Max Albert Hugo Eberlein was a German Communist politician. He took part of the founding congress of the Communist Party of Germany ("KPD") in December 1918 and January 1919), and then in the First Congress of the Comintern, where he held important posts until 1928, the result of his involvement with the Conciliator faction. When the Nazis took power in Germany in 1933, Eberlein fled to the Soviet Union, where he found refuge at the Hotel Lux.

The Communist Party of Germany was a major far-left political party in the Weimar Republic during the interwar period, an underground resistance movement in Nazi Germany, and a minor party in West Germany during the postwar period until it was banned by the Federal Constitutional Court in 1956.