1.
Achievement (heraldry)
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An achievement, armorial achievement or heraldic achievement in heraldry is a full display of all the heraldic components to which the bearer of a coat of arms is entitled. The word hatchment in its usage is thus identical in meaning. However, in recent years the word hatchment has come to be used almost exclusively to denote funerary hatchment, archived from the original on 20 April 2011. An achievement is a formal display of a coat of arms
2.
Impalement (heraldry)
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An impaled shield is bisected in pale, that is by a vertical line. The husbands arms are shown in the half, being the place of honour. For this purpose alone the two halves of the shield are called baron and femme, from ancient Norman-French usage. The sinister side may thus be divided more than twice in similar fashion where required. The use of impaled arms serves to identify with precision which member of the line of a family is represented, if the identity of his wife is known. Frequently impaled arms appear sculpted on ancient buildings, thus allowing architectural historians to identify the builder, impaled arms also appear frequently on monuments in parish churches, and again facilitate identification of the person for whom erected. Also, is pourtraited kneeling in his robes together with his own match, for same-sex married couples, the College of Arms in 2014 decreed that male couples may impale their arms together but that each individual will have distinguished arms and crests of their own. Slightly different rules applies to couples and heraldic heiresses. Likewise, this extends to senior civic office holders, for example Mayors, Masters of Livery Companies. A rare use of impalement is that where a union is believed to exist between the two parties. Such was the case with King Richard II who had a devotion to the saint King Edward the Confessor. The Confessors arms were shown in the position of honour. A rare form of impalement which allows for the juxtaposition of three armorials is tiercing and this is occasionally used where a man has married twice. The personal arms occupy the place of least honour at sinister whilst the representation of the Body of Christ occupies the place of greatest honour at dexter, shields depicting a pelican in her piety were used by various bishops, for example by Robert Sherborne, by Cranmer and Foxe. The dexter part relates to his first wife Elizabeth the daughter of James Walsh of Alverdiscot in Devon, the sinister part relates to his second wife Elizabeth the daughter of Sir Francis Godolphin of Godolphin in Cornwall, England, UK, and shows the arms of Godolphin. Courtoisie Dimidiation Division of the field
3.
Roundel
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A roundel is a circular disc used as a symbol. Other symbols also often use round shapes, in heraldry, a roundel is a circular charge. Roundels are among the oldest charges used in coats of arms, roundels in British heraldry have different names depending on their tincture. One special example of a roundel is the fountain, depicted as a roundel barry wavy argent and azure. The French Air Service originated the use of roundels on military aircraft during the First World War, the chosen design was the French national cockade, whose colours are the blue-white-red of the Flag of France. After the First World War, many air forces adopted roundel insignia. Military aircraft insignia, such as that of the Philippine Air Force, among flags which display a roundel are the flag of Bangladesh and the flag of Japan. Flags for British overseas dependencies are often a British Blue Ensign defaced with a white roundel displaying the arms or badge of the dependency, the same pattern is used for some of the states of Australia. The roundel, especially used by the Royal Air Force, has been associated with pop art of the 1960s. It became part of the pop consciousness when British rock group The Who wore RAF roundels as part of their stage apparel at the start of their career, subsequently it came to symbolise Mods and the Mod revival. Some of Paul Wellers material involves the use of a roundel in psychedelic colours, ben Harpers album Fight For Your Mind uses roundels from several air forces as graphics in the liner notes. In the British television series Doctor Who, the decorations on the interior walls of the TARDIS control room are known as roundels. Some corporations and organizations use of roundels in their branding. Flags, Through the Ages and Around the World, the pocket guide to Military Aircraft and the Worlds Air Forces
4.
Motto
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A motto is a maxim, a phrase meant to formally summarize the general motivation or intention of an individual, family, social group or organization. A motto may be in any language, but Latin has been widely used, especially in the Western world. In heraldry, a motto is depicted below the shield in a banderole, this placement stems from the Middle Ages, in which the vast majority of nobles possessed a coat of arms. In the case of Scottish heraldry it is mandated to appear above the crest, spanish coats of arms may display a motto in the bordure of the shield. In heraldic literature, the rallying cry respectively battle banner are also common, which date back to the battle cry. In English heraldry mottos are not granted with armorial bearings, in Scottish heraldry, mottos can only be changed by re-matriculation, with the Lord Lyon King of Arms. Although very unusual and perhaps outside standard heraldic practice, there are examples of the particular appearance of the motto scroll. Ships and submarines in the Royal Navy each have a badge and motto, Latin has been very common for mottos, but for nation states their official language is generally chosen. A canting motto is one that contains word play, for example, the motto of the Earl of Onslow is Festina lente, punningly interpreting on-slow. In literature, a motto is a sentence, phrase, poem, or word prefixed to an essay, chapter, novel and it is a short, suggestive expression of a guiding principle for the written material that follows. For example, Robert Louis Stevensons Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes uses mottos at the start of each section, epigram Hendiatris Inscription List of Latin phrases List of mottos List of national mottos Slogan Tagline United in diversity United we stand, divided we fall
5.
Peerages in the United Kingdom
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The peerage is a legal system historically comprising hereditary titles in the United Kingdom, comprising various noble ranks, and forms a constituent part of the British honours system. The term peerage can be used collectively to refer to the entire body of nobles, and individually to refer to a specific title. British peerage title holders are termed peers of the Realm, New Labour, elected to power in 1997, sought to eject all hereditary peers from Parliament but PM Tony Blair relented by allowing only 92 members to remain by legislation enacted in 1999. The House of Lordss purpose is now that of a legislative chamber. Peerages are created by the British monarch, like all Crown honours, HMG recommends to the Sovereign who to be elevated to the peerage, after external vetting by the House of Lords Appointments Commission. The Sovereign, traditionally the fount of honour, cannot hold a British peerage, succession claims to existing hereditary peerages are regulated by the House of Lords Committee for Privileges and Conduct and administered by The Crown Office. The modern-day parliamentary peerage is a continuation of the renamed medieval baronage system which existed in feudal times, certain other office-holders such as senior clerics and Freemen of the Cinque Ports were deemed barons. This right, entitlement or title, began to be granted by decree in the form of a Writ of Summons from 1265, additionally, many holders of smaller fiefdoms per baroniam ceased to be summoned to parliament, resulting in baronial status becoming personal rather than territorial. In the UK, five peerages co-exist, namely, The Peerage of England — titles created by the Kings, the Peerage of Scotland — titles created by the Kings and Queens of Scotland before 1707. The Peerage of Ireland — titles created for the Kingdom of Ireland before the Act of Union of 1801, the Peerage of Great Britain — titles created for the Kingdom of Great Britain between 1707 and 1801. The Peerage of the United Kingdom — most titles created since 1801 to the present, Peers are of five ranks, in descending order of hierarchy, Duke comes from the Latin dux, leader. The first duke in a peerage of the British Isles was created in 1337, Marquess comes from the French marquis, which is a derivative of marche or march. This is a reference to the borders between England, Scotland, and Wales, a more evident in the feminine form. The first marquess in a peerage of the British Isles was created in 1385, earl comes from the Old English or Anglo-Saxon eorl, a military leader. The meaning may have been affected by the Old Norse jarl, meaning free-born warrior or nobleman, during the Danelaw, since there was no feminine Old English or Old Norse equivalent for the term, Countess is used, from the Latin comes. Viscount comes from the Latin vicecomes, vice-count, Baron comes from the Old Germanic baro, freeman. In the Peerage of Scotland alone, a holder of the rank is not called a Baron. Barons in Scotland were traditionally holders of feudal dignities, not peers, baronets, while holders of hereditary titles, are not peers since baronetcies have never conferred noble status, although socially they came to be regarded as part of the aristocracy
6.
Earl Fortescue
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Earl Fortescue is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain that was created in 1789 for Hugh Fortescue, 3rd Baron Fortescue. The Fortescue family descends from Sir Hugh Fortescue of Filleigh, Devon and his first wifes first cousin had been 13th Baron Clinton and 5th Earl of Lincoln. In 1721, the abeyance of the ancient barony of Clinton was terminated in favour of their son Hugh Fortescue, both titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain. Hugh, Earl Clinton, had no children and on his death. He was succeeded in the barony of Fortescue according to the remainder by his half-brother, Matthew. Matthews son Hugh, the third Baron, sat as Member of Parliament for Beaumaris, in 1789, he was created Viscount Ebrington, of Ebrington in the County of Gloucester, and Earl Fortescue, in the Peerage of Great Britain. Lord Fortescue married Hester, daughter of Prime Minister George Grenville and he was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl, who was a prominent Whig politician. After representing several constituencies in the House of Commons he was in 1839 summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his fathers title of Baron Fortescue. Lord Fortescue then served under Lord Melbourne as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland from 1839 to 1841 and his son, the third Earl, was also a Whig politician and held minor office from 1846 to 1851 in the same government as his father. In 1859 he was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his fathers title of Baron Fortescue. His eldest son, the fourth Earl, sat as Liberal Member of Parliament for Tiverton and he also held the honorary position of Lord-Lieutenant of Devon. On his death the titles passed to his eldest son, the fifth Earl and he was a Conservative politician and served as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms in 1945 and from 1951 to 1958. He died without surviving issue and was succeeded by his third and youngest brother. As of 2015 the titles are held by the grandson, the eighth Earl. Several other members of the Fortescue family may also be mentioned, the Hon. George Matthew Fortescue, second son of the first Earl, was Member of Parliament for Hindon. The Hon. John Fortescue, second son of the second Earl, was Member of Parliament for Barnstaple, the Hon. Dudley Fortescue, third son of the second Earl, was Member of Parliament for Andover. Sir Seymour John Fortescue, second son of the third Earl, was a Captain in the Royal Navy and also served as Serjeant at Arms in the House of Lords. The Hon. Arthur Grenville Fortescue, fourth son of the third Earl, was a captain in the army and the grandfather of Arthur Henry Grenville Fortescue, a brigadier in the army
7.
Baron Clinton
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Baron Clinton is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1298 for John de Clinton, the peerage of Baron Clinton was created in 1298 for Sir John de Clinton, 1st Baron Clinton, a knight who had served in the Scottish and French wars. The peerage was created by writ, which means that it can descend through both male and female lines and it is thus one of the most ancient English titles still in existence. The first Barons great-great-great-grandson, the fifth Baron, fought on the Yorkist side in the Wars of the Roses and he was attainted in 1461 but late restored to his title. His great-great-grandson, the ninth Baron, was created Earl of Lincoln in 1572, the titles remained united until 1692 upon the death of his great-great-great-grandson, Edward de Clinton, fifth Earl of Lincoln and 13th Baron Clinton. Lady Margaret had married Hugh Boscawen, MP, of Tregothnan in Cornwall, in 1746 he was created Baron Fortescue, of Castle Hill in the County of Devon and Earl Clinton, with remainder to the heirs male of his body. The Earl was childless and on his death the earldom of Clinton became extinct and he was succeeded in the barony of Fortescue by his half-brother, the second Baron Fortescue. Margaret Rolle was the widow of Robert Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford and the daughter of Samuel Rolle and she was succeeded by her son, George Walpole, third Earl of Orford and sixteenth Baron Clinton. He was childless and on his death in 1791 the earldom passed to his uncle, the barony which had been dormant since 1791 was successfully claimed in 1794 by the late Earl of Orfords cousin Robert George William Trefusis, who became the seventeenth Baron Clinton. He was fourth in descent from Bridget Rolle, the sister of Samuel Rolle and daughter of Robert Rolle by Lady Arabella Clinton, Bridget Rolle had married Francis Trefusis of Trefusis in Cornwall, and had issue Samuel Trefusis, whose great-grandson was the 17th Baron Clinton. The latters younger son, the nineteenth Baron, represented Callington in the House of Commons and he was succeeded by his son, Charles Henry Rolle Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 20th Baron Clinton. He served as Under-Secretary of State for India from 1867 to 1868 in the Conservative administrations of the Earl of Derby, in 1867 Baron Clinton assumed by Royal licence the additional surnames of Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes, which were those of his father-in-law. His son, the twenty-second Baron, held office in the coalition government of David Lloyd George. On his death in 1957 the barony fell into abeyance between his two daughters Hon. Harriet Trefusis and Hon. Fenella Trefusis, the abeyance of 1957 was terminated in 1965 in favour of Gerald Neville Mark Fane Trefusis, the twenty-third Baron Clinton and present holder of the title. He is the son of Captain Charles Nevile Fane, eldest son of the aforementioned Hon. Harriet Trefusis and her husband Major Henry Neville Fane. Baron Clinton had already in 1958 assumed by deed poll the surname of Trefusis. The Duke and Duchess of York spent part of their honeymoon there, the 1st Baron resided at Maxstoke Castle, Warwickshire, the inheritance of his wife. The 5th Baron exchanged it for lands in Northamptonshire, the 9th Barons chief seat was in Lincolnshire on an estate which was the inheritance of his wife Elizabeth Blount
8.
Castle Hill, Filleigh
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Castle Hill in the parish of Filleigh in North Devon, is an early Palladian country house situated 3 miles north-west of South Molton and 8 miles south-east of Barnstaple. Whose family is earliest recorded as residing in the 12th century at the manor of Whympston in the parish of Modbury in South Devon, the Fortescue family became major land owners, influential in British and West Country history. The house was reconstructed following a disastrous fire in 1934. It was designated a Grade II* listed building in 1967, the park and gardens are Grade I listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. Today the property is leased by Eleanor, Countess of Arran, the only historic residence of the Fortescue family now remaining as a seat of the Earls Fortescue is Ebrington Manor in Gloucestershire, a very modest building in comparison to Castle Hill. The manor of Filleigh has been held by the Fortescue family since the 15th century, although the main seat until the late 17th century was Weare Giffard. An older late Tudor manor house on the site was re-modelled in 1684 by Arthur Fortescue, a plaque to the left of the north entrance front of the main range is inscribed in Latin, Re-Edificat Per Arthur Fortescue AR AD1684. In 1728/9 he appointed Burlingtons favoured builder Roger Morris to reface the house in Portland stone, the former hall was remodelled as a double-height saloon. A circular library was added in the early 19th century, in 1841 the architect Edward Blore added a porte-cochere on the north side of the main range, now demolished and replaced in 1974 by an entrance porch to the design of Raymond Erith. Blore also refashioned the entrance hall and stairs and added a top storey with mansard roof, in 1861 Blore added at the east side of the house service wings and stables, thus considerably elongating the southern appearance of the building beyond the east wing. The service wing is set back from the east wing by the width of the road which passes directly in front of it. Adjoining it on its east end and extending backwards to give the ensemble an L-shape, is Blores stable block, a major fire broke out in the early morning of 9 March 1934 and burned for two days. It destroyed much of the interior and killed two members of staff, the housekeeper and a maid, the 5th Earl had recently installed a central heating system, the boiler of which, situated underneath the library floor, had malfunctioned. After the fire the house was restored to the 18th-century style by Lord Gerald Wellesley, soldier, diplomat and architect, the house is surrounded by landscaped grounds containing many picturesque structures and decorative points-de-vue. This made available a site for the planned landscaping. Other points-de-vue include the Sham Castle, the Triumphal Arch, the Ebrington Tower, a sham castle dating from about 1746, occupies the hill behind the house to the north, possibly inspired by Vanbrugh, and is said to be the feature which gave the house its name. It served for a while as a hall, at which time it was lined with oak panelling from nearby North Aller House. The building was converted into a dwelling house, originally intended for a couple to tend the tame pheasants
