Hova (Madagascar)
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The Hova, or free commoners, were one of the three principal historical castes in the Merina Kingdom of Madagascar, alongside the Andriana and Andevo. The term hova originally applied to all members o
A Hova man, or free commoner, of the Merina people in 1896.
Kotokeli, a Hova boy, Madagascar 1911-1912.
Andevo
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The Andevo, or slaves, were one of the three principal historical castes among the Merina people of Madagascar, alongside the social strata called the Andriana and Hova. The Andevo, along with the oth
Malagasy slaves (Andevo) carrying Queen Ranavalona I of Madagascar