1.
County council
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A county council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a county. This term has different meanings in different countries. County councils were formed in the late 19th century, in the various constituent countries of the United Kingdom councils had different powers and different memberships. Following local government reforms in the 1970s, county councils no longer exist in Scotland or Northern Ireland, in England they generally form the top level in a two-tier system of administration, in Wales they are unitary authorities. In England county councils were introduced in 1889, and reformed in 1974, since the mid-1990s a series of local government reorganisations has reduced the number of county councils as unitary authorities have been established in a number of areas. Until the 1990s they also ran colleges of education and the careers services. That decade also saw the privatisation of some services, such as highway maintenance, cleaning. County councils were created by the Local Government Act 1888, largely taking over the functions of the unelected county courts of quarter sessions. County councils consisted of councillors, directly elected by the electorate, there was one county alderman for every three councillors. The first elections to the councils were held at various dates in January 1889, and they served as provisional or shadow councils until 1 April, elections of all councillors and half of the aldermen took place every three years thereafter. The areas over which the councils had authority were designated as administrative counties, the writ of the county councils did not extend everywhere, large towns and some historic counties corporate were constituted county boroughs by the same act. County borough councils were independent of the council for the county in which they were geographically situated, the new system was a major modernisation, which reflected the increasing range of functions carried out by local government in late Victorian Britain. A major accretion of powers took place when education was added to county council responsibilities in 1902, County councils were responsible for more strategic services in a region, with smaller urban district councils and rural district councils responsible for other activities. The Local Government Act 1929 considerably increased the powers of county councils, in 1965 there was a reduction in the number of county councils. The London Government Act 1963 abolished those of London and Middlesex, Greater London was declared to be an area and not to lie in any county. The Local Government Act 1972 completely reorganised local authorities in England, County boroughs were abolished and the whole of England was placed in a two-tier arrangement with county councils and district councils. In the six largest conurbations metropolitan county councils, with increased powers, were created, the post of county alderman was abolished, and the entire council was thereafter directly elected every four years. In 1986 the six county councils were abolished, with their functions transferred to the metropolitan boroughs
2.
Kuomintang
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The Kuomintang of China is a major political party in the Republic of China. It is currently the second-largest in the country, the predecessor of the KMT, the Revolutionary Alliance, was one of the major advocates of the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of a republic. The KMT was founded by Song Jiaoren and Sun Yat-sen shortly after the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, Sun was the provisional president but he did not have military power and ceded the first presidency to the military leader Yuan Shikai. After Yuans death, China was divided by warlords, while the KMT was able to only part of the south. Later led by Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT formed the National Revolutionary Army and it was the ruling party in mainland China from 1928 until its retreat to Taiwan in 1949 after being defeated by the Communist Party of China during the Chinese Civil War. In Taiwan, the KMT continued as the ruling party until the reforms in the late 1970s through the 1990s loosened its grip on power. Since 1987, the Republic of China is no longer a single-party state, however, the KMT is currently the main opposition party in the Legislative Yuan. The guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, advocated by Sun Yat-sen and its party headquarters are located in Taipei. The KMT is a member of the International Democrat Union, the previous president, Ma Ying-jeou, elected in 2008 and re-elected in 2012, was the seventh KMT member to hold the office of the presidency. Together with the People First Party and New Party, the KMT forms what is known as the Taiwanese Pan-Blue Coalition, however, the KMT has been forced to moderate its stance by advocating the political and legal status quo of modern Taiwan. However, since 2008, in order to ease tensions with the PRC, the group planned and supported the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and the founding of the Republic of China on 1 January 1912. However, Sun did not have power and ceded the provisional presidency of the republic to Yuan Shikai. On 25 August 1912, the Nationalist Party was established at the Huguang Guild Hall in Peking, Sun, the then-President of the ROC, was chosen as the party chairman with Huang Xing as his deputy. The party opposed constitutional monarchists and sought to check the power of Yuan, the Nationalists won an overwhelming majority of the first National Assembly election in December 1912. But Yuan soon began to ignore the parliament in making presidential decisions, Song Jiaoren was assassinated in Shanghai in 1913. Yuan, claiming subversiveness and betrayal, expelled adherents of the KMT from the parliament, Yuan dissolved the Nationalists in November and dismissed the parliament early in 1914. Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor in December 1915, in order tonary Party, members must take an oath of personal loyalty to Sun, which many old revolutionaries regarded as undemocratic and contrary to the spirit of the revolution. Thus, many old revolutionaries did not join Suns new organisation, Sun returned to China in 1917 to establish a military junta at Canton, in order to against the Beiyang government, but was soon forced out of office and exiled to Shanghai
3.
Democratic Progressive Party
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The Democratic Progressive Party is a liberal political party in Republic of China, and the dominant party in the Pan-Green Coalition. It is currently the majority ruling party, controlling both the presidency and the unicameral Legislative Yuan, founded in 1986, the DPP is one of two major parties in Taiwan, along with the historically dominant Kuomintang. It has traditionally been associated with advocacy of human rights. The current leader is President Tsai Ing-wen, the member of the DPP to hold the office. The DPP is a member of Liberal International and a founding member of the Council of Asian Liberals. It represented Taiwan in the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation, the DPPs roots were in opposition to Kuomintang one-party authoritarian rule. It was founded as the Tangwai – or outside-the-KMT – movement and this movement culminated in the formation of the DPP as an alternative party on September 28,1986 when eighteen founding members met at Grand Hotel Taipei. A total of 132 people joined the party that day, the new party contested the 1986 election even though competing parties remained illegal under national law until the next year. The first members of the party drew heavily from the ranks of members and defense lawyers of political prisoners as well as intellectuals. Such individuals were strongly committed to change that would ensure constitutional support in Taiwan for freedoms of speech, press, assembly. The party did not at the outset give open support to an independent Taiwanese national identity–a move that could have invited a violent crackdown by the Taiwans Kuomintang rulers and its platform was pro-environment and pro-democracy. Party members began openly promoting a national identity for Taiwan separate from that of China, once the DPP had representation in the Legislative Yuan, the party used the legislature as a forum to challenge the government. However, it did not emerge as a force until 1991. Fears that the DPP would one day control of the legislature led then-President Lee Teng-hui to push through a series of amendments to strengthen presidential power. Chen softened the partys stance on independence to appeal to voters, appease the United States. He also promised not to change the ROC state symbols or declare formal independence as long as the Peoples Republic of China did not attack Taiwan. The DPP became the largest party having reached a plurality in the Legislative Yuan for the first time in 2002 following the 2001 legislative election, however, a majority coalition between the KMT, People First Party, and New Party prevented it from taking control of the chamber. In 2004, President Chen Shui-bian was re-elected by a narrow margin and he and Vice President Annette Lu had been involved in an assassination attempt only hours before the election
4.
Minkuotang
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Minkuotang or the Republican Party is a political party in the Republic of China. The party was established on 13 March 2015 by former Kuomintang legislative representative Hsu Hsin-ying, the party flag of Minkuotang consists of the national emblem of the Republic of China in the center with a golden background, representing the partys aim of reviving and making the country wealthy. The flag was controversial for its use of the emblem in its party flag. However, party chairman Hsu Hsin-ying has denied allegations, stating that the party belongs to the people. Party chair Hsu Hsin-ying switched party affiliations from the Kuomintang to the Minkuotang midway through her term as Hsinchu County legislator and she ran for reelection in the 2016 legislative elections, but quit the race when People First Party chair James Soong chose her to be his vice presidential candidate. The MKT fielded four candidates in the 2016 elections. Hsu Hsin-ying List of political parties in the Republic of China
5.
Green Party Taiwan
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The Green Party Taiwan is a political party in Taiwan established on 25 January 1996. The party is not a member of, and should not be confused with, Green Party Taiwan is a member of the Asia Pacific Greens Federation and participates in the Global Greens. In 1996, Green Party Taiwan’s Kao Meng-ting was elected to the National Assembly, however, he left the party in 1997. In the 2008 legislative election, the Green Party of Taiwan formed a coalition with a labour-led organization Raging Citizens Act Now. But failed to win any seats, in the 2012 legislative election, Green Party Taiwan garnered 1. 7% of the party vote. While still far short of the 5% threshold to win a seat in the legislature and its best showing is in Ponso no Tao where Taiwan’s nuclear waste storage facility is located. There, the party collected 35. 76% of the party due to its strong antinuclear stance. In the 2014 local elections, the party won two seats, wang Hao-yu was elected to the Taoyuan City council and Jay Chou to the Hsinchu County Council. The coalition garnered 2. 5% of the party vote without winning any seats, mr. Kao Cheng-yan, 1996–1997 and 2003-2004 Chair. Candidate for the Taipei City Councilor in 1998, dean of College of Environment and Ecology at National University of Tainan, former director of Taiwan Environmental Protection Union. Assistant professor of Public Administration and Management at Shih Hsin University, former Chair of Taiwan Ecology Conservation Union. Assistant professor of Indigenous Culture at National Dong Hua University, former president of the Homemakers Union and Foundation, former president of the National Union of Taiwan Women Association, candidate for the Legislative Yuan in 2008. Along with Karen Yu, she was elected to the legislature in 2016 after leaving to join the Democratic Progressive Party, president of Pingtung Environmental Protection Union, candidate for the Legislative Yuan in 2004. President of Hualien Environmental Protection Union, candidate for the Hualien County Councilor in 1998,2002, Secretary General of the Taiwan NPO Self-regulation Alliance, former Secretary General of the Society of Wildness, candidate for the Taipei City Councilor in 2006. Gelinda Chang, co-chair for 2011, educator, robin Winkler, co-chair for 2011 and 2012, lawyer and founder of Wild at Heart Legal Defense Association, naturalised Taiwanese citizen. Karen Yu, co-chair from 2012 to 2015, social entrepreneur and co-founder of Öko-Green Café, along with Chen Man-li, she was elected to the legislature in 2016 after leaving to join the Democratic Progressive Party. Lee Keng-cheng, co-chair from 2013 to 2017, artist, educator and founder of Citizen of the Earth Taiwan, Chang Yu-jing, co-chair from 2015 to 2017, mother and activist. Linda Gail Arrigo, international affairs officer for the party, ex-wife of Shih Ming-teh, thomas Chan, at-large candidate for the legislature in the 2016 election
6.
Taiwanese local elections, 2014
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Elected officials would serve a four-year term. Polling stations were open from 8 am to 4pm on the election day, the elections resulted in a substantial defeat for the KMT. The DPP gained executive control of 7 municipalities and counties from the KMT, premier Jiang Yi-huah resigned after the election, forcing President Ma Ying-jeou to appoint Mao Chi-kuo to replace Jiang. President Ma resigned from his post as Chairperson of the Chinese Nationalist Party in the following the election. Including Municipal Mayors, Aboriginal Rural District Chiefs, Township Chiefs Elections in Taiwan 2014 Local Elections
Legislatures of Taiwan