1963 | Son of Ferdinand, Duke of Castro. Title held from 2008. | |
| Prince Gennaro | 27 January 1966 | Son of Prince Antoine. Title held from birth. | |
| Prince Pedro, Duke of Castro, Duke of Noto, Duke of Calabria, Count of Caserta. | 16 October 1968 | Son of Carlos, Duke of Calabria. Title of Duke of Noto from birth to 2015, others from 2015. | |
| Prince Luís | 28 November 1970 | Son of Prince Casimir. Title held from birth. | |
| Prince Alexander | 9 August 1974 | Son of Prince Casimir. Title held from birth. | |
| Prince Jaime, Duke of Noto | 26 June 1993 | Son of Pedro, Duke of Calabria. Duke of Capua and Duke of Noto since 2015. | |
| Prince Antoine | 6 June 2003 | Son of Prince François. Title held from birth. |
Princesses of the Two Sicilies (since 1816)[edit]
By birth[edit]
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Princess Luisa Carlotta | 24 October 1804 | 29 January 1844 | Daughter of Francis I. Title held from grandfather's ascension to death. |
| Princess Maria Christina | 27 April 1806 | 22 August 1878 | Daughter of Francis I. Title held from grandfather's ascension to death. |
| Princess Maria Antonia | 19 December 1814 | 7 November 1898 | Daughter of Francis I. Title held from grandfather's ascension to death. |
| Princess Maria Amalia | 25 February 1818 | 6 November 1857 | Daughter of Francis I. Title held from grandfather's ascension to death. |
| Princess Maria Carolina | 29 November 1820 | 14 January 1861 | Daughter of Francis I. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Theresa Christina | 14 March 1822 | 28 December 1889 | Daughter of Francis I. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Carolina Augusta | 26 April 1822 | 6 December 1869 | Daughter of Leopold, Prince of Salerno. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Isabella | 23 March 1838 | 24 March 1838 | Daughter of Leopold, Count of Syracuse. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Annunciata | 24 March 1843 | 4 May 1871 | Daughter of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Immaculata | 14 April 1844 | 18 February 1899 | Daughter of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Isabella | 22 July 1846 | 14 February 1859 | Daughter of Louis, Count of Aquila. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Pia | 2 August 1849 | 29 September 1882 | Daughter of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Antonietta | 16 March 1851 | 12 September 1938 | Daughter of Francis, Count of Trapani. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Teresa Pia | 7 January 1855 | 1 September 1856 | Daughter of Francis, Count of Trapani. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Luisa Immaculata | 21 January 1855 | 23 February 1874 | Daughter of Ferdinand II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Carolina | 21 February 1856 | 7 April 1941 | Daughter of Francis, Count of Trapani. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Annunziata | 21 September 1858 | 20 March 1873 | Daughter of Francis, Count of Trapani. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Teresa | 15 January 1867 | 1 March 1909 | Daughter of Louis, Count of Trani. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Cristina Pia | 24 December 1869 | 28 March 1870 | Daughter of Francis II. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Immaculata | 30 October 1874 | 28 November 1947 | Daughter of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Cristina | 10 April 1877 | 4 October 1947 | Daughter of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria di Grazia | 12 August 1878 | 20 June 1973 | Daughter of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Giuseppina | 25 February 1880 | 22 July 1971 | Daughter of Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Antonietta | 16 April 1898 | 11 January 1957 | Daughter of Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria Cristina | 4 May 1899 | 21 April 1985 | Daughter of Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Barbara | 14 December 1902 | 1 January 1927 | Daughter of Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Isabel Alfonsa | 10 October 1904 | 18 July 1985 | Daughter of Prince Carlos. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Lucia | 9 July 1908 | 3 November 2001 | Daughter of Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria de los Dolores | 15 November 1909 | 11 May 1996 | Daughter of Prince Carlos. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria de las Mercedes | 23 December 1910 | 2 January 2000 | Daughter of Prince Carlos. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Urraca | 14 July 1913 | 3 May 1999 | Daughter of Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria de la Esperanza | 14 June 1914 | 8 August 2005 | Daughter of Prince Carlos. Title held from birth to death. |
| Princess Maria del Carmen | 13 July 1924 | Daughter of Ranieri, Duke of Castro. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Maria Margarita | 16 November 1934 | Daughter of Prince Gabriel. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Teresa | 6 February 1937 | Daughter of Alfonso, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Maria Immaculata | 25 June 1937 | Daughter of Prince Gabriel. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Inés Maria | 18 February 1940 | Daughter of Alfonso, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Béatrice | 16 June 1950 | Daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Castro. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Anne | 24 April 1957 | Daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Castro. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Maria Carolina | 18 July 1962 | Daughter of Prince Antoine. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Cristina | 15 March 1966 | Daughter of Carlos, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess María | 5 April 1967 | Daughter of Carlos, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Inés | 20 April 1971 | Daughter of Carlos, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Anna Cecilia | 24 December 1971 | Daughter of Prince Casimir. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Maria Annunziata | 4 March 1973 | Daughter of Prince Antoine. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Elena Sofia | 10 September 1973 | Daughter of Prince Casimir. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Victoria | 24 May 1976 | Daughter of Carlos, Duke of Calabria. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Anna Sophia | 9 April 1999 | Daughter of Prince Luís. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Maria-Carolina, Duchess of Calabria | 23 June 2003 | Daughter and Heir apparent of Carlo, Duke of Castro. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Maria Chiara | 1 January 2005 | Daughter of Carlo, Duke of Castro. Title held from birth. | |
| Princess Dorothée | 10 May 2005 | Daughter of Prince François. Title held from birth. |
By marriage[edit]
| Princess | Date of Birth | Date of Death | Husband | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maria Isabella, Queen of the Two Sicilies | 6 July 1789 | 13 September 1848 | Francis I | Title held from her father-in-law's ascension to her husband's ascension in 1825 |
| Clementina, Princess of Salerno | 1 March 1798 | 3 September 1881 | Leopold, Prince of Salerno | Title held from her father-in-law's ascension to her death |
| Maria, Countess of Syracuse | 29 September 1814 | 2 January 1874 | Leopold, Count of Syracuse | Title held from her marriage in 1837 to her death |
| Januária Maria, Princess Imperial of Brazil and Countess of Aquila | 11 March 1822 | 13 March 1901 | Louis, Count of Aquila | Title held from her marriage in 1844 to her death |
| Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani | 21 May 1834 | 14 July 1901 | Francis, Count of Trapani | Title held from her marriage in 1850 to her death |
| Maria Sophie, Queen of the Two Sicilies | 4 October 1841 | 19 January 1925 | Francis II | Title held from her marriage in 1859 to her husband's ascension three months later |
| Mathilde Ludovika, Countess of Trani | 30 September 1843 | 18 June 1925 | Louis, Count of Trani | Title held from her marriage in 1861 to her death |
| Maria Antonietta, Countess of Caserta* | 16 March 1851 | 12 September 1938 | Alfonso, Count of Caserta | Title held from birth to death |
| Isabella, Princess of Asturias and Countess of Girgenti | 20 December 1851 | 23 April 1931 | Gaetan, Count of Girgenti | Title held from her marriage in 1868 to her death |
| Maria Ludwiga Theresia, Duchess of Calabria | 6 July 1872 | 10 June 1954 | Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria | Title held from her marriage in 1897 to her death |
| Mercedes, Princess of Asturias | 11 September 1880 | 17 October 1904 | Prince Carlos | Title held from her marriage in 1901 to her death |
| Princess Louise | 24 February 1882 | 18 April 1958 | Prince Carlos | Title held from her marriage in 1907 to her death |
| Maria Carolina, Duchess of Castro | 22 September 1896 | 9 May 1968 | Ranieri, Duke of Castro | Title held from her marriage in 1923 to her death |
| Princess Marie Louise | 31 December 1896 | 8 March 1973 | Prince Philip | Title held from her marriage in 1916 to her divorce in 1925 |
| Princess Malgorzata Izabella | 17 August 1902 | 8 March 1929 | Prince Gabriel | Title held from her marriage in 1927 to her death |
| Princess Cecylia | 28 June 1907 | 20 September 2001 | Prince Gabriel | Title held from her marriage in 1932 to her death |
| Alicia, Duchess of Calabria | 13 November 1917 | 28 March 2017 | Alfonso, Duke of Calabria | Title held from her marriage in 1936 to her death |
| Chantal, Duchess of Castro | 10 January 1925 | 24 May 2005 | Ferdinand, Duke of Castro | Title held from her marriage in 1949 to her death |
| Princess Elisabeth | 2 February 1933 | Prince Antoine | Title held from her marriage in 1958 | |
| Princess Maria Cristina | 12 September 1933 | Prince Casimir | Title held from her marriage in 1967 | |
| Anne, Duchess of Calabria | 4 December 1938 | Carlos, Duke of Calabria | Title held from her marriage in 1965 | |
| Princess Alexandra | 2 June 1967 | Prince François | Title held from her marriage in 2000 | |
| Camilla, Duchess of Castro | 5 April 1971 | Carlo, Duke of Castro | Title held from her marriage in 1998 | |
| Princess Christine | 20 May 1969 | Prince Luís | Title held from her marriage in 1998 |
See also[edit]
- List of monarchs of the Two Sicilies
- List of consorts of the Two Sicilies
- Descendants of Louis XIV of France
References[edit]
- ^ Opfell, Olga S. (2001). Royalty Who Wait: The 21 Heads of Formerly Regnant Houses of Europe. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. pp. 37–8. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
- ^ "Riconciliazione in Casa Borbone: unità per l'Ordine Costantiniano di San Giorgio?". Notiziario Araldico. 25 January 2014.
- ^ "Borbone: Finalmente la riconciliazione". Prliament of the Two Sicilies. 25 January 2014.
- ^ New Rules of Succession decreed for the Royal House of Bourbon Two Sicilies
- ^ Gigi Del Fiore (30 May 2016). "Pedro, l'abusivo spagnolo". Dagospia.
External links[edit]
- Real Casa di Borbone delle Due Sicilie - official website of the Neapolitan branch of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
- Real Casa Borbone Due Sicilie - official website of the Spanish branch of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
- Associazione per i Siti Reali e le Residenze Borboniche
