1.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
2.
North Carolina
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North Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U. S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties, the most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City. The state has a range of elevations, from sea level on the coast to 6,684 feet at Mount Mitchell. The climate of the plains is strongly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the falls in the humid subtropical climate zone. More than 300 miles from the coast, the western, mountainous part of the state has a highland climate. North Carolina is bordered by South Carolina on the south, Georgia on the southwest, Tennessee on the west, Virginia on the north, the United States Census Bureau places North Carolina in the South Atlantic division of the southern region. So many ships have been lost off Cape Hatteras that the area is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, the most famous of these is the Queen Annes Revenge, which went aground in Beaufort Inlet in 1718. The coastal plain transitions to the Piedmont region along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, the Piedmont region of central North Carolina is the states most populous region, containing the six largest cities in the state by population. It consists of rolling countryside frequently broken by hills or low mountain ridges. The Piedmont ranges from about 300 feet in elevation in the east to about 1,500 feet in the west, the western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, the Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet, the highest point east of the Mississippi River. North Carolina has 17 major river basins, the five basins west of the Blue Ridge Mountains flow to the Gulf of Mexico, while the remainder flow to the Atlantic Ocean. Of the 17 basins,11 originate within the state of North Carolina, but only four are contained entirely within the states border – the Cape Fear, the Neuse, the White Oak, and the Tar-Pamlico basin. Elevation above sea level is most responsible for temperature change across the state, the climate is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream, especially in the coastal plain. These influences tend to cause warmer winter temperatures along the coast, the coastal plain averages around 1 inch of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all. North Carolina experiences severe weather in summer and winter, with summer bringing threat of hurricanes, tropical storms, heavy rain
3.
North Carolina's 6th congressional district
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NOTE, This districts boundaries were changed in 2016. This map is not presently accurate, north Carolinas 6th congressional district is located in north central portion of the state and borders Virginia. As a result of reapportionment following the 2010 census, the district was shifted northward by the Redistricting Committee of the NC Senate. The 6th district includes portions of Guilford, Alamance, Durham, Granville, and Orange counties, and all of Caswell, Person, Rockingham, Surry, the district is represented by Mark Walker, a Republican. He has held this position since 2015, from 2003 to 2013 the 6th District comprised all of Moore and Randolph counties and portions of Alamance, Davidson, Guilford, and Rowan counties. North Carolinas congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
4.
Charles Robin Britt
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Charles Robin Britt is a former Member of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolinas 6th congressional district. A Democrat, he served one term from 1983 to 1985, Britt grew up in Asheville, North Carolina and graduated from Enka High School in 1959. He received a B. A. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1963 and he was admitted to the North Carolina bar in 1973 and commenced practice in Greensboro. From 1963 until 1984, he was a member of the United States Naval Reserve, Britt was a delegate to the North Carolina State Democratic convention in 1980. In 1982, he was elected to Congress from a Greensboro-based district, Britt sought a rematch against Coble in 1986, and lost by only 79 votes—by far the closest margin in any congressional election that year. Britt served as president and director of Project Uplift in Greensboro, N. C. Britt attempted a comeback in 2002 in the newly drawn 13th district, which contained parts of Greensboro. However, Britt was soundly defeated in the Democratic primary by Brad Miller of Raleigh
5.
Mark Walker (North Carolina politician)
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Bradley Mark Walker is an American politician and pastor from the state of North Carolina. A Republican, Walker has represented North Carolinas 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives since 2014, in 2017, Walker was elected to head the Republican Study Committee. Walker was born on May 20,1969, in Dothan and his father was an Independent Baptist minister, was the chaplain of a prison in Alabama. Walker eventually attended Trinity Baptist College for a time before moving with his family to Houston, from there, Walker moved to the Piedmont Triad. He worked in business and finance for several years, Walker eventually returned to college to pursue the ministry and attend Piedmont Baptist College, now Piedmont International University, graduating with a B. A. in Biblical Studies. Walker was ordained in the Southern Baptist denomination and his career in ministry began at Calvary Baptist Church in Winston-Salem. From there he has worked for and led churches in North Carolina and he has served as a worship pastor, executive pastor and lead pastor. In 2008, Walker started with Lawndale Baptist Church in Greensboro as its Pastor of Arts, the church has a membership of several thousand congregants. Walkers 2014 campaign slogan was People Before Politics, following the primary election, Walker and Phil Berger, Jr. advanced to a runoff election. Despite finishing second in the May primary, Walker unexpectedly won the election by a significant margin. He is an opponent of the Affordable Care Act, and has led the conservative Republican Study Committees efforts to repeal the health care reform legislation. He has called for repeal of the legislation, and criticized 2015 Republican-sponsored legislation that would repeal only part of the act. During the 2016 presidential election, Walker called some of Republican nominee Donald Trumps remarks morally reprehensible, nevertheless, Walker still backed Trump over his Democratic opponent, Hillary Clinton. Walker opposed Trumps proposal to create a registry to track American Muslims. In December 2016, Walker was one of only 33 Republican U. S, Representatives to vote no on a short-term stopgap funding measure that would appropriate millions of dollars in federal disaster relief spending in the wake of Hurricane Matthew. Walker said that he opposed such stopgap funding bills and he also worked with fellow Representative Alma Adams, a Democrat from North Carolina, to start an internship program for students from HBCUs. He is supportive of justice reform initiatives, and has called for a shift in Republican approach to this issue. In 2017, Walker became co-chair of the Congressional Prayer Caucus, Walker has played for the Republicans in the annual Congressional Baseball Game, serving as pitcher in the 2016 game
6.
North Carolina House of Representatives
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The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, in the 2017–2018 session, the Republican Party holds a 74–46 majority over the Democratic Party, compared to a 74-45 Republican majority in the 2015-2016 session. This is down from a 77-43 Republican majority in the 2013-2014 session, prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons. Source, NC General Assembly official site North Carolina Senate Official House site Project Vote Smart – State House of North Carolina
7.
Greensboro, North Carolina
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Greensboro is a city in the U. S. state of North Carolina. It is the third-largest city by population in North Carolina and the county seat and largest city in Guilford County, as of the 2010 census, the city population was 269,666, and in 2015 the estimated population was 285,342. Three major interstate highways in the Piedmont region of central North Carolina were built to intersect at this city, in 1808, Greensborough was planned around a central courthouse square to succeed Guilford Court House as the county seat. In 2003, the previous Greensboro – Winston-Salem – High Point metropolitan statistical area was re-defined by the U. S. Office of Management and this region was separated into the Greensboro-High Point MSA and the Winston-Salem MSA. The 2010 population for the Greensboro-High Point MSA was 723,801, the combined statistical area of Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, popularly referred to as the Piedmont Triad, had a population of 1,599,477. At the time of European encounter, the inhabitants of the area that became Greensboro were a Siouan-speaking people called the Saura, other indigenous cultures had occupied this area for thousands of years, typically settling along the waterways, as did the early settlers. Quaker migrants from Pennsylvania, by way of Maryland, arrived at Capefair in about 1750, the new settlers began organized religious services affiliated with the Cane Creek Friends Meeting in Snow Camp in 1751. Three years later,40 Quaker families were granted approval to establish New Garden Monthly Meeting, the settlement grew rapidly during the next three years, adding members from as far away as Nantucket in Massachusetts. It soon became the most important Quaker community in North Carolina and mother of several other Quaker meetings that were established in the state and west of the Appalachians. After the Revolutionary War, the city of Greensboro was named for Major General Nathanael Greene, although the Americans lost the battle, Greenes forces inflicted heavy casualties on the British Army of General Cornwallis. Following this battle, Cornwallis withdrew his troops to a British coastal base in Wilmington, Greensboro was established near the geographic center of Guilford County, on land that was an unbroken forest with thick undergrowth of huckleberry bushes, that bore a finely flavored fruit. Property for the village was purchased from the Saura for $98. Three north-south streets were laid out intersecting with three east-west streets, the courthouse was built at the center of the intersection of Elm and Market streets. By 1821, the town was home to 369 residents, stimulated by rail traffic and improved access to markets, the city grew substantially, soon becoming known as the Gate City due to its role as a transportation hub for the Piedmont. The railroads transported goods to and from the textile mills. Many of the manufacturers developed workers housing in mill villages near their facilities, Textile companies and related businesses continued into the 21st century, when most went bankrupt, reorganized, and/or merged with other companies as textile manufacturing jobs moved offshore. Greensboro is still a center of the textile industry, with the main offices of International Textile Group, Galey & Lord, Unifi. ITG Brands, maker of Kool, Winston and Salem brand cigarettes, is the third largest tobacco company in the United States and is headquartered in Greensboro, rail traffic continues to be important for the citys economy, as Greensboro is a major regional freight hub
8.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
9.
Alma mater
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Alma mater is an allegorical Latin phrase for a university or college. In modern usage, it is a school or university which an individual has attended, the phrase is variously translated as nourishing mother, nursing mother, or fostering mother, suggesting that a school provides intellectual nourishment to its students. Before its modern usage, Alma mater was a title in Latin for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele. The source of its current use is the motto, Alma Mater Studiorum, of the oldest university in continuous operation in the Western world and it is related to the term alumnus, denoting a university graduate, which literally means a nursling or one who is nourished. The phrase can also denote a song or hymn associated with a school, although alma was a common epithet for Ceres, Cybele, Venus, and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with mater in classical Latin. Alma Redemptoris Mater is a well-known 11th century antiphon devoted to Mary, the earliest documented English use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when University of Cambridge printer John Legate began using an emblem for the universitys press. In English etymological reference works, the first university-related usage is often cited in 1710, many historic European universities have adopted Alma Mater as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The University of Bologna Latin name, Alma Mater Studiorum, refers to its status as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. At least one, the Alma Mater Europaea in Salzburg, Austria, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its ties to the founding of the United States. At Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, the ancient Roman world had many statues of the Alma Mater, some still extant. Modern sculptures are found in prominent locations on several American university campuses, outside the United States, there is an Alma Mater sculpture on the steps of the monumental entrance to the Universidad de La Habana, in Havana, Cuba. Media related to Alma mater at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of alma mater at Wiktionary Alma Mater Europaea website
10.
Appalachian State University
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Appalachian State University /ˌæpəˈlætʃən/ is a comprehensive, public, coeducational university in Boone, North Carolina, United States. Appalachian State was founded as a college in 1899 by brothers B. B. and D. D. It expanded to other programs in 1967, and joined the University of North Carolina system in 1971. It is the sixth largest institution with about 16,000 undergraduate and 1,600 graduate students. It offers 174 undergraduate and 37 graduate majors as well as a degree in educational leadership. The university has ranked among the top 10 Southern Masters Universities since the U. S. News. Land was donated by Daniel B, Dougherty, father of the leaders in the enterprise, and by J. F. Hardin. On this site a wood building, costing $1,000, was erected by contributions from citizens of the town. In the fall of 1899, the Dougherty brothers, acting as co-principals, the first year saw 53 students enrolled in three grades. In 1903, after interest in the school had spread to adjoining counties and he traveled to the state capital, Raleigh, after drafting a bill. Newland of Caldwell County introduced the bill in the North Carolina Legislature to make this a school, with an appropriation for maintenance. Captain E. F. Lovill of Watauga County, R. B, white of Franklin County, Clyde Hoey of Cleveland County and E. J. Justice of McDowell County spoke in favor of the measure. On March 9,1903, the bill became law, the school opened on October 5,1903 with $2,000 from the state and 325 students. For 22 years, there was a period of growth, academic development. In 1925, the changed the name to the Appalachian State Normal School and appropriated additional funding for maintenance. Four years later, in 1929, the became a four-year degree granting institution and was renamed Appalachian State Teachers College. Over 1,300 students were enrolled in programs offered for primary grades education, physical education, math, English, science. Appalachian attained national standards by becoming accredited by the American Association for Teacher Education in 1939, in 1948 a Graduate School was formed
11.
Guilford College
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Guilford College is a small liberal arts college in Greensboro, North Carolina. Guilford has both traditional students and students who attend its Center for Continuing Education, Guilford College is the only Quaker-founded college in the southeastern United States. Opening in 1837 as New Garden Boarding School, the became a four-year liberal arts college in 1888. Levi Coffin, a well-known abolitionist, Quaker, and political dissenter grew up on the land, the woods of New Garden, which still exist on campus today, were used as a meeting point for the Underground Railroad in the 19th century, run by Coffin. Guilford competes as an NCAA Division III as an Old Dominion Athletic Conference member, the school has won five national championships, including the 1973 NAIA mens basketball title, the 1981 NAIA womens tennis title and the 1989,2002 and 2005 mens golf titles. In the past decade, Guilfords Bryan Series has brought many speakers to the campus. Past speakers have included Desmond Tutu, Mikhail Gorbachev, Colin Powell, Madeleine Albright, Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Ken Burns, Mary Robinson, David McCullough, and Toni Morrison. The 2008–09 Bryan Series lecturers were Khaled Hosseini, Christiane Amanpour and James Rubin, Salman Rushdie, the 2009–10 lecturers were Garry Trudeau, Paul Krugman, Anna Deavere Smith, David Gregory, and Yo-Yo Ma. Every summer, the hosts the five-week-long Eastern Music Festival. Each year, EMF features more than 70 concerts and music-related events on-, the largest campus-wide event of the year is Serendipity, held annually in the spring. It began in 1972 as a replacement to the somewhat antiquated May Day festivities, and has featured games, musical performances, and general mayhem. During its peak in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the festival was attended by Guilford students and alumni. Despite the fact that Serendipity is considered by alum to be a hallmark of the Guilford experience, as of December 2014, following concerns expressed by the interim Dean of Students Jenn Agor about music festival culture, school officials have begun to discuss to possibility of discontinuing the tradition. This has led to a sizable student backlash, the dispute over Serendipity is indicative of the tensions between the very liberal student body and its more conservative administration. Con This event has been occurring annually since 2001, Major guests include a host of webcomic creators and wrock bands. The most recent Con, held February 10–12,2012, attracted around 300 attendees, peak attendance has been around 500 people. Long time high school Athletic Director and football coach, member of the New Jersey Coaches Hall of Fame. Tony Womack,1992, Major League Baseball player David M. Dobson, David Hammond, notable director, is a Theater Studies Professor at Guilford
12.
University of North Carolina School of Law
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The University of North Carolina School of Law is a professional school within the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Established in 1845, Carolina Law is among the oldest law schools in the nation and is the oldest law school in North Carolina and it is consistently ranked in the top-tier of law schools, and its 2014 US News and World Report ranking is 31st. Further, according to the US News and World Report, Carolina Law is among the top 10 public law schools in the Nation -- and 17th in reputation among lawyers and judges and 20th among scholars. In 2013, U. S. News & World Report also ranked Carolina Law 2nd in the nation on “return on investment” for its J. D. program. The law school has just over 700 students at any time, the entering class of first-year law students in 2013 was composed of 238 students from 28 states, the District of Columbia, and China. Seventy percent of students were from North Carolina, and students of color made up 24 percent of the class, men and women were each 50 percent of the class. UNC Law has increased their tuition 71% for in-state residents since 2007-2008 at a time when law school graduates have faced a sharply declining legal job market. According to UNCs 2013 ABA-required disclosures, 69% of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time, long-term, in 1845, William Horn Battle was named the first professor of law, and legal instruction began at the university. In the years following, assistant professors and later an organized faculty, in 1915, Margaret Berry became the first female to graduate from the law school. In the 1920s, the school taking on much of the character of a modern law school. University President Harry Woodburn Chase was instrumental in leading the efforts for this reorganization over notable opposition, in 1951, Harvey Beech, J. Kenneth Lee, Floyd McKissick and James Robert Walker Jr. were the first four black students enrolled at the law school in June 1951. McKissick and other students had argued in court that a state law school for blacks in Durham was not equal to that in Chapel Hill. In March 1951, a U. S. Court of Appeals agreed and ordered UNC to stop excluding black applicants, sylvia X. Allen became the first black female student to graduate in 1962, and did so as the mother of six children. The law school is located in Van Hecke-Wettach Hall, towards the southeastern side of the Chapel Hill campus, neighboring the School of Government. Van Hecke-Wettach Hall includes the Kathrine R. Everett Law Library, charles Daye, Deputy Director Center on Poverty, Work & Opportunity - Gene Nichol, Director. Center for Law and Government - Michael J. Civil Clinic, juvenile Justice Clinic, third year law students defend and represent juvenile defendants. Immigration Law and Policy Clinic Consumer Financial Transaction Clinic Domestic Violence Representation Project The school is home to five student-edited law journals, the oldest, the North Carolina Law Review, was founded in 1922. This journal features an annual North Carolina issue reviewing developments in the states law, the total cost of attendance at UNC for the 2013-2014 academic year is $44,983 for NC residents and $61,614 for out-of-state students
13.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
14.
United States Coast Guard
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The United States Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the countrys seven uniformed services. This has happened twice, in 1917, during World War I, created by Congress on 4 August 1790 at the request of Alexander Hamilton as the Revenue Marine, it is the oldest continuous seagoing service of the United States. As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue Marine, by the 1860s, the service was known as the U. S. Revenue Cutter Service and the term Revenue Marine gradually fell into disuse, the modern Coast Guard was formed by a merger of the Revenue Cutter Service and the U. S. Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915, under the U. S. Department of the Treasury. As one of the five armed services, the Coast Guard has been involved in every U. S. war from 1790 to the Iraq War. As of 2014 the Coast Guard had over 36,000 men and women on duty,7,350 reservists,29,620 auxiliarists. In terms of size, the U. S. Coast Guard by itself is the worlds 12th largest naval force. Because of its authority, the Coast Guard can conduct military operations under the U. S. Department of Defense or directly for the President in accordance with Title 14 USC 1–3. The Coast Guards enduring roles are maritime safety, security, to carry out those roles, it has 11 statutory missions as defined in 6 U. S. C. §468, which include enforcing U. S. law in the worlds largest exclusive economic zone of 3.4 million square miles, the Coast Guards motto is the Latin phrase, Semper Paratus. In a 2005 article in Time magazine following Hurricane Katrina, the author wrote, the Coast Guards most valuable contribution to may be as a model of flexibility, and most of all, spirit. Wil Milam, a swimmer from Alaska told the magazine, In the Navy. Practicing for war, training for war, in the Coast Guard, it was, take care of our people and the mission will take care of itself. The Coast Guard carries out three basic roles, which are subdivided into eleven statutory missions. Both agencies maintain rescue coordination centers to coordinate this effort, and have responsibility for military and civilian search and rescue. The two services jointly provide instructor staff for the National Search and Rescue School that trains SAR mission planners and coordinators, previously located on Governors Island, New York, the school is now located at Coast Guard Training Center Yorktown at Yorktown, Virginia. The NRC also takes Maritime Suspicious Activity and Security Breach Reports, details on the NRC organization and specific responsibilities can be found in the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan. The Marine Information for Safety and Law Enforcement database system is managed and used by the Coast Guard for tracking pollution, the five uniformed services that make up the U. S
15.
United States Coast Guard Reserve
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The United States Coast Guard Reserve is the reserve component of the United States Coast Guard. It is organized, trained, administered, and supplied under the direction of the Commandant of the Coast Guard through the Director of Reserve, the Coast Guard Reserve is an accessible pool of talent that enhances the depth and breadth of our readiness for these 21st-century challenges. Foremost, the Coast Guard Reserve must be ready for call-up at any time to provide surge capacity during such contingencies, Training, including normal drill periods and two-week annual active duty, will focus on building and honing the skills and knowledge required for these mobilization duties. Secondly, by virtue of full integration into shore-based units, reservists are available as a force for the continuum of traditional Coast Guard missions. Their employment in day-to-day operations should be structured to complement mobilization readiness requirements, individual reservists have an equal stake in acquiring and keeping current the competencies they must bring to contingency duties. Through unity of effort, we ensure that the Coast Guard Reserve is a relevant, strong force multiplier, available to deploy at a moment’s notice to secure. The United States Coast Guard Reserve was originally established on 23 June 1939 as a civilian reserve, persons joining the Coast Guard after 1 February 1942 were signed on as Regular Reservists and were obligated to serve for the duration plus six months. These Reservists served in every type of job that the Coast Guard had been tasked, the Womens Reserve was authorized by act of Congress on 23 November 1942 and soon became known as SPARS, derived from the Coast Guards Motto, Semper Paratus, Always Ready. SPARS served in administrative, maintenance and training functions in the United States, lieutenant Commander Dorothy C. Stratton was selected to head the SPAR Program and is credited with naming the group. Because all of the personnel inducted in the Coast Guard after the start of the war were Reservists, an additional 125,000 Temporary Reservists also contributed to the war effort. At the end of the war most Reservists were released to inactive duty or discharged, the SPARS were disbanded in July 1947. Due to increased tensions during the Korean War period, the SPARS were re-established in 1949, the first units were known as ORTUPS and consisted of reserve officers and enlisted training in port security operations. Meetings were generally held once a week for 4 hours on a week night, four hours paid the reservist the equivalent of one days pay for active duty Coast Guardsmen. There were 35 ORTUPS Units and 8300 Reservists serving by July 1951, during the Vietnam War period and shortly thereafter, the Coast Guard considered abandoning the Reserve program, but the force was instead reoriented into force augmentation. The Coast Guard Reserve reached its peak strength of 17,815 in 1969, in 1973 the Reserve exercised its first involuntary recall in support of flood operations in the Midwest. The next involuntary recall was in support of the Mariel Boat Lift exodus from Cuba in 1980, Reserve Units were increasingly used to augment regular Coast Guard operations during the 1980s but the mission of the Reserves was still training for mobilization. Most of the enlisted reservists in a PSU are in the Maritime Enforcement Specialist rating, the ME rating was the old Port Security Specialist rating, a reserve only rating that was integrated into the ME rating. Other rates assigned to the PSUs include Boatswains Mate, Machinery Technician, Gunners Mate, Yeoman, Storekeeper, in 1990, the first PSU was called up to active duty to support Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm
16.
Captain (United States O-6)
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The predecessors of the NOAA Corps, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps and the Environmental Science Services Administration Corps, also used the rank. In the United States Navy, captain is an officer rank. It ranks above commander and below rear admiral and it is equivalent to the rank of colonel in the other uniformed services. Promotion to captain is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 or its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act, Navy captains with sea commands in the surface warfare officer community generally command ships of cruiser size or larger. The more senior the officer, the larger the ship, others may hold command as commodores of destroyer squadrons consisting of multiple destroyers and frigates. Surface Warfare Officers may also command large amphibious warfare ships or combat support ships. Today, like their surface warfare counterparts, captains in the community may serve as commodores of submarine squadrons. A smaller cohort outside of sea and shore commands may also serve as astronauts on loan to the National Aeronautics, in the Naval Special Warfare Sea Air Land community, captains with sea commands are typically commodores in command of Naval Special Warfare Groups. In addition, in the strike group, the Marine Expeditionary Unit commanding officer will always be a Marine Corps colonel. Adding to the confusion, all commanding officers of commissioned U. S. Navy warships and submarines are called captain regardless of actual rank. The United States Coast Guard also uses the same rank system for its commissioned officers as the U. S. Navy, with a Coast Guard captain ranking above a commander. The sleeve and shoulder board insignia are similar to the Navy insignia, the Coast Guard has no staff corps officers. Like the U. S. Navy, all commanding officers of commissioned cutters are addressed as captain regardless of their actual rank, seagoing NOAA captains command certain National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ships, while NOAA aviators command NOAA flight operations activities. USPHS rapid deployment force teams, containing 105 USPHS physicians, nurses, although it exists largely as a maritime training organization, the United States Maritime Service also uses the rank of captain. Captain DA Pamphlet 600–3, Commissioned Officer Professional Development and Career Management
17.
Korean War
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The Korean War began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal force, China came to the aid of North Korea, and the Soviet Union gave some assistance. Korea was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, as a result of an agreement with the United States, U. S. forces subsequently moved into the south. By 1948, as a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea was split into two regions, with separate governments, both governments claimed to be the legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither side accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces—supported by the Soviet Union, on that day, the United Nations Security Council recognized this North Korean act as invasion and called for an immediate ceasefire. On 27 June, the Security Council adopted S/RES/83, Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea and decided the formation, twenty-one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the UN force, with the United States providing 88% of the UNs military personnel. After the first two months of war, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter, in September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many North Korean troops. Those who escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced back north all the way to the border with China at the Yalu River, at this point, in October 1950, Chinese forces crossed the Yalu and entered the war. Chinese intervention triggered a retreat of UN forces which continued until mid-1951, after these reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of fighting became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate, North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in combat for the first time in history. The fighting ended on 27 July 1953, when an armistice was signed, the agreement created the Korean Demilitarized Zone to separate North and South Korea, and allowed the return of prisoners. However, no treaty has been signed, and the two Koreas are technically still at war. Periodic clashes, many of which are deadly, continue to the present, in the U. S. the war was initially described by President Harry S. Truman as a police action as it was an undeclared military action, conducted under the auspices of the United Nations. In South Korea, the war is referred to as 625 or the 6–2–5 Upheaval. In North Korea, the war is referred to as the Fatherland Liberation War or alternatively the Chosǒn War. In China, the war is called the War to Resist U. S
18.
Durham, North Carolina
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Durham is a city in the U. S. state of North Carolina. It is the county seat of Durham County, though portions also extend into Wake County in the east, the U. S. Census Bureau estimated the citys population to be 251,893 as of July 1,2014. Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area and it is the home of Duke University and North Carolina Central University, and is also one of the vertices of the Research Triangle area. The Eno and the Occoneechi, related to the Sioux and the Shakori and they may have established a village named Adshusheer on the site. The Great Indian Trading Path has been traced through Durham, and Native Americans helped to mold the area by establishing settlements, in 1701, Durhams beauty was chronicled by the English explorer John Lawson, who called the area the flower of the Carolinas. During the mid-1700s, Scots, Irish, and English colonists settled on land granted to George Carteret by King Charles I, early settlers built gristmills, such as West Point, and worked the land. Prior to the American Revolution, frontiersmen in what is now Durham were involved in the Regulator movement, according to legend, Loyalist militia cut Cornwallis Road through this area in 1771 to quell the rebellion. Later, William Johnston, a shopkeeper and farmer, made Revolutionaries munitions, served in the Provincial Capital Congress in 1775. Large plantations, Hardscrabble, Cameron, and Leigh among them, were established in the antebellum period, by 1860, Stagville Plantation lay at the center of one of the largest plantation holdings in the South. There were free African-Americans in the area as well, including several who fought in the Revolutionary War and this road, eventually followed by US Route 70, was the major east-west route in North Carolina from colonial times until the construction of interstate highways. Steady population growth and an intersection with the road connecting Roxboro and Fayetteville made the area near this site suitable for a US Post Office, Durhams location is a result of the needs of the 19th century railroad industry. The wood-burning steam locomotives of the time had to frequently for wood and water. Eventually a railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849, sherman occupied the nearby state capital of Raleigh during the American Civil War. The last formidable Confederate Army in the South, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston, was headquartered in Greensboro 50 miles to the west. After the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee at Appomattox, Virginia on April 9,1865, fortunately for Durham, its future had nothing to do with 19th-century politics. As both armies passed through Durham, Hillsborough, and surrounding Piedmont communities, they confiscated the areas Brightleaf Tobacco, the community of Durham Station grew slowly before the Civil War, but expanded rapidly following the war. Much of this attributed to the establishment of a thriving tobacco industry. Veterans returned home after the war, with an interest in acquiring more of the tobacco they had sampled in North Carolina
19.
Pi Kappa Phi
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Pi Kappa Phi is an American Greek Letter secret and social fraternity. It was founded by Andrew Alexander Kroeg Jr. Lawrence Harry Mixson, the fraternity has 179 active chapters, and more than 113,000 initiated members. Pi Kappa Phi operates in four entities, Pi Kappa Phi Fraternity, Pi Kappa Phi Foundation, The Ability Experience, Pi Kappa Phi operates its own philanthropy, The Ability Experience, which works with individual chapters to serve people with disabilities. Pi Kappa Phi was founded in 1904 by Andrew Alexander Kroeg Jr. a 19-year-old senior at the college, Simon Fogarty Jr. a 17-year-old junior, and Lawrence Harry Mixson, all three of the men were from Charleston. In 1904, the College of Charleston was a small, municipal college, the all-male college was the first to be supported solely by city funds, and the eleventh oldest in the United States. The school had a literary society called the Chrestomathics, which held activities such as debates. The colleges monthly magazine was staffed by the officers of the Chrestomathics, the three men set a goal to obtain officer positions within the Chrestomathic Literary Society. At that time, the organization was dominated by the three chapters of fraternities on campus. All fraternity men were sworn to vote for their candidates, making it impossible for any non-fraternity men to win election. Kroeg, Mixson, Fogarty, and a group of their friends, all non-fraternity men, several meetings were held at Mixsons home on Wentworth Street leading to the formation of Nu Phi, which stood for non-fraternity. The group of 15 men developed an opposing slate and began campaigning, Nu Phi adopted the outline of a hand as its secret symbol. A sketched hand on a classroom chalkboard signified an upcoming meeting, inside the hand was written the meeting time and the hosts last name. The Nu Phi group assigned a member to kidnap those who vote for the fraternity ticket on election day. However, the Nu Phi ticket lost the elections, later, it was revealed that several disloyal members cast their votes for the opposing fraternity slate. Kroeg, determined to see his friends have a chance at winning elections, on December 10,1904, a meeting of the loyal Nu Phis was held at Fogartys home at 90 Broad Street to establish a new fraternity. There were seven men in attendance at the meeting, Kroeg, Fogarty, Mixson, Anthony Pelzer Wagener, Thomas F. Mosimann, Theodore Barnwell Kelley, all of the original members were students at the college and had grown up together in Charleston. Wagener, who was a student of Greek and Latin, recommended the letters Pi Kappa Phi, Simon proposed the design of the fraternitys pin, a black enamel diamond with the Greek letters ΠΚΦ engraved in gold with a star and lamp as additional elements. Kroeg was selected as the new chapters first president, which was termed Archon and he then began work on a constitution for chapter
20.
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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However, UNCG, like all members of the UNC system, is a stand-alone university and awards its own degrees. UNCG is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award baccalaureate, masters, specialist, the university offers more than 100 undergraduate,61 masters and 26 doctoral programs. The universitys academic schools and programs include the College of Arts & Sciences, the university is also home to the nationally renowned Weatherspoon Art Museum, which features one of the largest and most impressive collections of modern American art in the country. Credit for the founding of UNCG goes mainly to, a crusader for the cause of womens education, served the institution as its first chief executive officer with the title of President. This position has also seen various names, with the administrator being known as the Dean of Administration after 1934, the school was established as a womens college by legislative enactment on February 18,1891 as the State Normal and Industrial School and opened October 5,1892. The school provided instruction in business, domestic science, and teaching with a student body of 223 and a faculty of 15 in its first year. R. S. Pullen and R. T. Gray gave the original 10-acre site in Greensboro and it is the first and only public university in North Carolina founded for the purpose of educating women. In 1949, it became the largest all-female institution in the United States and it is remembered fondly by many graduates of the Womans College simply as the W. C. The new construction will be a development, with space for retail and restaurants, along with student residence halls. The project will spur economic development in the area. Projections estimate the development will generate more than $590 million in new spending between 2014 and 2023, create 945 new jobs and boost local property revenues by $7.5 million, the expansion has not been without controversy, especially the $91 million athletic center. The athletic center is financed by an annual fee of $435 charged every UNCG student. A personnel scandal erupted in 2014, on September 29, the story was broke on a local blog. University faculty and staff protested the firings and arrests, on October 30, the District Attorney dropped all criminal charges against the three former employees. UNCG defended reporting the incident to authorities, but announced that the former employees had the right to appeal their termination through the personnel grievance system. On October 20,2014, Chancellor Linda Brady announced her retirement effective July 31,2015, Brady said her retirement was not related to the ongoing personnel scandal at the University. On January 27,2015, the head of the public relations department tendered his resignation, UNCG is recognized in Forbes 2010 Americas Best Colleges. Kiplingers ranks UNCG as one of the 100 best values among public, six other North Carolina institutions made the list—Appalachian State, East Carolina, NC State, UNC-Asheville, UNC-Chapel Hill, and UNC-Wilmington
21.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, also known as UNC, or simply Carolina, is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. It is one of the 17 campuses of the University of North Carolina system, the first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12,1795. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study through fourteen colleges, in 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The schools students, alumni, and sports teams are known as Tar Heels, the campus covers 729 acres of Chapel Hills downtown area, encompassing the Morehead Planetarium and the many stores and shops located on Franklin Street. Students can participate in over 550 officially recognized student organizations, the student-run newspaper The Daily Tar Heel has won national awards for collegiate media, while the student radio station WXYC provided the worlds first internet radio broadcast. North Carolina is one of the members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Competing athletically as the Tar Heels, North Carolina has achieved success in sports, most notably in mens basketball, womens soccer. As a result, Womans College was renamed the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, in 1955, UNC Chapel Hill officially desegregated its undergraduate divisions. During World War II, UNC Chapel Hill was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission, during the 1960s, the campus was the location of significant political protest. Prior to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, protests about local racial segregation which began quietly in Franklin Street restaurants led to mass demonstrations, the climate of civil unrest prompted the 1963 Speaker Ban Law prohibiting speeches by communists on state campuses in North Carolina. The law was criticized by university Chancellor William Brantley Aycock and university President William Friday. A group of UNC Chapel Hill students, led by Student Body President Paul Dickson, filed a lawsuit in U. S. federal court, and on February 20,1968, the Speaker Ban Law was struck down. From the late 1990s and onward, UNC Chapel Hill expanded rapidly with a 15% increase in student population to more than 28,000 by 2007. Professor Oliver Smithies was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2007 for his work in genetics, additionally, Aziz Sancar was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2015 for his work in understanding the molecular repair mechanisms of DNA. The current chancellor is Carol Folt, the first woman to hold the post, UNC Chapel Hills 729-acre campus is dominated by two central quads, Polk Place and McCorkle Place. Adjacent to Polk Place is a sunken brick courtyard known as the Pit where students will gather, the Morehead–Patterson Bell Tower, located in the heart of campus, tolls the quarter-hour. In 1999, UNC Chapel Hill was one of sixteen recipients of the American Society of Landscape Architects Medallion Awards and was identified as one of 50 college or university works of art by T. A, gaines in his book The Campus as a Work of Art. The universitys campus is divided into three regions, usually referred to as north campus, middle campus, and south campus
22.
James Holshouser
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James Eubert Holshouser, Jr. was the 68th Governor of the state of North Carolina from 1973 to 1977. He was the first Republican candidate to be elected as governor since 1896, holshousers election reflected the new political realignment of the South. North Carolina had been virtually a one-party, Democratic-dominated state since disfranchisement of blacks in 1899, during the 1960s and 1970s, however, a number of Southern whites began shifting their support to the Republicans. He was likely the beneficiary of coattails from Richard Nixon, who carried North Carolina and 48 other states in the Presidential election on the same ticket, at age 38, Holshouser was also the states youngest governor since the nineteenth century. Holshouser was a moderate Republican, which caused some chagrin among many members of his own party, the governor supported Gerald Ford for president in 1976, while Republican U. S. Senator Jesse Helms supported Ronald Reagan, when Reagan won the North Carolina presidential preference primary of 1976, the Republican state convention refused to appoint Holshouser as a delegate to the Republican National Convention. He could not run for reelection in 1976, after leaving office, Holshouser returned to the practice of law, was elected to the Board of Governors of the University of North Carolina, and later served as a member emeritus. He also served on the Boards of St. Andrews Presbyterian College in Laurinburg, NC, Holshouser eventually became great friends with Democratic Lieutenant Governor Jim Hunt, who succeeded him in 1976. They served together on the North Carolina Advisory Board of DonorsChoose, late in life, Holshouser campaigned alongside Hunt for state-funded judicial elections. He died on the morning of June 17,2013, Holshouser Hall, a residence hall at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, is named in his honor. A stretch of US321 between Boone and Blowing Rock is named for him, professorships were endowed in his honor at both Appalachian State University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Holshouser was honored with the North Carolina Award in 2006, it is the states highest civilian honor
23.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
24.
Ronald Reagan
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Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who was the 40th President of the United States, from 1981 to 1989. Before his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California, from 1967 to 1975, after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader. Raised in a family in small towns of northern Illinois, Reagan graduated from Eureka College in 1932. After moving to Hollywood in 1937, he became an actor, Reagan was twice elected President of the Screen Actors Guild, the labor union for actors, where he worked to root out Communist influence. In the 1950s, he moved into television and was a speaker at General Electric factories. Having been a lifelong Democrat, his views changed and he became a conservative and in 1962 switched to the Republican Party. In 1964, Reagans speech, A Time for Choosing, in support of Barry Goldwaters foundering presidential campaign, Building a network of supporters, he was elected Governor of California in 1966. Entering the presidency in 1981, Reagan implemented sweeping new political, in his first term he survived an assassination attempt, spurred the War on Drugs, and fought public sector labor. During his re-election bid, Reagan campaigned on the notion that it was Morning in America, foreign affairs dominated his second term, including ending of the Cold War, the bombing of Libya, and the Iran–Contra affair. Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an empire, and during his famous speech at the Brandenburg Gate. Jack, a salesman and storyteller, was the grandson of Irish Catholic immigrants from County Tipperary, Reagan had one older brother, John Neil Reagan, who became an advertising executive. As a boy, Reagans father nicknamed his son Dutch, due to his fat little Dutchman-like appearance and Dutchboy haircut, Reagans family briefly lived in several towns and cities in Illinois, including Monmouth, Galesburg, and Chicago. In 1919, they returned to Tampico and lived above the H. C, Pitney Variety Store until finally settling in Dixon. After his election as president, residing in the upstairs White House private quarters, for the time, Reagan was unusual in his opposition to racial discrimination, and recalled a time in Dixon when the local inn would not allow black people to stay there. Reagan brought them back to his house, where his mother invited them to stay the night and have breakfast the next morning, after the closure of the Pitney Store in late 1920 and the familys move to Dixon, the midwestern small universe had a lasting impression on Reagan. Reagan attended Dixon High School, where he developed interests in acting, sports and his first job was as a lifeguard at the Rock River in Lowell Park in 1927. Over a six-year period, Reagan reportedly performed 77 rescues as a lifeguard and he attended Eureka College, a Disciples-oriented liberal arts school, where he became a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity, a cheerleader, and studied economics and sociology. While involved, the Miller Center of Public Affairs described him as an indifferent student and he majored in economics and sociology, and graduated with a C grade
25.
Jim Broyhill
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James Thomas Jim Broyhill is a Republican former U. S. Representative and Senator from the state of North Carolina and he represented much of the Foothills region of the state in the House from 1963 to 1986, and served in the Senate for four months in 1986. He was born in Lenoir, North Carolina, the youngest son of North Carolina furniture magnate J. E. Broyhill, the senior Broyhill was a member of the Republican National Committee for 28 years. However, for most of time the party was almost nonexistent in the former Confederacy. After attending the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jim Broyhill joined his fathers company in 1945 and he was also active in several state industry associations, as well as a civic leader in Lenoir. He made his first run for elected office in 1962 for North Carolinas 9th Congressional District, Broyhill was the unexpected beneficiary of redistricting after the 1960 census, which cost North Carolina a congressional district. In the process, they shifted some strongly Republican areas into the 9th, at the same time, they shifted some strongly Democratic areas of the 9th into the new 8th District designed to defeat Jonas. However, the plan backfired disastrously when Jonas handily defeated 8th District incumbent A. Paul Kitchin, Broyhill never faced another contest nearly that close again. Due to his conservative stances on nearly all issues and an emphasis on taking good care of his constituents. He won reelection by 11 points in the midst of the gigantic Democratic landslide of 1964 and his district was renumbered the 10th in 1969. On June 29,1986, Senator John P. East, Broyhill had already won the Republican nomination for the race to succeed East, and Governor Jim Martin appointed Broyhill to the seat for the remainder of the term. The plan was to give Broyhill an incumbency advantage over the Democratic nominee, however, Sanford narrowly defeated Broyhill in November and took office immediately. Broyhill later served as Chairman of the North Carolina Economic Development Commission, Broyhill remains active in North Carolina Republican politics as an elder statesman. He was inducted into the North Carolina Republican Party Hall of Fame and he now lives in Winston-Salem with his wife, Louise Broyhill. He has a daughter, Marilyn Beach, and two sons, Ed and Phillip and his daughter Marilyn and his son Ed also reside in Winston-Salem. He has six grandchildren, Elizabeth Broyhill Morris, James Broyhill, Penn Broyhill, Laura Beach Dugan, Lindsay Beach and his son Ed was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 5th District in 2004. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
26.
105th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1997, to January 3,1999, during the fifth and sixth years of Bill Clintons presidency. Apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990, both chambers had a Republican majority. President Clinton was impeached by the 105th Congress, may 18,1998, United States v. Res. 611 There was no change in the parties during this Congress, the names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers. There were no changes in Senate membership during this Congress, four members of the House of Representatives died, and four resigned. Casey Chaplain, James David Ford Chief Administrative Officer, Jeff Trandahl Clerk, Robin H. Carle Parliamentarian, Charles W. Johnson Sergeant at Arms, Wilson Livingood Inspector General, John W. S. House of Representatives Statistics & Lists from the U. S. Senate Legislative information from THOMAS at the Library of Congress House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 105th Congress, Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 105th Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 105th Congress
27.
NET Act
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Maximum penalties can be five years in prison with fines. Prior to the enactment of the NET Act in 1997, criminal copyright infringement required that the infringement was for the purpose of commercial advantage or private financial gain. Merely uploading and downloading files on the internet did not fulfill this requirement, the courts dismissal of United States v. LaMacchia suggested that then-existing criminal law simply did not apply to non-commercial infringements. The court suggested that Congress could act to make some non-commercial infringements a crime, in response to the NET Act, the US Sentencing Commission stiffened sanctions for intellectual property infringement. Works related to No Electronic Theft Act at Wikisource Copyright Law of the United States of America Decision in U. S. v. LaMacchia
28.
Tobacco
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Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them. The plant is part of the genus Nicotiana and of the Solanaceae family, while more than 70 species of tobacco are known, the chief commercial crop is N. tabacum. The more potent variant N. rustica is also used around the world, Tobacco contains the alkaloid nicotine, which is a stimulant. Dried tobacco leaves are used for smoking in cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco. They can be consumed as snuff, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco. Tobacco use is a factor for many diseases, especially those affecting the heart, liver. In 2008, the World Health Organization named tobacco as the single greatest preventable cause of death. The English word tobacco originates from the Spanish and Portuguese word tabaco, the precise origin of this word is disputed, but it is generally thought to have derived at least in part, from Taino, the Arawakan language of the Caribbean. In Taino, it was said to either a roll of tobacco leaves or to tabago. Tobacco has long used in the Americas, with some cultivation sites in Mexico dating back to 1400–1000 BC. Many Native American tribes have traditionally grown and used tobacco, traditionally, tobacco is seen as a gift from the Creator, with the ceremonial tobacco smoke carrying ones thoughts and prayers to the Creator. Following the arrival of the Europeans to the Americas, tobacco became popular as a trade item. Hernández de Boncalo, Spanish chronicler of the Indies, was the first European to bring seeds to the Old World in 1559 following orders of King Philip II of Spain. These seeds were planted in the outskirts of Toledo, more specifically in a known as Los Cigarrales named after the continuous plagues of cicadas. Before the development of lighter Virginia and white burley strains of tobacco, small quantities were smoked at a time, using a pipe like the midwakh or kiseru or smoking newly invented waterpipes such as the bong or the hookah. The alleged benefits of tobacco also account for its considerable success, Tobacco smoking, chewing, and snuffing became a major industry in Europe and its colonies by 1700. Tobacco has been a major crop in Cuba and in other parts of the Caribbean since the 18th century. In the late 19th century, cigarettes became popular, James Bonsack created a machine that automated cigarette production
29.
Medical marijuana
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Medical cannabis, or medical marijuana is cannabis and cannabinoids that are prescribed by doctors for their patients. The use of cannabis as a medicine has not been rigorously tested due to production restrictions, there is a limited amount of evidence that suggests cannabis can reduce nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, improve appetite in people with HIV/AIDS, and reduce chronic pain and muscle spasms. Short-term use increases the risk of minor and major adverse effects. Common side effects include dizziness, feeling tired, vomiting, long-term effects of cannabis are not clear. Concerns include memory and cognition problems, risk of addiction, schizophrenia in people. The Cannabis plant has a history of use dating back thousands of years across many cultures. The American Academy of Pediatrics states that while cannabinoids may have potential as therapy for a number of medical conditions and they, along with the American Medical Association and the Minnesota Medical Association, call for moving cannabis out of DEA Schedule I to facilitate this research. Synthetic cannabinoids are available as prescription drugs in some countries, examples include, dronabinol, australia is currently in the process of passing a law which would allow the use of marijuana for medical and scientific purposes. Many different cannabis strains are called medical cannabis. Since many varieties of the plant and plant derivatives all share the same name. A Cannabis plant includes more than 400 different chemicals, of which about 70 are cannabinoids, in comparison, typical government-approved medications contain only 1 or 2 chemicals. The number of chemicals in cannabis is one reason why treatment with cannabis is difficult to classify. A2014 review stated that the variations in ratio of CBD-to-THC in botanical and pharmaceutical preparations determines the therapeutic vs psychoactive effects of cannabis products, Medical cannabis has several potential beneficial effects. Evidence is moderate that it helps in chronic pain and muscle spasms, low quality evidence suggests its use for reducing nausea during chemotherapy, improving appetite in HIV/AIDS, improving sleep, and improving tics in Tourette syndrome. When usual treatments are ineffective, cannabinoids have also recommended for anorexia, arthritis, migraine. The FDA finds that cannabis does not meet the criteria for accepted medical use due to lack of evidence regarding safety and it is recommended that cannabis use be stopped in pregnancy. Medical cannabis is somewhat effective in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and may be an option in those who do not improve following preferential treatment. Long-term cannabis use may cause nausea and vomiting, a known as cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
30.
Alcoholic drink
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Long-term use can lead to alcohol abuse, physical dependence, and alcoholism. Drinking alcohol plays an important social role in many cultures, most countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption, some countries ban such activities entirely. However, alcoholic drinks are legal in most parts of the world, the global alcoholic drink industry exceeded $1 trillion in 2014. Alcohol is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. For instance, in 2015, among Americans, 89% of adults had consumed alcohol at point, 70% had drunk it in the last year. Alcoholic drinks are divided into three classes—beers, wines, and spirits—and typically contain between 3% and 40% alcohol by volume. Discovery of late Stone Age jugs suggest that intentionally fermented drinks existed at least as early as the Neolithic period, wine is a fermented beverage produced from grapes. Wine involves a longer process than beer and also a long aging process. Sparkling wine can be made by means of a secondary fermentation, fruit wines are made from fruits other than grapes, such as plums, cherries, or apples. Sake is an example of rice wine. Beer is a beverage fermented from grain mash and it is made from barley or a blend of several grains. If the fermented mash is distilled, then the drink is a spirit, beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world. Cider or cyder is an alcoholic drink made from any fruit juice, apple juice, peaches. Cider alcohol content varies from 1. 2% ABV to 8. 5% or more in traditional English ciders, in some regions, cider may be called apple wine. Mead is a drink created by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits, spices, grains. The alcoholic content of mead may range from about 8% ABV to more than 20%, the defining characteristic of mead is that the majority of the drinks fermentable sugar is derived from honey. A distilled drink or liquor is a drink produced by distilling ethanol produced by means of fermenting grain, fruit. Unsweetened, distilled, alcoholic drinks that have a content of at least 20% ABV are called spirits
31.
Tea Party Caucus
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The Tea Party Caucus is a congressional caucus of conservative members of the Republican Party in the United States House of Representatives. The now largely inactive Caucus is chaired by Rep. Tim Huelskamp of Kansas, the caucuss members have also advocated socially conservative legislation, supported the right to keep and bear arms, and promoted limited government. The idea of a Tea Party Caucus originated from Rand Paul when he was campaigning for the U. S. Senate in 2010. S, a similar informal Caucus was formed in the Senate by four Senators on January 27,2011. Although the Tea Party is not a party in the sense of the word. An article in Politico stated that many Tea Party activists see the Caucus as an effort by the Republican Party to hijack the movement. C, it’s going to take away from the free-flowing nature of the true tea party movement. In an attempt to quell fears that Washington insiders were attempting to co-opt the Tea Party movement and we are not taking the Tea Party and controlling it from Washington, D. C. We are also not here to vouch for the Tea Party or to vouch for any Tea Party organizations or to vouch for any people or actions. Additionally, Senators Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania and Marco Rubio of Florida, all Tea Party supporters, Toomey said he would be open to joining, and spoke at the first meeting, but did not ultimately join. Johnson said that he declined to join because he wanted to work towards a unified Republican Conference, so thats where I will put my energy. Rubio criticized the caucus, saying My fear has always been if you start creating these little clubs or organizations in Washington run by politicians. From July 2012 to April 2013 the Tea Party Caucus neither met nor posted news on its webpage, leading observers to describe it as dead, inactive, on June 19,2014, Tea Party Caucus member Steve Scalise of Louisiana was elected as the House Majority Whip. The Caucus was reconstituted in the 114th Congress in January 2015, the Tea Party Caucus is often viewed as taking conservative positions, and advocating for both social and fiscal conservatism. Analysis of voting patterns confirm that Caucus members are more conservative than other House Republicans, voting trends to the right of the median Republican, and Tea Party Caucus members represent more conservative, southern and affluent districts. Supporters of the Tea Party movement itself are largely economic driven, Caucus members are an important swing vote on spending bills and as a result have gained influence in Congress out of proportion to their numbers. They are frequently sought after to broker compromises amongst the Republican leadership, since the advent of the Tea Party Caucus in 2010, party-line voting has increased for both Democrats and Republicans. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, the top contributors to the Tea Party Caucus members are professionals, retirees. The average Tea Party Caucus member received more than $25,000 from the oil and gas industry, compared to about $13,000 for the average House member, the Caucus chair was Michele Bachmann of Minnesota between 2010 and her retirement in 2015. Tim Huelskamp was elected as the Caucus second chair in January 2015, of a possible 435 Representatives, as of January 6,2013, the committee had 48 members, all Republicans
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Sue Myrick
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Sue Wilkins Myrick is the former U. S. Representative for North Carolinas 9th congressional district, serving from 1995 to 2013 and she is a member of the Republican Party. She was the first Republican woman to represent North Carolina in Congress, on February 7,2012, she announced that she was retiring. She left Congress in January 2013 and was replaced by Robert Pittenger, Myrick was born in 1941 in Tiffin, Ohio. She graduated from Port Clinton High School in Port Clinton, Ottawa County and she attended Heidelberg University in Tiffin, Seneca County, Ohio between 1959 and 1960. Prior to going into public relations and advertising, she was a Sunday School Teacher, Sue is the former President and CEO of Myrick Advertising and Public Relations and Myrick Enterprises. Myrick ran for a seat on the Charlotte City Council unsuccessfully in 1981, in 1983, she was successfully elected to an At-Large District of the City Council and served until 1985. In 1987, she was elected as the first female Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina. In 1989, when Sue Myrick was running for re-election as mayor of Charlotte, NC, in 1992, she ran for the nomination for a U. S. Senate seat, held by incumbent Democrat U. S. The Republican primary was won by Lauch Faircloth, who defeated Myrick, in 1994, Myrick was elected to the House, succeeding five-term incumbent Alex McMillan. Myrick was overwhelmingly elected to her sixth term in the 2004 Congressional elections, earning 70% of the popular vote. Similarly, she defeated Democrat William Glass in 2006 with almost 67% of the vote, two Charlotte-area Democrats announced challenges to Myrick in 2008 – Harry Taylor and Ross Overby. Myrick defeated Taylor with almost 63% of the vote, on February 7,2012, she announced that she was retiring from Congress. Ideology Myrick was one of the most conservative members of the House and she chaired the Republican Study Committee, a group of House conservatives, in the 108th Congress. Being a cancer survivor herself, she has one of the leading advocates to find a cure for breast cancer. In a February 22,2006, letter to President Bush, Myrick wrote, In regards to selling American ports to the United Arab Emirates and she and her husband, Ed Myrick, have 12 grandchildren and 7 great grandchildren. Her second son, Dan Forest, was elected Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina in 2012
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Walter B. Jones Jr.
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Walter Beaman Jones Jr. is the U. S. Representative for North Carolinas 3rd congressional district, serving since 1995 and he is a member of the Republican Party. The district encompasses the Outer Banks and stretches from areas near the Pamlico Sound down to Wilmington, Jones father was Walter B. Jones Sr. a Democratic Party congressman from the neighboring 1st district. Jones is the son of former U. S. representative Walter B. Jones Sr. Jones is a lifelong resident of Farmville, a small town near Greenville, North Carolina. He worked as an executive with his familys business supply company, Jones was first elected as a Democrat to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1982 and served for five terms, until 1992. He was known in the North Carolina House for his advocacy of campaign finance reform,1992 After his father announced his retirement from Congress in 1992, Jones ran for his fathers seat in North Carolinas 1st congressional district. He ranked first in the Democratic primary with 38% of the vote, in the run-off election, he was defeated by Eva Clayton, Chairwoman of the Warren County Board of Commissioners, by a margin of 55%–45%. Clayton received support from three of the primary candidates and from the African American community. Jones Sr. died before his term expired, and Clayton was elected to served the last two months of his term,1994 In 1994, he switched parties and ran in North Carolinas 3rd congressional district, which had absorbed a large chunk of his fathers former territory. Although Democrats have an advantage in registered voters, the 3rd has always had a very strong social conservative tint. As part of the 1994 Republican takeover of Congress, Jones defeated Lancaster 53%–47%, with his victory, Jones became the first Republican to represent a significant portion of Eastern North Carolina in the House since Reconstruction. 1996–2004 Since 1994, he has won re-election with at least 61% in every general election and his most serious general election challenge came in 2000, when his opponent spent well in excess of $1.4 million in attempting to unseat him. Jones garnered 61% of the vote in that contest, largely helped by George W. Bush winning the 3rd with his highest victory margin in the state. 2006 He was easily re-elected to a 7th term in 2006,2008 Jones change of heart on the Iraq War resulted in him facing serious primary opposition for the first time since his initial run for Congress. He was challenged by Onslow County Commissioner Joe McLaughlin, Jones defeated poorly funded McLaughlin 59%–41%. In the general election, Jones defeated Craig Weber 66%–34%,2010 In the general election, he defeated Johnny Rouse with 73% of the vote. 2012 He faced Frank Palombo, a former New Bern police chief in the Republican primary on May 8 and he won against Marine Corps Veteran Erik Anderson in the general election. 2014 He faced Taylor Griffin, an aide to President George W. Bush
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Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms
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CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
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CBS Overnight News
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CBS Overnight News is an American overnight television news program that is broadcast on CBS during the early morning hours each Monday through Friday. It also featured rebroadcasts of selected stories from CBS News Sunday Morning,48 Hours,60 Minutes, from 2013 to 2015, the program was solo anchored by Anne Marie Green, who also anchored the networks early-morning news program CBS Morning News. Most CBS stations air the CBS Morning News at 4,00 a. m. local time or earlier and its main competitor is ABCs World News Now, which follows a more irreverent format than the more straightforward news style of CBS. Production of Nightwatch was later moved from New York City to Washington, D. C. at which time Charlie Rose and Lark McCarthy became the programs anchors. CBS announced its decision to cancel Nightwatch in early 1992, and replaced it with a news program, Up to the Minute. Regular on-air contributors to Up to the Minute included John Quain and these graphics were updated in 2005,2006,2009, and then again in 2011 to match the current look of the CBS Evening News. In March 2009, when Michelle Gielan was named anchor of Up to the Minute, production of the program was integrated with the CBS Morning News, until then, Up to the Minute had continued to broadcast in standard definition. On June 25,2015, Newsday reported that CBS News had decided to cancel Up to the Minute, up to the Minute ended its run after 23 years on September 18,2015. The CBS Evening News branding remains on the story packages, the Overnight News room is staffed to accommodate breaking news at all times
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Ron Paul
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Ronald Ernest Ron Paul is an American author, physician, and former politician. Representative for Texas 14th and 22nd congressional districts and he represented the 22nd congressional district from 1976 to 1977 and from 1979 to 1985, and then represented the 14th congressional district, which included Galveston, from 1997 to 2013. On three occasions, he sought the presidency of the United States, as the Libertarian Party nominee in 1988 and as a candidate in the Republican primaries of 2008 and 2012. Paul is a critic of the governments fiscal policies, especially the existence of the Federal Reserve and the tax policy, as well as the military–industrial complex. Paul has also been a critic of mass surveillance policies such as the USA PATRIOT Act. Paul was the first chairman of the conservative PAC Citizens for a Sound Economy and has characterized as the intellectual godfather of the Tea Party movement. A native of the Pittsburgh suburb of Green Tree, Pennsylvania, Paul is a graduate of Gettysburg College and the Duke University School of Medicine and he served as a flight surgeon in the U. S. Air Force from 1963 to 1968. He worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist from the 1960s to the 1980s and he became the first Representative in history to serve concurrently with a son or daughter in the Senate when his son, Rand Paul, was elected to the U. S. Senate from Kentucky in 2010. On July 12,2011, Paul announced that he would forgo seeking another term in Congress in order to focus on his presidential bid, at the 2012 Republican National Convention, Paul received 190 delegate votes. In January 2013, Paul retired from Congress but still active on college campuses. Ronald Ernest Paul was born on August 20,1935, in Pittsburgh, the son of Howard Caspar Paul, who ran a dairy company. His paternal grandfather emigrated from Germany, and his paternal grandmother, as a junior at suburban Dormont High School, he was the 200 meter dash state champion. Paul went to Gettysburg College, where he was also a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity and he graduated with a B. S. degree in Biology in 1957. Paul served as a surgeon in the United States Air Force from 1963 to 1965. Paul and his wife relocated to Texas, where he began a private practice in obstetrics. While a medical resident in the 1960s, Paul was influenced by Friedrich Hayeks The Road to Serfdom and he came to know economists Hans Sennholz and Murray Rothbard well, and credits to them his interest in the study of economics. Casey defeated him for the 22nd district, President Gerald Ford later appointed Casey to direct the Federal Maritime Commission, and Paul won an April 1976 special election to the vacant office after a runoff. Paul lost the regular election to Democrat Robert Gammage by fewer than 300 votes, but defeated Gammage in a 1978 rematch
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United States House Committee on the Judiciary
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The U. S. House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the courts, administrative agencies. The Judiciary Committee is also the responsible for impeachments of federal officials. Because of the nature of its oversight, committee members usually have a legal background. In the 115th Congress, the chairman of the committee is Republican Bob Goodlatte of Virginia, in prior years, Lamar S. Smith of Texas was the chairman, and prior to that John Conyers served as chairman. The committee was created on June 6,1813 for the purpose of considering legislation related to the judicial system. Res. 95 Chairman, Jim Sensenbrenner, Ranking member, John Conyers The Antitrust Task Force during the 108th Congress existed from March 26,2003, all Judiciary Committee Members also served as members of the Task Force, and conducted hearings and investigations into consolidation of the Bell Telephone Companies. The task force operated like any other subcommittee, except that it only has a six-month term, a longer term for the task force would cause the Judiciary Committee to exceed this limit. Chairman, Adam Schiff, Ranking member, Bob Goodlatte Established in September 2008, the investigation was not completed by the end of the 110th Congress, and it was reestablished after the 111th Congress convened in January 2009. The responsibilities of the Task Force were expanded to include the case of Judge Samuel B, kent, leading to hearings and his subsequent impeachment by the full House of Representatives. The Task force finally voted to impeach Porteous on January 21,2010, administrative Law, Process and Procedure Project The Use and Misuse of Presidential Clemency Power for Executive Branch Officials Equal Justice for Our Military Act of 2009, HR569. Congress holds a hearing to consider granting members of the U. S, armed Forces access to the Supreme Court of the United States. 109-153, A History of the Committee on the Judiciary 1813–2006
United States
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