1.
Kuomintang
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The Kuomintang of China is a major political party in the Republic of China. It is currently the second-largest in the country, the predecessor of the KMT, the Revolutionary Alliance, was one of the major advocates of the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of a republic. The KMT was founded by Song Jiaoren and Sun Yat-sen shortly after the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, Sun was the provisional president but he did not have military power and ceded the first presidency to the military leader Yuan Shikai. After Yuans death, China was divided by warlords, while the KMT was able to only part of the south. Later led by Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT formed the National Revolutionary Army and it was the ruling party in mainland China from 1928 until its retreat to Taiwan in 1949 after being defeated by the Communist Party of China during the Chinese Civil War. In Taiwan, the KMT continued as the ruling party until the reforms in the late 1970s through the 1990s loosened its grip on power. Since 1987, the Republic of China is no longer a single-party state, however, the KMT is currently the main opposition party in the Legislative Yuan. The guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, advocated by Sun Yat-sen and its party headquarters are located in Taipei. The KMT is a member of the International Democrat Union, the previous president, Ma Ying-jeou, elected in 2008 and re-elected in 2012, was the seventh KMT member to hold the office of the presidency. Together with the People First Party and New Party, the KMT forms what is known as the Taiwanese Pan-Blue Coalition, however, the KMT has been forced to moderate its stance by advocating the political and legal status quo of modern Taiwan. However, since 2008, in order to ease tensions with the PRC, the group planned and supported the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and the founding of the Republic of China on 1 January 1912. However, Sun did not have power and ceded the provisional presidency of the republic to Yuan Shikai. On 25 August 1912, the Nationalist Party was established at the Huguang Guild Hall in Peking, Sun, the then-President of the ROC, was chosen as the party chairman with Huang Xing as his deputy. The party opposed constitutional monarchists and sought to check the power of Yuan, the Nationalists won an overwhelming majority of the first National Assembly election in December 1912. But Yuan soon began to ignore the parliament in making presidential decisions, Song Jiaoren was assassinated in Shanghai in 1913. Yuan, claiming subversiveness and betrayal, expelled adherents of the KMT from the parliament, Yuan dissolved the Nationalists in November and dismissed the parliament early in 1914. Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor in December 1915, in order tonary Party, members must take an oath of personal loyalty to Sun, which many old revolutionaries regarded as undemocratic and contrary to the spirit of the revolution. Thus, many old revolutionaries did not join Suns new organisation, Sun returned to China in 1917 to establish a military junta at Canton, in order to against the Beiyang government, but was soon forced out of office and exiled to Shanghai
2.
Zhubei
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Zhubei City is a county-controlled city and the county seat of Hsinchu County, Taiwan. In 1920, the area of Chikuhoku Station was formerly called Angmo Field, in 1941, Kyūminato Village and Rokka Village merged to become Chikuhoku Village under Shinchiku District, Shinchiku Prefecture. Zhubei was originally a township under Hsinchu County from 1950-1988, in October 1988, Zhubei Township was promoted to a county-controlled city. Zhubei borders Hsinchu City to the southwest, Xinfeng and Hukou Townships to the north, Qionglin and Xinpu to the East, Zhudong to the southeast, and it is the discharge point of the Fongshan River and the Touqian River into the Taiwan Strait. Zhubei has been a city of Hsinchu City since Hsinchu City reformed to become a special municipality in 1982. The citys population was estimated at 176,966 in January 2017, parts of Zhubei City have retained their traditional infrastructure following the demolition of the old city. There are also industrial parks in the city, which are the Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, National Chao Tung University of Zhubei National Taiwan University of Science and Technology of Zhubei. High School National Chu-Pei Senior High School Yi Ming Senior High School THSR Hsinchu Station TRA Zhubei Station National Highway No.1 Zhubei City Government
3.
Taiwan
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Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, is a state in East Asia. Neighbours include China to the west, Japan to the northeast, Taiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy. The island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, was inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before the 17th century. After a brief rule by the Kingdom of Tungning, the island was annexed by the Qing dynasty, the Qing ceded Taiwan to Japan in 1895 after the Sino-Japanese War. While Taiwan was under Japanese rule, the Republic of China was established on the mainland in 1912 after the fall of the Qing dynasty, following the Japanese surrender to the Allies in 1945, the ROC took control of Taiwan. However, the resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the ROCs loss of the mainland to the Communists, and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949. As a founding member of the United Nations, the ROC continued to represent China at the United Nations until 1971, in the early 1960s, Taiwan entered a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization, creating a stable industrial economy. In the 1980s and early 1990s, it changed from a one-party military dictatorship dominated by the Kuomintang to a multi-party democracy with universal suffrage, Taiwan is the 22nd-largest economy in the world, and its high-tech industry plays a key role in the global economy. It is ranked highly in terms of freedom of the press, health care, public education, economic freedom, the PRC has consistently claimed sovereignty over Taiwan and asserted the ROC is no longer in legitimate existence. Under its One-China Policy the PRC refused diplomatic relations with any country that recognizes the ROC, the PRC has threatened the use of military force in response to any formal declaration of independence by Taiwan or if PRC leaders decide that peaceful unification is no longer possible. There are various names for the island of Taiwan in use today, the former name Formosa dates from 1542, when Portuguese sailors sighted the main island of Taiwan and named it Ilha Formosa, which means beautiful island. The name Formosa eventually replaced all others in European literature and was in use in English in the early 20th century. This name was adopted into the Chinese vernacular as the name of the sandbar. The modern word Taiwan is derived from this usage, which is seen in forms in Chinese historical records. Use of the current Chinese name was formalized as early as 1684 with the establishment of Taiwan Prefecture, through its rapid development, the entire Formosan mainland eventually became known as Taiwan. The official name of the state is the Republic of China and it was a member of the United Nations representing China until 1971, when it lost its seat to the Peoples Republic of China. Over subsequent decades, the Republic of China has become known as Taiwan. In some contexts, especially ones from the ROC government
4.
Government of the Republic of China
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This government moved to Beijing in the same year with Yuan Shikai as President, and continued under his successors as the internationally recognized government of China until 1928. In the Republican period, there were a series of governments, the Nationalist government, led by the Kuomintang, was originally formed as a rival military government under Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou in 1917. After Suns death in 1925, Chiang Kai-shek led the Northern Expedition to unify the country and this government gained diplomatic recognition but did not control all the territory of the Qing dynasty. The Tutelage Constitution of 1931 was replaced by the Constitution of the Republic of China in 1947 and this new constitutional government moved to Taipei, Taiwan, in 1949 because of its military losses in the Chinese Civil War. It remains in Taiwan and exercises control over other islands including Penghu, Quemoy, Matsu, Itu Aba, Control of the government had historically been dominated by the Kuomintang, but the situation has changed as the Republic of China evolved into a multi-party democracy. The first Chinese national government was established on January 1,1912, in Nanjing, provincial delegates were sent to confirm the authority of the national government, and they later also formed the first parliament. The power of national government was limited and short-lived, with generals controlling both central and northern provinces of China. The limited acts passed by this government included the formal abdication of the Qing dynasty, Yuan maintained power locally by sending military generals to be provincial governors or by obtaining the allegiance of those already in power. When Yuan died, the parliament of 1913 was reconvened to give legitimacy to a new government, however, the real power of the time passed to military leaders, forming the warlord period. The impotent government still had its use, when World War I began, several Western powers and Japan wanted China to declare war on Germany, there were also several warlord governments and puppet states sharing the same name. See also, Wang Jingwei Government, Warlord era, known as the Nanjing Decade, the government ruled as a one-party state, as laid out by Sun Yat-sens Three Stages of Revolution and his policy of Dang Guo. The first stage was military unification, which was carried out with the Northern Expedition, the second was political tutelage which was a provisional government led by the KMT to educate people about their political and civil rights, and the third stage was constitutional government. The KMT considered themselves to be at the stage in 1928. With the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the invading Imperial Japanese Army managed to capture Nanjing on December 13,1937, the Japanese then proceeded to sack the city, and massacred hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians. With the fall of Nanjing, the government was forced to move first to Wuhan and it retreated further inland to Chongqing, which was the wartime capital until 1945. Although Chongqing was located in the western province of Sichuan. With the end of the war, the National Government moved back to Nanjing, the Kuomintang then proceeded with the drafting of a new constitution for China, which were boycotted by the communists. The Constitution of the Republic of China was adopted by the National Assembly on December 25,1946, the constitution was seen as the third and final step in Sun Yat-sens Three Stages of Revolution - constitutional government
5.
Taipei City Council
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The Taipei City Council is the elected municipal council of Taipei City, Republic of China. The council composes of 63 councilors lastly elected through the 2014 Republic of China local election on 29 November 2014, the Taiwanese local elections,2014 took place on November 29,2014. Since the local elections in 2014, the Council was composed as follows, the Council Chamber was initially located in the Zhongshan Hall in Zhongzheng District. On 3 August 1964, the Council moved to a site on the corner of Zhongxiao West Road and Zhongshan South Road, the building occupied an area of 42,965 m2. In 2016, the Taipei City Government plans to redevelop the former council building into the Taipei City Vision Museum as part of the Taipei museum strip. The building was demolished on 25 February 2016 and reopened to the public as open space on 9 April 2016. The current Council building is located in the History Project Area of Taipei in Xinyi District and it was inaugurated on 8 October 1990. Taipei City Government Sister cities of Taipei
6.
Democratic Progressive Party
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The Democratic Progressive Party is a liberal political party in Republic of China, and the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition. It is currently the majority ruling party, controlling both the presidency and the unicameral Legislative Yuan, founded in 1986, the DPP is one of two major parties in Taiwan, along with the historically dominant Kuomintang. It has traditionally been associated with advocacy of human rights. The current leader is President Tsai Ing-wen, the member of the DPP to hold the office. The DPP is a member of Liberal International and a founding member of the Council of Asian Liberals. It represented Taiwan in the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation, the DPPs roots were in opposition to Kuomintang one-party authoritarian rule. It was founded as the Tangwai – or outside-the-KMT – movement and this movement culminated in the formation of the DPP as an alternative party on September 28,1986 when eighteen founding members met at Grand Hotel Taipei. A total of 132 people joined the party that day, the new party contested the 1986 election even though competing parties remained illegal under national law until the next year. The first members of the party drew heavily from the ranks of members and defense lawyers of political prisoners as well as intellectuals. Such individuals were strongly committed to change that would ensure constitutional support in Taiwan for freedoms of speech, press, assembly. The party did not at the outset give open support to an independent Taiwanese national identity–a move that could have invited a violent crackdown by the Taiwans Kuomintang rulers and its platform was pro-environment and pro-democracy. Party members began openly promoting a national identity for Taiwan separate from that of China, once the DPP had representation in the Legislative Yuan, the party used the legislature as a forum to challenge the government. However, it did not emerge as a force until 1991. Fears that the DPP would one day control of the legislature led then-President Lee Teng-hui to push through a series of amendments to strengthen presidential power. Chen softened the partys stance on independence to appeal to voters, appease the United States. He also promised not to change the ROC state symbols or declare formal independence as long as the Peoples Republic of China did not attack Taiwan. The DPP became the largest party having reached a plurality in the Legislative Yuan for the first time in 2002 following the 2001 legislative election, however, a majority coalition between the KMT, People First Party, and New Party prevented it from taking control of the chamber. In 2004, President Chen Shui-bian was re-elected by a narrow margin and he and Vice President Annette Lu had been involved in an assassination attempt only hours before the election
7.
Pinyin
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Pinyin, or Hànyǔ Pīnyīn, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan. It is often used to teach Standard Chinese, which is written using Chinese characters. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones, Pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written with the Latin alphabet, and also in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters. The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s by many linguists, including Zhou Youguang and it was published by the Chinese government in 1958 and revised several times. The International Organization for Standardization adopted pinyin as a standard in 1982. The system was adopted as the standard in Taiwan in 2009. The word Hànyǔ means the language of the Han people. In 1605, the Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci published Xizi Qiji in Beijing and this was the first book to use the Roman alphabet to write the Chinese language. Twenty years later, another Jesuit in China, Nicolas Trigault, neither book had much immediate impact on the way in which Chinese thought about their writing system, and the romanizations they described were intended more for Westerners than for the Chinese. One of the earliest Chinese thinkers to relate Western alphabets to Chinese was late Ming to early Qing Dynasty scholar-official, the first late Qing reformer to propose that China adopt a system of spelling was Song Shu. A student of the great scholars Yu Yue and Zhang Taiyan, Song had been to Japan and observed the effect of the kana syllabaries. This galvanized him into activity on a number of fronts, one of the most important being reform of the script, while Song did not himself actually create a system for spelling Sinitic languages, his discussion proved fertile and led to a proliferation of schemes for phonetic scripts. The Wade–Giles system was produced by Thomas Wade in 1859, and it was popular and used in English-language publications outside China until 1979. This Sin Wenz or New Writing was much more sophisticated than earlier alphabets. In 1940, several members attended a Border Region Sin Wenz Society convention. Mao Zedong and Zhu De, head of the army, both contributed their calligraphy for the masthead of the Sin Wenz Societys new journal. Outside the CCP, other prominent supporters included Sun Yat-sens son, Sun Fo, Cai Yuanpei, the countrys most prestigious educator, Tao Xingzhi, an educational reformer. Over thirty journals soon appeared written in Sin Wenz, plus large numbers of translations, biographies, some contemporary Chinese literature, and a spectrum of textbooks
8.
Hsinchu
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Hsinchu, officially known as Hsinchu City, is a city in northern Taiwan. Hsinchu is popularly nicknamed The Windy City for its windy climate, Hsinchu is administered as a provincial city within Taiwan. In 1626, after Spain occupied northern Taiwan, Spanish missionaries arrived at Teckcham, the city was first settled by Han Chinese in 1711, during Qing rule. In 1878, Teckcham Subprefecture was converted into a district and renamed Hsinchu, after Fujian-Taiwan Province was established in 1887, Hsinchu was a part of Taipeh Prefecture. By 1904, the city population was 16,371, ranked 7th, following Keelung, in 1920, under Japanese rule, Shinchiku Cho was upgraded to town status. In 1930, the town was renamed as Shinchiku City, under Shinchiku Prefecture, in 1941, its administration district was expanded, annexing Kōzan village, whereas Kyūminato village and Rokka village became Chikuhoku village under the same district. In 1945, the incoming Kuomintang established the Hsinchu City Government to govern Hsinchu-Chou, in 1946, the Take Over Committee dissolved and Hsinchu County Government was formed. Hsinchu County Government was moved to Taoyuan, as the administrative districts were readjusted, it became a provincially governed city, using the original Prefecture office as its legal office, with seven district offices. In February of the year, representative congress was formed in every district. On April 15 the City Congress was formed, provincial Representatives were elected from the city legislators, to become legislative bodies of different levels. On August 16,1950, the districts in Taiwan were re-adjusted once more. In June 1982, under the Presidents order, the Xiangshan Township of Hsinchu County would merge into Hsinchu City, the new government of Hsinchu was legally established on 1 July 1982 with the merging of Xiangshan, with 103 lis, and 1,635 lins. The City Government is located on 120 Chung Cheng Road, the former Prefecture Office, in end of June 1983, there were three Bureaus, four Departments, four offices, and 49 sections under the City Governments organization to provide services for various urban affairs. Affiliate institutions include the Police Department, Tax Department, and Medicine and Hygiene Department, by the end of 1982, the city was classified into East, North and Xiangshan districts. The East, North and Xiangshan district administration offices were posted on October 1, a deputy mayor, consumer officer, and three consultants were added to the city government. In 2002, the city added a Bureau of Labor and transferred Compulsory Military Service to the Department of Civil Service, the city is bordered by Hsinchu County to the north and east, Miaoli County to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the west. The city succumbs to hot weather from June until September. Hsinchu is affected by winds off of the East China Sea
9.
Kaohsiung City Council
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The Kaohsiung City Council is the elected municipal council of Kaohsiung City, Republic of China. The council is composed of 66 councilors elected from single non-transferable vote for four-year terms, the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Council are chosen by fellow councilors through anonymous voting. All councilors are elected by citizens of the city. Citizen aged 23 or above, who has resided in this city for more than four months, the Kaohsiung City Council was originally established in 1946 as Kaohsiung City Senate. In 1951, the senate was reorganized as Kaohsiung City Council, on 1 July 1979, Kaohsiung City was upgraded to special municipality from provincial city and the City Council was reorganized to Provisional Kaohsiung City Council. On 25 December 2010, Kaohsiung City Council and Kaohsiung County Council was merged and reorganized to become Kaohsiung City Council, the council is accessible within walking distance South of Fongshan West Station of Kaohsiung MRT. Mayor of Kaohsiung Kaohsiung City Government Kaohsiung City List of county magistrates of Kaohsiung Official website
10.
Legislative Yuan
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The Legislative Yuan is the unicameral legislature of the Taiwan. It is one of the five branches of government stipulated by the Constitution of the Republic of China, although sometimes referred to as a “parliament”, the Legislative Yuan, under Suns political theory, is a branch of government. According to the Judicial Yuan’s interpretation number 76 of the Constitution, starting with the 2008 legislative elections, drastic changes were made to the Legislative Yuan in accordance with a constitutional amendment passed in 2005. The Legislative Yuan has 113 members, down from 225, legislators are elected to office through the following ways,73 are elected under the first-past-the-post system in single-member constituencies. 34 are elected under the supplementary member system on a ballot, based on nationwide votes. Any party which receives 5% or more of the Party vote can enter the parliament, for each party, at least half of the legislators elected under this system must be female. 6 seats are elected by voters through single non-transferable vote in two three-member constituencies. Members serve four-year terms, with the 9th Legislative term serving from 1 February 2016, the 5 largest parties with 3 seats or more can form caucuses. If there are fewer than 5 such parties, legislators in other parties or with no party affiliation can form caucuses with at least 4 members, the previous legislature had 225 members. 8 were allocated for overseas Chinese and were selected by the parties on the basis of the proportion of votes received nationwide,8 seats were reserved for the aboriginal populations. The original Legislative Yuan was formed in the original Capital of Nanjing after the completion of the Northern Expedition and its 51 members were appointed to a term of two years. The 4th Legislative Yuan under this period had its members expanded to 194, according to KMT political theory, these first four sessions marked the period of political tutelage. The current Constitution of the Republic of China came into effect on December 25,1947, six preparatory meetings had been held on May 8,1948, during which Sun Fo and Chen Li-fu were elected President and Vice President of the body. In 1949, the fell to the Communist Party and the Legislative Yuan was transplanted to Taipei. On February 24,1950,380 members convened at the Sun Yat-sen Hall in Taipei, the first Legislative Yuan was to have been elected for a term of three years ending in 1951, however, the fall of the Mainland made it impossible to hold new elections. As a result, the Judicial Yuan decided that the members of the Legislative Yuan would continue to hold office until new elections could be held on the Mainland and this decision was made in the belief that the KMT would retake the Mainland in a short time. However, over the years, as the prospect of regaining the Mainland diminished, the body thus came to be called the Non-reelected Congress. Over the years, deceased members elected on the mainland were not replaced while additional seats were created for Taiwan starting with eleven seats in 1969
11.
Hsinchu County
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Hsinchu County is a county in north-western Taiwan. The population of the county is mainly Hakka, there is a Taiwanese aboriginal minority in the part of the county. Zhubei is the county capital, where the government office and county office is located, Hsinchu County is where most of the industrial factory and office of computer related companies are located, and is often called the Hsinchu Technology Zone. Before the arrival of Han people, the Hsinchu area was the homeland of Taokas Pingpu, Saisiyat, in 1626, after Spain occupied northern Taiwan, Spanish missionaries arrived at Teckcham. Fukienese and Hakka people came during the Ming Dynasty era and began to cultivate the land from the plains near the sea towards the river valleys, after the ousting of the Dutch is 1662, the Kingdom of Tungning ruled part of southwestern Taiwan until 1683. In 1684, Zhuluo County was established during Qing Dynasty rule, Teckcham was first settled by Han Chinese in 1711 and renamed Hsinchu in 1875. Hsinchu was a part of Taipeh Prefecture, in 1920, during the Japanese rule of Taiwan, Shinchiku Prefecture covered the areas of modern-day Hsinchu County, in addition to Hsinchu City, Miaoli County and Taoyuan City. After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China on 25 October 1945, on 1 July 1982, Xiangshan Township of the county was taken out from Hsinchu County and incorporated to Hsinchu City and became a district. Hsinchu County is located at the northwest part of Taiwan Island and it borders Taoyuan City to the north, Miaoli County to the south, Taiwan Strait to the west and Xueshan and Dabajian Mountain to the east. The average climate in Hsinchu County is mild, Hsinchu County controls 1 city,3 urban townships,6 rural townships and 2 mountain indigenous townships. Zhubei City is the seat of Hsinchu County which houses the Hsinchu County Government, the incumbent Magistrate of Hsinchu County is Chiu Ching-chun of the Kuomintang. The Hakka people constituted around 84% of the population in 2014, while the aborigines consisted mainly of Atayal. As of January 2017, the population was 547,794. Education in Hsinchu County is administered by the Education Department of Hsinchu County Government, the county is home to the Minghsin University of Science and Technology and Ta Hwa University of Science and Technology. Hsinchu County is home to the gas-fired Hsintao Power Plant with a capacity of 600 MW located in Guanxi Township, Hsinchu County houses the Baoshan Dam, supplying cooling water for factories in Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park and neighboring Hsinchu City. The dam can contain water up to 5,470,000 m3 with a catchment area of 3.2 km2, Hsinchu County is crossed by three Taiwan Railways Administration lines, which are the Liujia Line, Neiwan Line and Western Line. Hsinchu County Government website Hsinchu County Government website
Legislatures of Taiwan